Exploring the Experiences of
               Learning Coaches
            in Cyber Charter Schools
               A Qualitative Case Study


                        Lisa Hasler Waters
                             October 16, 2012
Lisa Hasler Waters

 ETEC, M.Ed. 2001
 ETEC, Ph.D. program 2007
 United Kingdom, consulting
 Virginia, consulting
Acknowledgements

 Family
 Friends, Colleagues, ETEC
 Study participants
 Committee
Dissertation Committee




           Dr. Michael P. Menchaca, Chair
           Dr. James A. Dator, Member
           Dr. Ellen S. Hoffman, Member
           Dr. Michael K. Barbour, Member
           Dr. Peter Leong, Member
Agenda
I.     Why this study
II.    Problem
III.   Purpose
IV.    Research Questions        VII. Methods
V.     Major Previous Findings   VIII. Limitations
VI.    Conceptual Framework      IX. Results
                                 X. Discussion
                                 XI. Summary
                                 XII. Implications
                                 XIII. Recommendations
The Story Behind the Study
Problem

      Parents of cyber charter students are
                   central
     figures supporting their children’s education



              Yet, little research has examined their
                                            practices
Problem

          ā€œThe relatively unregulated
            operation of virtual
            schools by private or
            public entities has caused
            many professionals to
            approach the subject of
            virtual schooling with
            cautionā€ 1
Purpose Statement


       To discover the
            beliefs and behaviors
                 of learning coaches
Research Questions


RQ1: How do learning coaches support their students?
RQ2: How do they perceive their roles?
RQ3: How do they use technology to support their students?
RQ4: What challenges do they face?
Major Previous Findings

 Parental involvement
           has been linked to
                 positive student outcomes2,3,4




  traditional         virtual          home
Parental
Involvement

 HDS Model of Parental Involvement5:

                      Encouraging
                       Reinforcing
                       Motivating
                        Instructing
Parental
Involvement
   HDS Model of Parental Involvement
                 in virtual schooling:

                       Encouraging
                        Reinforcing
                        Motivating
       -Instructing?
What we do know


Tasks associated with learning coaches:

                          Organizing
                          Instructing
                          Motivating
                           Managing
Conceptual Framework




      ļ‚¢
    HDS Model of Parental Involvement
              Ecological Systems Theory6
Methods

  Qualitative
  Exploratory case study
  Grounded theory
                ā€œelucidate conceptsā€7
Methods: Settings and
Participants

   Hawaii Technology Academy (HTA)
   K12 Inc, partner
   Five learning coaches
Methods: Data Collection
     Interviews




                     
     Focus group
     Diary logs
     Survey
     Secondary
       resources     The multi-layered
                     reality of the virtual
                     realm warrants
                     special consideration
Methods: Data Analysis


         General analytic strategy
         Iterative
         4 levels of coding
         Constant comparison
         Triangulation
Limitations

              Small group
              Complexities of virtual
               research
              Lack of student voices
              Relationship of
                researcher : participants
Results: 3 Important Themes

          Learner centric
            Resources
            Real Life
Learner Centric

   ā€œI try to mirror them as
                    much as possibleā€
Resources

            ā€œTeachers are the
             go-to personā€
Real Life


   ā€œWe try to relate things they were
    learning with real life thingsā€
Solving the Questions


   Learner centric Resources
                    Real Life
           RQ1: Behaviors
           RQ2: Roles
           RQ3: Technology
           RQ4: Challenges
Answers: RQ1 Behaviors


      ā€œIt [learning] doesn’t have to be
        separated from daily lifeā€
Encouraging
     ā€œWhen one may have done
      well on something and the
      other one is not, we talk
      about how things are
      different and everyone has
      their own strength and so
      we talk about their
      strength.ā€
Reinforcing
      ā€œā€¦because we are aware of
       what they are learning it
       just comes up through
       discussions either at the
       dinner table or when we’re
       hiking or those kinds of
       things.ā€
Modeling


       ā€œWe’re always reading so the
        children see thatā€
Instructing

              ā€œSo we might do something
                where I am listening to her
                where she feels more
                responsible for her own
                work.ā€
Two Additional Behaviors


              Adapting

             Leveraging
Adapting

                ā€œIt took some
               adjustment
           on my part being used to
              traditional teachingā€
Leverage


           ā€œā€¦first we’ll try online
            searchesā€
Discussion: RQ2 Beliefs

            ā€œWe do most of the
             instruction. We have a
             greater
                responsibility.ā€
Discussion: RQ3 Technology


             ā€œI feel very
          comfortable
         in this environmentā€
Discussion: RQ4 Challenges


             ā€œI often feel

        overwhelmed! ā€
Summary

      Not a DIY program

      Technology is central

      Learner centric has benefits

      Dichotomy of roles
Implications
       Not a do-it- Improve support,
 yourself program     differentiate training,
                      encourage outreach
     Technology is Teach them how to
            central   leverage technology
Learner centric has Use practices to influence
          benefits    automated learning
Dichotomy of roles Coordinate shared roles
                      of teachers and parents
Recommendations
 Continue investigating behaviors
 and challenges
                            Capture voices of students

 Evaluate systems to improve support of
 learning coaches
                      Study implications for automated
                                      learning systems

 Examine deeper the roles and responsibilities
 of teachers and non teachers
Questions???
Mahalo
     


ļ‚”        Cheers
            Lisa Hasler Waters
            hasler@hawaii.edu
Citations
    (1)   Glass, G. V., & Welner, K. G. (2011). Online K-12 schooling in the U.S.: Uncertain private ventures in need of public regulation. Retrieved from
          http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/online-ļ½­k-ļ½­12-ļ½­schooling.
    (2)   Cotton, K., & Wikelund, K. R. (1989). Parental involvement in education: The schooling practices that matter most. Retrieved from
          http://www.nwrel.org/archive/sirs/3/cu6.html
          Desforges, C., & Abouchaar, A. (2003). The impact of parental invovlement, parental support and family education on pupil achievement and
          adjustment: A literature review: Department for Education and Skills.
          Epstein, J. L. (1991). What we can learn from federal, state, district and school initiatives. Phi Delta Kappan, 72(5), 244-349.
          Epstein, J. L. (1995). School, family, community partnerships: Caring for the children we share. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(9), 701-713.
          Fan, X., & Chen, M. (2001). Parental involvement and students' academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 13(1),
          1-22.
          Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1995). Parental involvement in children's education: Why does it make a difference? Teachers College
          Record, 97(2), 310-331.
          Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L., Wilkins., A. S., et al. (2005a). Final performance report for
          OERI Grant #R305T010673: The social context of parental involvement: A path to enhanced achievement: Institute of Educational Sciences, U.S.
          Department of Education.
          Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L., Wilkins., A. S., et al. (2005b). Why do parents become
          involved? Research findings and implications. Elementary School Journal, 106(2), 105-130.
          Walker, J. M. T., Wilkins., A. S., Dallaire, J. R., Sandler, H. M., & Hoover-Dempsey, K., V. (2005). Parental involvement: Model revision through
          scale development. The Elementary School Journal, 106(2), 85-103.
          Zellman, G. L., & Waterman, J. M. (1998). Understanding the impact of parent school involvement on children's educational outcomes. The
          Journal of Educational Research, 91(6), 370-380.
    (3)   Black, E. W. (2009). An evaluation of familial involvements’ influence on student achievement in K–12 virtual schooling. Unpublished Dissertation,
          University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
          Liu, F., Black, E., Algina, J., Cavanaugh, C., & Dawson, K. (2010). The validation of one parental involvement measurement in virtual schooling.
          Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 9(2), 105-132.
    (4)   Bauman, K. J. (2001). Home schooling trends in the United States: Trends and characteristics. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau.
          Ray, B. D. (2010). Academic achievement and demographic traits of homeschool students: A nationwide study. Academic Leadership, 8(1),
          Ray, B. D. (2011). 2.04 million homeschool students in the United States in 2010: National Home Education Research Institute (NHERI).
          Rudner, L. M. (1999). The scholastic achievement and demographic characteristics of home school students in 1998. College Park, MD: ERIC
          Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, College of Library and Information Services, University of Maryland.
    (5)   Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1995). Parental involvement in children's education: Why does it make a difference? Teachers College
          Record, 97(2), 310-331.
          Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L., Wilkins., A. S., et al. (2005a). Final performance report for
          OERI Grant #R305T010673: The social context of parental involvement: A path to enhanced achievement: Institute of Educational Sciences, U.S.
          Department of Education.
          Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L., Wilkins., A. S., et al. (2005b). Why do parents become
          involved? Research findings and implications. Elementary School Journal, 106(2), 105-130.
    (6)   Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6),
          723-742.
          Bronfenbrenner, U. (Ed.) (1994) International Encyclopedia of Education (2nd ed., Vols. 3). Oxford, England: Elsevier.
    (7)   Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Dissertation defense-Learning Coaches

  • 1.
    Exploring the Experiencesof Learning Coaches in Cyber Charter Schools A Qualitative Case Study Lisa Hasler Waters October 16, 2012
  • 2.
    Lisa Hasler Waters ETEC, M.Ed. 2001 ETEC, Ph.D. program 2007 United Kingdom, consulting Virginia, consulting
  • 3.
    Acknowledgements Family Friends,Colleagues, ETEC Study participants Committee
  • 4.
    Dissertation Committee Dr. Michael P. Menchaca, Chair Dr. James A. Dator, Member Dr. Ellen S. Hoffman, Member Dr. Michael K. Barbour, Member Dr. Peter Leong, Member
  • 5.
    Agenda I. Why this study II. Problem III. Purpose IV. Research Questions VII. Methods V. Major Previous Findings VIII. Limitations VI. Conceptual Framework IX. Results X. Discussion XI. Summary XII. Implications XIII. Recommendations
  • 6.
  • 7.
    Problem Parents of cyber charter students are central figures supporting their children’s education Yet, little research has examined their practices
  • 8.
    Problem ā€œThe relatively unregulated operation of virtual schools by private or public entities has caused many professionals to approach the subject of virtual schooling with cautionā€ 1
  • 9.
    Purpose Statement To discover the beliefs and behaviors of learning coaches
  • 10.
    Research Questions RQ1: Howdo learning coaches support their students? RQ2: How do they perceive their roles? RQ3: How do they use technology to support their students? RQ4: What challenges do they face?
  • 11.
    Major Previous Findings Parental involvement has been linked to positive student outcomes2,3,4 traditional virtual home
  • 12.
    Parental Involvement HDS Modelof Parental Involvement5: Encouraging Reinforcing Motivating Instructing
  • 13.
    Parental Involvement HDS Model of Parental Involvement in virtual schooling: Encouraging Reinforcing Motivating -Instructing?
  • 14.
    What we doknow Tasks associated with learning coaches: Organizing Instructing Motivating Managing
  • 15.
    Conceptual Framework ļ‚¢ HDS Model of Parental Involvement Ecological Systems Theory6
  • 16.
    Methods Qualitative Exploratory case study Grounded theory ā€œelucidate conceptsā€7
  • 17.
    Methods: Settings and Participants Hawaii Technology Academy (HTA) K12 Inc, partner Five learning coaches
  • 18.
    Methods: Data Collection Interviews  Focus group Diary logs Survey Secondary resources The multi-layered reality of the virtual realm warrants special consideration
  • 19.
    Methods: Data Analysis General analytic strategy Iterative 4 levels of coding Constant comparison Triangulation
  • 20.
    Limitations Small group Complexities of virtual research Lack of student voices Relationship of researcher : participants
  • 21.
    Results: 3 ImportantThemes Learner centric Resources Real Life
  • 22.
    Learner Centric ā€œI try to mirror them as much as possibleā€
  • 23.
    Resources ā€œTeachers are the go-to personā€
  • 24.
    Real Life ā€œWe try to relate things they were learning with real life thingsā€
  • 25.
    Solving the Questions Learner centric Resources Real Life RQ1: Behaviors RQ2: Roles RQ3: Technology RQ4: Challenges
  • 26.
    Answers: RQ1 Behaviors ā€œIt [learning] doesn’t have to be separated from daily lifeā€
  • 27.
    Encouraging ā€œWhen one may have done well on something and the other one is not, we talk about how things are different and everyone has their own strength and so we talk about their strength.ā€
  • 28.
    Reinforcing ā€œā€¦because we are aware of what they are learning it just comes up through discussions either at the dinner table or when we’re hiking or those kinds of things.ā€
  • 29.
    Modeling ā€œWe’re always reading so the children see thatā€
  • 30.
    Instructing ā€œSo we might do something where I am listening to her where she feels more responsible for her own work.ā€
  • 31.
    Two Additional Behaviors Adapting Leveraging
  • 32.
    Adapting ā€œIt took some adjustment on my part being used to traditional teachingā€
  • 33.
    Leverage ā€œā€¦first we’ll try online searchesā€
  • 34.
    Discussion: RQ2 Beliefs ā€œWe do most of the instruction. We have a greater responsibility.ā€
  • 35.
    Discussion: RQ3 Technology ā€œI feel very comfortable in this environmentā€
  • 36.
    Discussion: RQ4 Challenges ā€œI often feel overwhelmed! ā€
  • 37.
    Summary Not a DIY program Technology is central Learner centric has benefits Dichotomy of roles
  • 38.
    Implications Not a do-it- Improve support, yourself program differentiate training, encourage outreach Technology is Teach them how to central leverage technology Learner centric has Use practices to influence benefits automated learning Dichotomy of roles Coordinate shared roles of teachers and parents
  • 39.
    Recommendations Continue investigatingbehaviors and challenges Capture voices of students Evaluate systems to improve support of learning coaches Study implications for automated learning systems Examine deeper the roles and responsibilities of teachers and non teachers
  • 40.
  • 41.
    Mahalo  ļ‚” Cheers Lisa Hasler Waters [email protected]
  • 42.
    Citations (1) Glass, G. V., & Welner, K. G. (2011). Online K-12 schooling in the U.S.: Uncertain private ventures in need of public regulation. Retrieved from http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/online-ļ½­k-ļ½­12-ļ½­schooling. (2) Cotton, K., & Wikelund, K. R. (1989). Parental involvement in education: The schooling practices that matter most. Retrieved from http://www.nwrel.org/archive/sirs/3/cu6.html Desforges, C., & Abouchaar, A. (2003). The impact of parental invovlement, parental support and family education on pupil achievement and adjustment: A literature review: Department for Education and Skills. Epstein, J. L. (1991). What we can learn from federal, state, district and school initiatives. Phi Delta Kappan, 72(5), 244-349. Epstein, J. L. (1995). School, family, community partnerships: Caring for the children we share. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(9), 701-713. Fan, X., & Chen, M. (2001). Parental involvement and students' academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 13(1), 1-22. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1995). Parental involvement in children's education: Why does it make a difference? Teachers College Record, 97(2), 310-331. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L., Wilkins., A. S., et al. (2005a). Final performance report for OERI Grant #R305T010673: The social context of parental involvement: A path to enhanced achievement: Institute of Educational Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L., Wilkins., A. S., et al. (2005b). Why do parents become involved? Research findings and implications. Elementary School Journal, 106(2), 105-130. Walker, J. M. T., Wilkins., A. S., Dallaire, J. R., Sandler, H. M., & Hoover-Dempsey, K., V. (2005). Parental involvement: Model revision through scale development. The Elementary School Journal, 106(2), 85-103. Zellman, G. L., & Waterman, J. M. (1998). Understanding the impact of parent school involvement on children's educational outcomes. The Journal of Educational Research, 91(6), 370-380. (3) Black, E. W. (2009). An evaluation of familial involvements’ influence on student achievement in K–12 virtual schooling. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Liu, F., Black, E., Algina, J., Cavanaugh, C., & Dawson, K. (2010). The validation of one parental involvement measurement in virtual schooling. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 9(2), 105-132. (4) Bauman, K. J. (2001). Home schooling trends in the United States: Trends and characteristics. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Ray, B. D. (2010). Academic achievement and demographic traits of homeschool students: A nationwide study. Academic Leadership, 8(1), Ray, B. D. (2011). 2.04 million homeschool students in the United States in 2010: National Home Education Research Institute (NHERI). Rudner, L. M. (1999). The scholastic achievement and demographic characteristics of home school students in 1998. College Park, MD: ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, College of Library and Information Services, University of Maryland. (5) Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1995). Parental involvement in children's education: Why does it make a difference? Teachers College Record, 97(2), 310-331. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L., Wilkins., A. S., et al. (2005a). Final performance report for OERI Grant #R305T010673: The social context of parental involvement: A path to enhanced achievement: Institute of Educational Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Walker, J. M. T., Sandler, H. M., Whetsel, D., Green, C. L., Wilkins., A. S., et al. (2005b). Why do parents become involved? Research findings and implications. Elementary School Journal, 106(2), 105-130. (6) Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723-742. Bronfenbrenner, U. (Ed.) (1994) International Encyclopedia of Education (2nd ed., Vols. 3). Oxford, England: Elsevier. (7) Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.