Diuretics (mechanism of action, Uses and Clinical Consequences)

Diuretics: Mechanisms, Classification, and Clinical Applications — by Dr. Faiza Explore the detailed physiology behind diuretic action in this comprehensive lecture by Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology. Learn how different classes of diuretics act on specific nephron segments, their mechanisms, uses, and key clinical implications. Ideal for undergraduate and postgraduate medical students. 🔬 Key Topics Covered: • Definition & Clinical Uses: Role of diuretics in edema, hypertension, and renal function. • Classification: Based on site and mechanism—osmotic, loop, thiazide, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and potassium-sparing diuretics. • Osmotic Diuretics: Mannitol and urea—mechanism, action sites, and therapeutic uses in intracranial and intraocular pressure. • Loop Diuretics: Furosemide and others—NKCC2 inhibition, massive natriuresis, and indications in heart failure and hypercalcemia. • Thiazide Diuretics: NCC inhibition, moderate diuresis, and long-term use in hypertension and nephrolithiasis. • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Acetazolamide—mechanism, therapeutic uses in glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness, and epilepsy. • Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Aldosterone antagonists and ENaC blockers—mechanism, combined use, and risk of hyperkalemia. • Adverse Effects: Electrolyte imbalance, acid-base disorders, and drug-specific toxicities explained with physiological reasoning. 🎓 Learning Objectives: • Classify diuretics by nephron site and mechanism. • Explain the physiological basis of diuretic action. • Describe the mechanism and therapeutic use of major diuretics. • Recognize common adverse effects and their physiological basis. 💡 Clinical Relevance: • Understand how diuretics modulate renal physiology to manage edema and hypertension. • Relate mechanisms to side effects such as hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, or ototoxicity. • Integrate physiological principles with clinical pharmacology for exam and patient care readiness. 📚 For More Educational Content: Phone: +92 310 7990649 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.medicoseacademics.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/medicoseacademics Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/medicoseacademics YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@MedicoseAcademics Dr. Faiza Assistant Professor of Physiology MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore) FCPS (Physiology) ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU) MHPE (Riphah International University) MPH (GC University, Faisalabad) MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan) Tags: Diuretics, Loop Diuretics, Thiazide Diuretics, Osmotic Diuretics, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Potassium-Sparing Diuretics, Physiology of Diuretics, Renal Physiology, Nephron Function, Electrolyte Balance, Natriuresis, Diuretic Mechanism, Aldosterone Antagonist, Acetazolamide, Furosemide, Mannitol, Hydrochlorothiazide, Medical Pharmacology, Fluid Balance, Clinical Physiology