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Diseases of ear, nose and throat
The document outlines common diseases affecting the ear, nose, and throat along with their symptoms, causes, and treatments. Ear conditions include infections like acute and chronic otitis media, while nasal issues encompass rhinitis and sinusitis. Treatments vary from medications like antibiotics and analgesics to surgical interventions for more severe conditions.
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Diseases of ear, nose and throat
- 1. COMMON DISEASES OFEAR, NOSE AND THROAT Dr. Binod Chaudhary Motipur PHC Suddhodhan-04, Pharsatikar Rupandehi, Nepal
- 2. EAR • External ear •Pinna • External acoustic (auditory) canal • Middle ear • Internal ear
- 3. Disease of auricle(pinna)
- 5. Disease of EAC •Congenital disorders • Trauma • Inflammation • Tumors • Others
- 6. Furuncle (localized acuteotitis externa) • Outer 1/3rd part • Pain • Tenderness • Fever(+/-) Antibiotics Analgesics Local heat Ear packing
- 7. Otomycosis • Fungal infection •Intense itching • Discomfort • Pain • Discharge with musty odour Ear toileting Antifungal agents Antibiotics
- 8. Impacted wax orcerumen • Impairment of hearing or sense of blocked ear • Tinnitus • Giddiness Syringing Softening and syringing
- 9. Foreign bodies ofear Method of removal Forceps removal Syringing Suction Microscopic removal with special instruments Postaural approach
- 11. Disease of tympanicmembrane • Retracted tympanic membrane • Traumatic rupture • perforations
- 12. Disease of middleear • Acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) • Acute necrtizing otitis media • Otitis media with effusion • Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)
- 13. Acute suppurative otitismedia • Acute inflammation of middle ear. • Bacterial and viral infection • Routes of infection • Eustachian tube • External ear • Blood borne Staphylococcus pneumonia Haemophilus influenzae
- 14. Signs and symptoms •Deafness • Earache • Tinnitus • Fever • Discharge • TM perforation
- 15. Treatment • Antibacterial therapy amoxicillin/ampicillin/cotrimoxazole/azithromycin •Decongestant nasal drops • Analgesics and antipyretics • Ear toileting • Myringotomy
- 16. Chronic suppurative otitismedia • Long standing infection of part or whole of middle ear • Characterized by ear discharge and a permanent perforation Clinical features • Ear discharge • Hearing loss • Perforation • Bleeding • Middle ear mucosa
- 17. Treatment Aim- control infectionand eliminate ear discharge • Aural toilet • Ear drops • Systemic antibiotics • Precautions • Surgical treatment
- 18. Otalgia (Earache) • Localcause • Furuncle, impacted wax, otitis externa, otomycosis, neoplasm, etc • Acute otitis media, Eustachian tube obstruction, mastoiditis,, etc • Referred cause • Dental • Oral cavity • Temporomandibular joint disorders
- 19. Tinnitus Causes • Impacted wax •Fluid in middle ear • Acute otitis media • Chronic otitis media • Presbyacusis • Noise induced hearing loss, etc
- 20. Hearing loss • Conductivehearing loss • Sensorineural hearing loss
- 21. Disease of noseand paranasal sinuses
- 22. Disease of externalnose • Cellulitis • Nasal deformities • Tumors
- 23. Furuncle or boil •Acute infection of hair follicle • Staphylococcus aureus • Painful and tender Warm compression Analgesics Topical and systematic antibiotics
- 24. Deviated nasal septum •Caused by trauma or developmental • Nasal obstruction • Headache • Sinusitis • Epistaxis • Anosmia • External deformity • Middle ear infection Surgical treatment
- 25. Septal abscess • Secondaryinfection of septal hematoma • Several bilateral nasal obstruction • Pain and tenderness • Fever with chills and frontal headache Incision and Drainage Systemic antibiotics
- 26. Acute rhinitis • Viral,bacterial or irritative • Burning sensation at the back of nose • Nasal stuffiness • Rhinorrhoea • Sneezing • Nasal discharge Antihistaminics and nasal decongestants Antibiotics if bacterial
- 27. Foreign bodies • Historyof foreign bodies • “if a child presents with unilateral, foul smelling nasal discharge, foreign body must be excluded.” Removal
- 28. Epistaxis Causes • Trauma • Infections •Foreign bodies • Neoplasms • Atmospheric changes • Deviated nasal septum
- 29. First aid Cauterization Anterior nasalpacking Posterior nasal packing
- 30. Acute sinusitis • Acuteinflammation of sinus Causes • Nasal infection • Trauma • Dental infection • Obstruction to sinus ventilation and drainage • Previous attack • Poor general hygiene
- 31. Clinical features • Fever,general malaise and body ache • Headache • Pain • Tenderness • Redness and oedema of cheek • Nasal discharge • Postnasal discharge
- 32. Treatment • Antimicrobial drugs •Nasal decongestant drops • Steam inhalation • Analgesics • Hot fomentation • Surgery (antral lavage)
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- 35. Clinical features • Throatdiscomfort • Malaise • Fever • Pain • Dysphagia • Headache
- 36. Treatment General measures- bedrest, plenty of fluids, warm saline gargles,analgesics Specific treatment- antibiotics
- 37. Tonsillitis • Acute andchronic tonsillitis • Inflammation of tonsils Symptoms • Sore throat • Difficulty in swallowing • Fever • Earache
- 38. Sign • Often thebreath is foetid • Hyperemia of pillars, soft palate and uvula • Tonsils- red and swollen with yellowish spots
- 39. Treatment • Bed restand plenty of fluid • Analgesics • Antimicrobial therapy • Tonsillectomy
- 40. Acute epiglottitis • Acuteinflammatory condition of epiglottis and nearby structures • Marked edema, may obstruct the airway • Serious condition that affects children of 2-7 years of age but can also affect adults. • H. influenzae
- 41. Clinical features • abruptin onset with rapid progression • Sore throat and dysphagia • Dyspnea and stridor. Rapidly progressive and may prove fatal unless relieved • Fever upto 400C Examination • Visualization using tongue depressor • Indirect laryngoscopy • X-ray soft tissue neck, lateral view. (examination is avoided for fear of precipitating complete obstruction. Better done in operation threatre.
- 42. Treatment • Hospitalization • Medication •Adequate hydration • Humidification and oxygen • Intubation or traceostomy