DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND RISK MANAGEMENT.pptx

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND RISK MANAGEMENT.pptx

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  DISASTER RISK REDUCTION ANDRISK MANAGEMENT FOOD SERVICE MANAGEMENT REPORTERS: REXSELL SOMO
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  OBJECTIVES 1.Discuss about disasterrisk reduction 2.To be identify and understanding about the foundation of risk reduction
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  What is disasterrisk reduction? Historically, dealing with disasters focused on emergency response, but towards the end of the 20th century it was increasingly recognized that disasters are not natural (even if the associated hazard is) and that it is only by reducing and managing conditions of hazard, exposure and vulnerability that we can prevent losses and alleviate the impacts of disasters
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  Consequently, DRM includesstrategies designed to: • avoid the construction of new risks • address pre-existing risks • share and spread risk to prevent disaster losses being absorbed by other development outcomes and creating additional poverty
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  How do wereduce risk? Prevention Activities and measures to avoid existing and new disaster risks (often less costly than disaster relief and response). Mitigation The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. For instance, constructing flood defences, planting trees to stabilize slopes and implementing strict land use and building construction codes.
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  Preparedness The knowledge andcapacities of governments, professional response and recovery organisations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions.
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  Transfer The process offormally or informally shifting the financial consequences of particular risks from one party to another whereby a household, community, enterprise or state authority will obtain resources from the other party after a disaster occurs, in exchange for ongoing or compensatory social or financial benefits provided to that other party.
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  Implementation of theseactivities and measures is rarely done in isolation and includes a number of associated activities, including: • Education and knowledge development • Informing people about their risk (awareness raising) • Incorporating DRM into national planning and investment • Strengthening institutional and legislative arrangements • Providing financial protection for people and businesses at risk (finance and contingency planning) • Integrating DRR across multiple sectors, including health, environment, etc.
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  Identifying and understandingrisk: the foundation of risk reduction Risk identification Because the damages and losses caused by historical disasters are often not widely known, and because the potential damages and losses that could arise from future disasters (including infrequent but high-impact events) may not be known at all, DRM is given a low priority Risk reduction Hazard and risk information may be used to inform a broad range of activities to reduce risk, from improving building codes and designing risk reduction measures (such as flood and storm surge protection), to carrying out macro-level assessments of the risks to different types of buildings (for prioritizing investment in reconstruction and retrofitting, for example).
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  Preparedness An understanding ofthe geographic area affected, along with the intensity and frequency of different hazard events, is critical for planning evacuation routes, creating shelters, and running preparedness drills. Financial protection Disaster risk analysis was born out of the financial and insurance sector’s need to quantify the risk of comparatively rare high- impact natural hazard events.
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  Resilient reconstruction Risk assessmentcan play a critical role in impact modelling before an event strikes (in the days leading up to a cyclone, for example), or it can provide initial and rapid estimates of human, physical, and economic loss in an event’s immediate aftermath
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  Are we reducingdisaster risk? While we have made some progress in reducing disaster mortality associated with intensive risks, increasing exposure of people and economic assets means that mortality and economic losses from extensive risk are trending up and absolute global economic losses from disasters are increasing, although not relative to GDP
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  We’ve been generatingrisk faster than we have been reducing it. More needs to be done to prevent new risks, which are already emerging owing to increasing urbanization, the threat of climate change and other risk drivers. In an increasingly interconnected world, we are seeing that disasters can also result in synchronous failures.
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  We have mademore progress in managing disasters than in reducing our disaster risk. Over the last 10 years, there has been significant progress in strengthening disaster preparedness, response and early warning capacities and in reducing specific risks, according to the HFA Monitor.
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  Although we knowhow to reduce disaster risk, there is often a lack of incentive to do so. Both individuals, governments and businesses tend to discount low-probability future losses and seem reluctant to invest in DRM. Despite the magnitude of disaster costs, reducing risks is often perceived as less of a priority than fiscal stability, unemployment or inflation
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  The strategy objectiveof expecting and diminishing gamble is called catastrophe risk decrease. Albeit frequently utilized conversely with DRR, calamity risk the executives can be considered the execution of DRR, since it depicts the activities that expect to accomplish the goal of lessening risk. Catastrophe risk is a mark of unfortunate turn of events, so decreasing calamity risk requires coordinating DRR strategy and DRM practice into maintainable advancement objectives. SUMMARY
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  Historically, dealing withdisasters focused on emergency response, but towards the end of the 20th century it was increasingly recognised that disasters are not natural (even if the associated hazard is) and that it is only by reducing and managing conditions of hazard, exposure and vulnerability that we can prevent losses and alleviate the impacts of disasters. Since we cannot reduce the severity of natural hazards, the main opportunity for reducing risk lies in reducing vulnerability and exposure.
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  Reducing these twocomponents of risk requires identifying and reducing the underlying drivers of risk, which are particularly related to poor economic and urban development choices and practice, degradation of the environment, poverty and inequality and climate change, which create and exacerbate conditions of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Addressing these underlying risk drivers will reduce disaster risk, lessen the impacts of climate change and, consequently, maintain the sustainability of development.