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DISASTER MANAGEMENT.pptx
- 1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT By –DR.NEHA TYAGI ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
- 2. COMPETENCIES and SPECIFICLEARNING OBJECTIVES (SLO) CM 13.1- DEFINE & DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF DISASTER MANAGEMNT At the end of the session learner must be able to define Disaster and describe types of disasters accurately. Describe the concept of Disaster management.
- 3. CONT…. CM 13.2 -DESCRIBE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE At the end of the session learner should be able to describe the components of disaster management cycle.
- 4. PLAN OF PRESENTATION Disaster : Definition, Components & Types Disaster Management Cycle Disaster Prevention/Mitigation Disaster Preparedness Early warning, Response, Recovery Conclusion References
- 6. WHAT IS DISASTER? Term disaster (meaning “ bad star”; Italian origin) means sudden and catastrophic events that results in insurmountable loss, damage, destruction of life Characterized by its location, intensity, frequency and probability. Could be natural or man made. Could be single, sequential or combined in origin and effect… The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerability. This influences the mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the affected area
- 7. Effects inthe concerned areas: 1. It completely disrupts the normal day to day life. 2. It negatively influences the emergency systems. 3. Normal needs and processes like flood, shelter, health, etc. are affected and deteriorate depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster
- 8. DISASTER canbe defined as” Any occurrence that causes: Damage, Ecological disruption, Loss of human life, Deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area. Source: WHO
- 9. COMPONENTS OF DISASTER RISK Risk is a measure of the expected losses due to a hazardous event of a particular magnitude occurring in a given area over a specific time period. Death Injury Property, livelihood, disruption of economic activity Environment damage
- 10. COMPONENTS OF DISASTER VULNERABILITY Extent to which a community, structure, services, and/or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by impact of particular hazard Factors increasing vulnerability Lack of information Lack of awareness Poor living conditions Inadequate safety precautions 10
- 11. COMPONENTS OF DISASTER HAZARDS Hazards are defined as “ Phenomena that pose a threat to people, structures, or economic assets and which may cause a disaster. ” They could be either manmade or naturally occurring in our environment. The extent of damage in a disaster depends on: 1. The impact, intensity and characteristics of the phenomenon and 2. How people, environment and infrastructures are affected by that phenomenon 11
- 12. THUS, DISASTER IS.. Catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area Results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of suffering damage property, or damage to, or degradation of environment Beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area. (Source: National Disaster Act,2005) 12
- 13. TYPES OF DISASTER NATURALDISASTERS MAN-MADE DISASTERS Sudden Impact – earthquakes, tropical storms, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, etc. Industrial/Technological – fires, pollution, explosions, etc. Slow Onset – drought, famine, pest infestation, deforestation, etc. Complex Emergencies – wars, civil-strife, armed aggression, etc. Epidemic Diseases – water borne, food borne, vector borne, etc. Others – road / train accidents, riots 13
- 14. DISASTER: 6D EFFECT •Death • Disease • Disability • Distress • Damage to health services • Damage to environment 14
- 15. DISASTER MANAGEMENT A continuousand integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for: Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences Capacity-building including research and knowledge management 15 Source: Disaster Management Act 2005
- 16.
- 17. DISASTER management Preparednessto deal with any disaster Prompt response to any threatening disaster Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster Evacuation, rescue and relief Rehabilitation and reconstruction 17 Source: Disaster Management Act 2005
- 18. Prevention / Mitigation Any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to life and property from natural hazards 18 Structural mitigation Earthquake resistant shelter, cyclone resistant shelter. Hazard mapping, land use zoning, dam construction etc. Non- structural mitigation Training, education , public awareness. Early warning system, Community participation. Source : Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
- 19. Prevention / Mitigation(cont.) Mitigations are actions that will prevent or eliminate losses, even if an incident does occur. Reduce or eliminate the need for an emergency response and reduce the recovery period. Community based DM, includes integration of the policy, plans and execution. Cooperation with agencies at national and international levels. 19
- 20. PREPARATION Preparedness to dealwith any disaster. Done to get ready for an emergency or disaster before it happens. Emergency plans, training, mock drills, and exercises Training Response such as first aid Search and rescue Management of community shelters Psycho-social counselling 20
- 21. PREPARATION Community Preparedness “COMMUNITIESFIRST TO BE AFFECTED ALSO THE FIRST RESPONDERS” COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION Ensures local ownership, Addresses local needs Promotes volunteerism and mutual help The greatest number of lives can be saved during the first few hours following a disaster, before help from the outside arrives. 21
- 22. Early Warning Assessthe severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster India Meteorological Department : responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology The nodal agencies, for specific natural disasters, should identify technological gaps and formulate projects for their upgradation. 22
- 23. RESPONSE Triage : Critical;life threatening. Not life threatening. Minor injuries. Dead 23 IMMEDIATE (Red) DELAYED (Yellow) MINOR (Green) DECEASED (black)
- 24. Medical treatment & Socio-Economic Rehabilitation Provisionof Intermediate Shelters
- 25.
- 26. RECOVERY Longer-term process Restoring the community back to normal or pre-disaster conditions. The Department is Nodal agency for administration of relief and recovery programs including management of Calamity Relief Fund. 26
Editor's Notes
- #7 Characterized by its location, intensity, Characterized by its location, intensity, frequency and probability..Could be natural or manmade..Could be single, sequential or combined in origin and effect…The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerability. This influences the mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the affected area. Generally, disaster has the following effects in the concerned areas:1. It completely disrupts the normal day to day life.2. It negatively influences the emergency systems.3. Normal needs and processes like flood, shelter, health, etc. are affected and deteriorate depending on the intensity and severity of the disaster.
- #11 Vulnerability is defined as “the extent to which a community, structure, service, and/or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction and proximity to hazardous terrain or a disaster prone area”
- #12 Natural disasters attack the poor at three levels: interrupt income,reduce personal assets, and destroy essential public infrastructure. Cause loss of lives Result in maJor economic setbacks disappearing many years of investment in a moment Requires livelihoods have to start from beginning Needs houses and infrastructure to be rebuilt.
- #13 • According to IFRC: any incident in which more than 5 persons are killed or 100 persons are injured is categorized as disaster injured categorized
- #16 The ultimate purpose of emergency management is to save lives, preserve the environment and protect property and the economy. Emergency management is comprised of four interdependent risk- based functions: prevent ion/mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.
- #17 A typical DM continuum comprises six elements; the pre-disaster phase includes prevention, mitigation and preparedness, while the postdisaster phase includes response, rehabilitation,Reconstruction and recovery. A legal and institutional framework binds all these elements together.. A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for:Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences;Capacity-building;Preparedness to deal with any disaster;Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster; Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster;Evacuation, rescue and relief;Rehabilitation and reconstruction;
- #19 Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences; Minimize loss to life and economic assets through:Mainstreaming Disaster Mitigation into all development programs.Mitigation projects- state-of-art technology and eco-friendly Mitigation strategy should be based on risk assessment only.Prevention strategies include building by laws, manuals, codes, acts etc.
- #20 Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters. Mitigation is taking action now—before the next disaster—to reduce human and financial consequences later (analyzing risk, reducing risk, insuring against risk). Effective mitigation requires that we all understand local risks, address the hard choices, and invest in long-term community well-being. Without mitigation actions, we jeopardize our safety, financial security, and self-reliance.
- #21 Emergency plans, training, drills, and exercises that individuals, communities and first responders participate…Volunteers can utilize community assessments to understand the range of local knowledge about disasters and the capacity to mitigate them. Building on local knowledge, volunteers can further strengthen local capacity by starting up and replicating such knowledge and practices…Training, Simulation and Mock Drills:Efficacy of plans and Standard Operating Procedures - tested and refined through training, seminars and mock drills…The NDMA - assist the states/UTs in these areas and conduct mock drills in different parts of the country.
- #22 Elderly, women, children, disabled persons: special attention. WOMEN AND YOUTH :Encouraged to participate in decision making.. If a community is in a state of preparedness reduce the impact of the disaster.
- #24 Triage is derived from Old French word “trier” which means “to sort” separate, sift or select. Based on respirations, perfusion,and mental status Triage may result in determining the order and priority of emergency treatment, the order and priority of emergency transport, or the transport destination for the patient. IMMEDIATE (Red) – Critical; life threatening; likely to survive if care is received within thirty minutes (30).– DELAYED (Yellow) – Serious; may be life threatening; likely to survive if care is received in thirty minutes (30) to several hours. – MINOR (Green) – Not considered life threatening; care may be delayed hours or days; this group may be referred to as the walking wounded. – DECEASED (black) – Mortally wounded or clinically dead are not transported from the scene. They are marked with a black tag by scene personnel.
- #26 Rehabilitation and reconstruction;
- #27 Recovery is the longer-term process of restoring the community back to normal or pre-disaster conditions.