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The document provides information on various aspects of disaster management. It defines disasters and discusses different types of natural and man-made disasters. It also summarizes the key phases of disaster management - preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. Furthermore, it highlights some major disasters that have occurred in India and the roles of different agencies involved in disaster management.
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Dm jmi asc 25 feb15
- 1. Prof (Col) Rajive Kohli,Ph.D. 9910744340 [email protected] UGC-Academic Staff College 111th 4-week Orientation Programme from 04 February to 04 March 2015 25 February 2015, 12.45 p.m. to 2:15 p.m.
- 4. DEFINATION “a sudden accidentor a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life” (Oxford dictionary) “a catastrophic, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made cause, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area” (Disaster Management Act 2005)
- 5. A Disaster isan event or series of events, which gives rise to casualties and damage or loss of properties, infrastructure, environment, essential services or means of livelihood on such a scale which is beyond the normal capacity of the affected community to cope with.
- 6. DISASTER dimensions – Disruptionto normal pattern of life, usually severe and may also be sudden, unexpected and widespread – Human effects like loss of life, injury, hardship and adverse effect on health – Effect on social infrastructure such as destruction of or damage to government systems, buildings, communications and essential services – Community needs such shelter, food, clothing, medical assistance and social care.
- 7. Impact of Disasters •Direct effects include deaths, injuries and physical damage. • Secondary disaster impacts such as releasing fire or hazardous material that is triggered by disasters. • Indirect impacts include the ripple effect resulting from the flow of goods, services, unemployment etc.
- 8. GENERAL EFFECTS OFDISASTER LOSS OF LIFE. INJURY, ILLNESS, DISEASE DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY. DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PRODUCTION. DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE. LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD. DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES. DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE. DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS. NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS. SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER EFFECT. ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTION
- 9. CHARACTERISTICOF DISASTER • Predictability •Controllability • Speed of onset • Length of forewarning • Duration of impact • Scope and intensity of impact
- 10.
- 13. DISASTER MANAGEMENT The bodyof policy and administration decisions and operational activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels. An applied science which seek, by systematic observation and analysis of disasters, to improve measures relating to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response and recovery. Encompass all aspects of planning for and responding to disasters, including both pre and post disaster activities.
- 14. ... Contd. a continuousand integrated process of planning, organising, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for: (i) Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster; (ii) Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences; (iii) Capacity-building; (iv) Preparedness to deal with any disaster; (v) Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster; (vi) Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster; evacuation, rescue and relief; (vii) Rehabilitation and reconstruction; (Disaster Management Act, 2005)
- 15. The traditional approachto disaster management has been to regard it as a number of phased sequences of action or a continuum. These can be represented as a disaster management cycle. The basic disaster management cycle consists of six main activities.
- 16. • Prevention • Mitigation •Preparedness • Response • Rehabilitation • Reconstruction Six elements that defines the complete approach to Disaster Management.
- 18. DISASTER MANGEMENT CYCLE 1.DISASTER PREPAREDNESS • Planning 2. PERSONAL MITIGATION • Structural measures • Non-structural measures 3. RESPONSE • Search • Rescue • Fulfilling humanitarian needs 4. RECOVERY • Bring affected area and people back to normal
- 19. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTERMANAGEMENT • Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of government • Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-day purpose. • Organizations should function as an extension of their core business • Individuals are responsible for their own safety. • Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.
- 20. Contd…. • Disaster managementplanning should recognize the difference between incidents and disasters. • Disaster management operational arrangements are additional to and do not replace incident management operational arrangements • Disaster management planning must take account of the type of physical environment and the structure of the population. • Disaster management arrangements must recognise the involvement and potential role of non- government agencies.
- 21. Integrated Disaster Management Prepared- ness Response Recovery Mitigation Activities prior toa disaster • Preparedness plans • Emergency exercises • Training, • Warning systems Activities that reduce effects of disasters • Building codes & zoning • Vulnerability analyses • Public education Activities following a disaster. • Temporary housing • Claims processing • Grants • Medical care Activities during a disaster. • Public warning systems • Emergency operations • Search & rescue
- 22. PHASES OF DISASTERMANAGEMENT Disaster Preparedness Disaster impact Disaster Response Rehabilitation Disaster Mitigation
- 23. Disaster Preparedness • Itinvolves measures to ensure that communities and services are capable of coping with the effect of disaster.
- 24. Disaster preparedness Preparedness shouldbe in the form of money, manpower and materials • Evaluation from past experiences about risk • Location of disaster prone areas • Organization of communication, information and warning system • Ensuring co-ordination and response mechanisms • Development of public education programme • Co-ordination with media • National & international relations • Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential commodities.
- 25. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER PREPAREDNESS 1.Community awareness and education 2. Proper warning system 3. Mutual aid arrangement 4. Mock drill, training practice
- 26.
- 27. Disaster Response It involvesmeasures taken in anticipation of, during and immediately after a disaster to ensure that the effects are minimized.
- 28. Disaster response • Epidemiologicsurveillance and disease control • Vaccination • Nutrition
- 29. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER RESPONSE 1.Implementing the disaster management plan 2. Setting up medical camps and mobilizing resources 3. Providing adequate shelter and sanitary facilities 4. Development of search and rescue team
- 30. Disaster Recovery It involvesmeasures, which support emergency affected areas in reconstruction of the physical infrastructure and restoration of economic and emotional well being.
- 31. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER RECOVERY 1.Counseling programme for those who lost the near ones 2. Restoring services like roads, communication link 3. Providing financial support employment 4. Reconstructing damaged buildings
- 32. Rehabilitation phase • Watersupply • Food safety • Basic sanitation and personal hygiene • Vector control
- 33. Disaster mitigation • Thisinvolves lessening the likely effects of emergencies. These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable population and structure. • For examples, improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized. Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction. This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster response activities.
- 34. Prevention and Mitigation •It involves measures to eliminate or reduce the incidence of severity of disasters.
- 35. EXAMPLE FOR PREVENTION ANDMITIGATION 1. Preventing habitation in risk zones 2. Disaster resistant buildings
- 36. DISASTER DRILL A disasterdrill is an exercise in which people simulate the circumstances of a disaster so that they have an opportunity to practice their responses.
- 38.
- 39. Disasters occur invaried forms •Some are predictable in advance •Some are annual or seasonal •Some are sudden and unpredictable Floods Days and weeks Earthquakes Seconds/minutes Cyclones Days Droughts Months
- 40. NATURAL DISASTER • Anatural disaster is a consequence when a natural calamity affects humans and/or the built environment. • Various disasters like earthquake, landslides, volcanic eruptions, flood and cyclones are natural hazards
- 41. MAN MADE DISASTER •Airplane crashes and terrorist attacks are examples of man-made disasters. • they cause pollution, kill people, and damage property.
- 42. Distinction between Hazard andDisaster : “A hazard is a natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is a perceived natural event which threatens both life and property….a disaster is a realization of this hazard…” – John Whittow, Disaster. 1980
- 45. Water and Climaterelated disasters • Floods and Drainage Management • Cyclones • Tornadoes and Hurricanes • Hailstorm • Cloud Burst • Heat Wave and Cold Wave • Snow Avalanches • Droughts • Sea Erosion • Thunder & Lightning • Tsunami
- 46. Geologically related disasters •Landslides and Mudflows • Earthquakes • Dam Failures/ Dam Bursts. • Mine Fires Earthquake
- 47. Chemical, Industrial &Nuclear related disasters • Chemical and Industrial Disasters • Nuclear Disasters
- 48. Accident related disasters •Forest Fires • Urban Fires • Mine Flooding • Oil Spill • Major Building Collapse • Serial Bomb Blasts • Festival related disasters • Electrical Disasters & Fires • Air, Road and Rail Accidents. • Boat Capsizing. • Village Fire
- 49. Biologically related disasters •Biological Disasters and Epidemics • Pest Attacks • Cattle Epidemics • Food Poisoning
- 50. WHY? And WHATabout Man made Disasters?
- 51. Manmade Disasters • Urbanfires • Village fire • Mine fires • Air, road and rail accidents • Boat capsizing • Electrical disasters • Chemical and industrial disasters • Nuclear disasters • Mine flooding • Oil spill • Major building collapse • Serial bomb blasts • Festival related disasters civil strife communal violence internal conflict, “complex emergencies” rapid or slow onset types COMPLEX DISASTERS urbanisation chaotic growth policy disasters war and civil strife Social violence
- 52. THESE ARE THETIMES WHEN EVERYONE HAS TO HELP OUT
- 53. Disaster Preparedness Framework RehearsalsPublic Education andTraining Response Mechanisms Warning Systems Resource Base Information System Institutional Framework PlanningVulnerability Assessment COMPONENTS OF PREPAREDNESS
- 54. Role Players inDisasters • People : Individuals, House -Holds, Volunteers • Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati Secretary, Panchayat Members • Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers, Retired Army & Police Personnel • Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical, Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings, Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public Health, Police, Defence, NGOs
- 56. Earthquakes 57% Cyclones 8% Floods 12% drought 70% Landslides3% Hazard Vulnerability in India One million houses get damaged annually, in addition to human, economic, social, and other losses
- 57. Zone Magnitude Zone VVery High Risk Quakes of Magnitude 8 and greater Zone IV High Risk Quakes upto Magnitude 7.9 Zone III Moderate Risk Quakes upto Magnitude 6.9 Zone II Seismic Disturbances upto Magnitude 4.9 Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 (BIS) SEISMIC ZONING MAP
- 60. Major Disasters inIndia 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy 2001 Gujarat earthquake 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami 2008 Mumbai attacks 2013Uttrakhand floods 2014 J&K floods ..........
- 61. Floods 26 Jul 2005 Tsunami 26Dec 2004 Floods, Assam & Bihar 2004, 2007, 2008, 2012 Earthquake Uttarkashi, Oct 91 & Chamoli, Apr 99 Bhuj, Earthquake, 26 Jan 2001 J&K Avalanche Feb 2005 Earthquake, Latur, 30 Sep 1993 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Bhopal Gas Disaster, Dec 1982 Earthquake, Oct 2005 Floods (AP & Karnataka) 2009 Floods, Uttar Pradesh, 1998, 2005, 2010, 2012, 2013 Cyclone Kutchh, 1998 Cyclone (A.P) 1992 & 1996, 13 Oct 13 Floods, Haryana 1993, 1996, 2013 Cloud burst, 2010 Flashfloods, Uttarakhand & HP - 2013 Major Disasters (1980-2014) Cyclone (Orissa) 29 Oct 1999, 13 Oct 13 3 3 5 1 2 2 Earthquake Sikkim Sep 2011 4 3 4 3 1 Tirupathi Forest Fire, 19 Mar 2014 1
- 62. From 15 to18 June 2013, Indian state of Uttrakhand and adjoining area received heavy rainfall, which was about 375 percent more than the benchmark rainfall during a normal monsoon. 16th and 17th June,2013 The Day of Destruction happened in history of UTTRAKHAND FLOODING IN UTTRAKHAND…
- 63. HUMAN LOSS Accordingto the official records 400 houses were destroyed and 265 were damaged 4,200 villages effected 6,000 people were dead,10,000 injured and 1,00,000 stranded ECONOMIC LOSS 20,000 crores loss Major roads, telephone towers destroyed due, communication lost Tourism loss
- 64. RESCUE AND RELIEFOPERATION The Army, Air Force, Navy, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Border Security Force, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Public Works Department and local administrations worked together for quick rescue operations. Several thousand soldiers were deployed for the rescue missions. Activists of political and social organizations are also involved in the rescue and management of relief centres. Helicopters were used to rescue people, but due to the rough terrain, heavy fog and rainfall, maneuvering them was a challenge. Even the Corporates joined hand to help the people..
- 65. WORKING TOGETHER WECAN REDUCE OUR VULNERABILITIES
- 67. Disaster Nodal Ministry NaturalDisasters Management (other than Drought) Ministry of Home Affairs Drought Relief Ministry of Agriculture Air Accidents Ministry of Civil Aviation Railway Accidents Ministry of Railways Chemical Disasters Ministry of Environment & Forests Biological Disasters Ministry of Health Nuclear Disasters Department of Atomic Energy National Level
- 68. Nodal Agencies forDisaster Management 1. Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC 2. Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department 3. Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department 4. Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 5. Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry 6. Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests 7. Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour 8. Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways 9. Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation 10. Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs 11. Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy 12. Mine Disasters : Department of Mines
- 69. Technological inputs Nodal agenciesfor forecasting and early warning dissemination Disaster Agency Ministry Cyclone India Meteorological Department Earth Sciences Tsunami Indian National Centre for Oceanic Information Services Earth Sciences Earthquake India Meteorological Department Earth Sciences Floods Central Water Commission Water Resources Landslides Geological Survey of India Mines Avalanche DRDO Defence
- 70. NATIONAL LANDMARKS IN DISASTERMANAGEMENT • 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution • Eleventh Schedule and Twelfth Schedule • High Powered Committee (HPC) set up in Aug 99 • Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2002. • Eleventh, Twelfth and Thirteenth Finance Commissions • Tenth and Eleventh Five Year Plans • Disaster Management Act 2005 • National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) • National Policy on Disaster Management
- 71. SALIENT FEATURES DMACT DM STRUCTURE • NDMA set up as the Apex Body with Hon’ble PM as Chairperson. • National Executive Committee (NEC) - Executive Committee of NDMA. At the Centre • Central Ministries will Continue with Nodal Responsibilities. State Level • SDMA at State Level, headed by Chief Minister. • State Executive Committee (SEC), headed by Chief Secretary, will coordinate and monitor implementation of National Policy, National Plan and State Plan.
- 72. SALIENT FEATURES DMACT (contd) District Level • DDMA headed by District Magistrate. • Chairperson of Zila Parishad as Co-Chairperson – interface between Govt. and Public. SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS • National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). • National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM). APPROACH • Paradigm Shift from Response Centric to a Holistic and Integrated Approach. • Backed by – Institutional Framework and Legal Authority. • Supported by Financial Mechanism, Creation of new Funds, i.e., Response Fund and MitigationFund at National, State and District levels.
- 73. Disaster Management Act,2005 #Institutional Mechanism - NDMA, SDMA, DDMA NEC,SEC NDRF # Financial Arrangements- National Disaster Response Fund, State Disaster Response Fund and District Disaster Response Fund National Disaster Mitigation Fund & similar such fund at state and district levels Capacity Building Grant Response Reserve (to be created) # Capacity Development- NIDM Other institutions: Civil Defence Fire Services Home Guards
- 75. 12 NDRF Bns A Specialist Response Force with : -High skill training -State of the art equipments A Multi Disciplinary, multi skilled and high tech Force -for all types of disasters capable of insertion by Air, Sea & Land All NDRF Bns to be equipped and trained for all natural disasters including NBC. Dedicated exclusively for Disaster Response 75 NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE (NDRF)
- 76. Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,Manipur, Meghalaya,Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Sikkim Chhatisgarh, Odisha , East M.P. Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Tamil Nadu, Puduchery, Kerala, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep Maharashtra, Goa Gujarat, Rajasthan, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, West M.P. Punjab, Jammu & Kashmir , H.P. Delhi, Haryana, West U.P., Uttrakhand Bihar, East UP 1st Bn 2nd Bn 3rd Bn 10th Bn 4th Bn 5th Bn 6th Bn 8th Bn 7th Bn 9th Bn Uttarakhand 11th Bn (Proposed) Silchar (Assam) 12th Bn (Proposed) 12th Bn Silchar (Proposed) 4th Bn 11th Bn Haridwar (Proposed) 8th Bn (Bhatinda) (Ghaziabad) (Patna) (Vadodara) (Pune) (Arakonnam) (Vijaywada) (Mundli) (Kolkata) (Guwahati) 76 AREA OF RESPONSIBILTY OF NDRF BNS
- 77. • CSSR (CollapsedStructure Search & Rescue) Operations. • MFR (Medical First Response) • Flood And Mountain Rescue Operations • Deep Diving Search & Rescue • Canine and Technical Search • Specialized manpower (Engineers, Doctors, Technicians, Paramedics, Electricians, etc) CAPABILITIES & STRENGTH OF NDRF Contd.
- 78. • Authorization andpresence of highly specialized equipment. • Expert in international deployment procedures • Training: Basic & Specialized • Refresher Courses : Internal & External • 24x7 Control room in all Bns and HQ NDRF (New Delhi) • Mock Exercises related with movement of teams in case of disasters. 78
- 79. INFLATABLE BOAT CAPACITY: 08PERSONS FRP BOAT CAPACITY – 16 PERSONS DEEP DIVING EQUIPMENT SETPORTABLE SHELTER
- 80. COLLAPSE STRUCTURE SEARCH &RESCUE (CSSR) FLOOD WATER RESCUE & SWIMMING. TRG IN OPERATION OF MOTORIZED BOAT. TRG. IN DEEP WATER DIVING. TRG. IN SLITHERING. CANINE TRAINING. MEDICAL FIRST RESPONDER (MFR) NBC FIRST RESPONDER TRAINING 80 TRAINING/COURSES
- 81. • Basic floodwater rescue training at unit level. • Advance flood water rescue & relief training at RLSS, Kolkata and Sea Explorers Institute, Kolkata.
- 82. ROLE OF ARMEDFORCES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- 83. Suitability for DisasterOperations Resources Command & Control Organisation Cohesion Communications Mobility Logistics Military Leadership • Response Status - Second Responder. • In Principle - Last In, First Out. • Always prepared and first to respond.
- 84. About DCMG • Promulgatedby MoD in May 2005. • Chief of Staffs Committee Joint Directive on Disaster Management issued in Mar 10. • Mandate. • Deal with crises like terrorist outrages, war and international situations, man-made / natural / CBRN disasters, cyber terrorism etc. • Operations Branch, HQ IDS interacts with NDMA and other Nodal Ministries on behalf of Service HQs & CoSC. • Integrated & coordinated response of Armed Forces during crisis / disaster situations. • Notification / De-notification of DCMG • MoD (JS (G/Air) on approval from Def Secy). • By CISC in consultation with Chairman CoSC.
- 85. Composition of DCMG ChairmanChief of Integrated Defence Staff, HQ IDS Members DCIDS (Ops), HQ IDS DG DIA, HQ IDS DG MO, IHQ of MoD (Army) DG NO, IHQ of MoD (Navy) DG Air Ops, Air HQ (Vayu Bhawan) DCIDS (Med), HQ IDS ACIDS (Jt Ops), HQ IDS JS (G/Air), MoD JS (O/N), MoD Secretary DACIDS (Op Lgs), HQ IDS Additional members include Jt Secy of relevant Ministries, Resident Commissioners of affected States / UTs, reps of NDMA / NDRF on required basis
- 86. Uttarkashi Kedarnath Badrinath Chamoli Gangotri Gaurikund Bageshwar Pithoragarh Rudraprayag Champawat Meerut Pauri Nainital Tehri Haridwar Almora Udham SinghNagar Joshimath Gupt Kashi Muzaffarnagar Uttarakhand Flash Floods - Jun 2013 Dehradun Dharasu Hanuman Chatti •Formation breaches - 32.5 kms cumulative. •Landslides - 8.0 kms cumulative. •220 all types of bridges including 14 big bridges damaged / washed away. One of the biggest rescue and relief operation undertaken by the Armed Forces. More than one lakh people evacuated by road and air. • 40,000 Sq Km area, altitude > 10,000 ft. • 70,000 tourists & 100,000 locals affected. All 13 districts (1600 villages) affected. 680 people died, 4117 missing (presumably dead), 2000 houses damaged. 8800 livestock lost. Kedarnath Before After
- 87. Uttarkashi Kedarnath Badrinath ChamoliDehradun Gangotri Gaurikund Bageshwar Pithoragarh Rudraprayag Champawat Meerut Pauri Nainital Tehri Haridwar Almora Udham SinghNagar Joshimath Gupt Kashi Dharasu Hanuman Chatti Muzaffarnagar Ranikhet Lansdowne The Effort Dharchula Army 8500 troops deployed, 14 heptrs of Army Aviation flew 730 sorties, approx 45,500 people rescued, BRO employed 125 plant equipment Navy Two MARCO diving teams AF 45 Heptrs and 13 aircraft / 3700 Sorties 895 Tons airlifted / 24260 stranded people air evacuated More than 100,000 people rescued / evacuated on foot / tracks / roads in 14 days •Medical Teams - 24 •Psy Spl Team - 02 •SHO Team - 01 •Medical Bricks - 238
- 88. Army 12 Army Columns,each with Medical Team, One Engr Task Force, MH Navy Ships, Diving Teams, Heptrs and Transport aircraft AF Heptrs and Transport aircraft Cyclone PHAILIN - Oct 2013 Odisha & Andhra Pradesh
- 89. • Army. 10composite columns deployed in Machlipatnam, Vizag, Kakinada, Elluru & Rajamundhary. • Navy. Assets prepared to operate ex- Vizag including Ships, Diving Teams, Heptrs and ACs. • AF. Heptrs positioned at Vizag and other assets kept stand-by ex-Sec’bad & Bangalore / Yelankah. • CG. Assets all along Eastern Coast. Cyclone LEHAR - Nov 2013
- 90. •Input received inAN on 19 Mar. •Army. Two columns moved ex Chennai. •Navy. One fire fighting team and one Chetak heptr. •Air Force. One C-130J, two MI-17V5 & one Chetak heptr. Bambi buckets used to douse fire. 42 sorties flown over two days. •Operations completed on 21 Mar. Forest Fire Mar 2014 - Tirupathi
- 91. • 15 Tonmaterial dispatched by one C-130 Super Hercules. • MsRE, tarpaulins, tentage, blankets and life saving medical care stores. Cyclone HAIYAN (Philippines) - Nov 2013 Tacloban 5,000 feared dead, 11 Million affected
- 92. •SAR operations from12 Mar. •4-5 surface vessels and 5-6 sorties per day in Indian Search Rescue Region. •20-23 Mar. One C-130J & one P-8i participated in MNF SAR ops ex Subang Airfield, Kaula Lumpur. Malaysian Airliner MH370 - Mar 2014 239 People on board (incl 12 crew, 151 Chinese and 5 Indians) P8-I conducting SAR Sortie on 23 Mar 14 C-130J conducting SAR Sortie on 23 Mar 14 The High Commissioner received the crews after their sortie on 23 Mar 14 The High Commissioner and Brig Gen Manaf, the RMAF Base Commander with crews and the DA
- 93. Indian Army inJ&K Floods 2014
- 95. Role of educationand schools • Promoting and enabling Disaster Risk Reduction • focus on disaster risk education in primary and secondary schools • to raise awareness and provide understanding of disaster management for children, teachers and communities. • structural changes to improve safety in building schools to protect children and their access to education, but also minimise long term costs. • students of all ages can actively study and participate in school safety measures
- 96. Role of educationand schools • Students can work with teachers and other adults in the community towards minimising risk before, during and after disaster events. • Methods of participatory vulnerability assessment, capacity assessment and hazard mapping have been be used with broader communities, schools and other institutions. • Government can effectively reach out to communities and protect them by focusing on schools in DRR initiatives to achieve greater resilience to disasters.
- 99.