Docker Introduction
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This document provides an introduction to Docker and discusses: - The challenges of managing applications across different environments which Docker aims to solve through lightweight containers. - An overview of Docker concepts including images, containers, the Docker workflow and networking. - How Docker Compose allows defining and running multi-container applications and Docker Swarm enables orchestrating containers across a cluster. - The open container ecosystem including the Open Container Initiative for standardization.
Docker Introduction
- 1. Introduction to Docker Peng Xiao GitHub: xiaopeng163 Network Consulting Engineer Cisco Systems
- 2. Contents • The Metrix from Hell • What is Container/Docker? • Docker Basic Usage • Docker Networking Deep Dive • Docker Compose • Docker Swarm • Ecosystem and Standardization
- 3. Static website Web frontend User DB Queue Analytics DB Background workers API endpoint nginx 1.5 + modsecurity + openssl + bootstrap 2 postgresql + pgv8 + v8 hadoop + hive + thrift + OpenJDK Ruby + Rails + sass + Unicorn Redis + redis-sentinel Python 3.0 + celery + pyredis + libcurl + ffmpeg + libopencv + nodejs + phantomjs Python 2.7 + Flask + pyredis + celery + psycopg + postgresql-client DevelopmentVM QA server Public Cloud Disaster recovery Contributor’s laptop Production Servers The ChallengeMultiplicity of Stacks Multiplicity of hardware environments Production Cluster Customer Data Center Do services and apps interact appropriately? Can I migrate smoothly and quickly?
- 4. The Matrix From Hell Static website Web frontend Background workers User DB Analytics DB Queue Developmen t VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contributor’ s laptop Customer Servers ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
- 5. Static website Web frontendUser DB Queue Analytics DB Development VM QA server Public Cloud Contributor’s laptop Docker is a shipping container system for code Multiplicity of Stacks Multiplicity of hardware environments Production Cluster Customer Data Center Do services and apps interact appropriately? Can I migrate smoothly and quickly …that can be manipulated using standard operations and run consistently on virtually any hardware platform An engine that enables any payload to be encapsulated as a lightweight, portable, self-sufficient container…
- 6. Static website Web frontend Background workers User DB Analytics DB Queue Developmen t VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contributor’ s laptop Customer Servers Docker eliminates the matrix from Hell
- 7. Why Developers Care • Build once…(finally) run anywhere* • A clean, safe, hygienic and portable runtime environment for your app. • No worries about missing dependencies, packages and other pain points during subsequent deployments. • Run each app in its own isolated container, so you can run various versions of libraries and other dependencies for each app without worrying • Automate testing, integration, packaging…anything you can script • Reduce/eliminate concerns about compatibility on different platforms, either your own or your customers. • Cheap, zero-penalty containers to deploy services? A VM without the overhead of a VM? Instant replay and reset of image snapshots? That’s the power of Docker * With the 0.7 release, we support any x86 server running a modern Linux kernel (3.2+ generally. 2.6.32+ for RHEL 6.5+, Fedora, & related)
- 8. Why Devops Cares? • Configure once…run anything • Make the entire lifecycle more efficient, consistent, and repeatable • Increase the quality of code produced by developers. • Eliminate inconsistencies between development, test, production, and customer environments • Support segregation of duties • Significantly improves the speed and reliability of continuous deployment and continuous integration systems • Because the containers are so lightweight, address significant performance, costs, deployment, and portability issues normally associated with VMs
- 9. Contents • The Metrix from Hell •What is Container/Docker? • Docker Basic Usage • Docker Networking Deep Dive • Docker Compose • Docker Swarm • Ecosystem and Standardization
- 10. Container History http://kiwenlau.blogspot.com/2015/01/linux-container-technology-overview.html Docker is nothing new, it just show in the right time
- 13. Docker Inside
- 14. Docker Inside (Deep Dive) • A Deep Dive Into Linux Containers For Engineers Interested In The Gritty Details. http://docker-saigon.github.io/post/Docker-Internals/ • Cgroups, namespaces, and beyond: what are containers made from? (DockerCon Europe 2015) https://goo.gl/25KtpZ
- 15. Contents • The Metrix from Hell • What is Container/Docker? •Docker Basic Usage • Docker Networking Deep Dive • Docker Compose • Docker Swarm • Ecosystem and Standardization
- 16. Docker Engine • Docker Daemon + REST(ish) API • Docker Client (CLI) talks to the API • Daemon manages the Docker containers • Start it with: docker –d • docker version to test if docker is setup correctly • Docker Engine (Linux, Mac, Windows) • https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/
- 18. Docker Machine • Machine makes it really easy to create Docker hosts on your computer, on cloud providers and inside your own data center. It creates servers, installs Docker on them, then configures the Docker client to talk to them. • Drivers exist for: • AWS • DigitalOcean • Azure • Google Compute Engine • Rackspace • OpenStack • Virtualbox • VMWare Fusion • VMWare vSphere • Hyperv
- 19. Docker Images vs Containers • Images: About storing or moving your app • Containers: About running your app https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/storagedriver/imagesandcontainers/
- 22. Dockerfile Create a Dockerfile Build a image https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/
- 23. Docker Container • Create and start a container • Inside of the container
- 24. Docker Container • Stop and remove a container http://docker-k8s-lab.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docker/docker-cli.html
- 25. Contents • The Metrix from Hell • What is Container/Docker? • Docker Basic Usage •Docker Networking Deep Dive • Docker Compose • Docker Swarm • Ecosystem and Standardization
- 28. CNM Drivers
- 29. Demo: Docker Bridge Network • http://docker-k8s-lab.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docker/bridged- network.html
- 30. Docker Multi-Host Networking • Tunnel • Docker build-in overlay network: VXLAN • OVS: VXLAN or GRE • Flannel: VXLAN or UDP • Weave: VXLAN or UDP • Routing • Calico: Layer 3 routing based on BGP • Contiv: Layer 3 routing based on BGP http://blog.dataman-inc.com/shurenyun-docker-133/
- 31. Lab A: Overlay Multi-Host Networking with OVS • http://docker-k8s-lab.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docker/docker- ovs.html Linux bridge docker0 br-int gre0 eth0 eth0 eth0 Host 1 Docker Container 2Container 1 Open vSwitch Linux bridge docker0 br-intgre0 eth0 eth0 eth0 Host 2 Docker Container 2Container 1 Open vSwitch GRE tunnel
- 32. Lab B:Multi-Host Overlay Networking with Etcd • http://docker-k8s-lab.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docker/docker- etcd.html
- 34. Contents • The Metrix from Hell • What is Container/Docker? • Docker Basic Usage • Docker Networking Deep Dive •Docker Compose • Docker Swarm • Ecosystem and Standardization
- 36. Demo: Docker Compose • Example Voting App • https://github.com/DaoCloud/example-voting-app • Guide: • http://docker-k8s-lab.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docker/docker-compose.html
- 37. Contents • The Metrix from Hell • What is Container/Docker? • Docker Basic Usage • Docker Networking Deep Dive • Docker Compose •Docker Swarm • Ecosystem and Standardization
- 43. Demo: Docker Swarm • Docker Swarm with Load Balancing and Scaling • http://docker-k8s-lab.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docker/docker-swarm-lb- scale.html • Multi-Services issue • https://github.com/docker/compose/issues/3656
- 44. Contents • The Metrix from Hell • What is Container/Docker? • Docker Basic Usage • Docker Networking Deep Dive • Docker Compose • Docker Swarm •Ecosystem and Standardization
- 46. Open Container Initiative (OCI) • A Linux Foundation Collaborative Project • Free from control by any particular vendor’s specfic cloud stack or ecosystem • Includes: • Container runtime specification -> runc • Image format specification http://www.slideshare.net/PhilEstes/runc-the-little-engine-that-could-run-docker-containers https://www.opencontainers.org/ https://github.com/opencontainers
- 47. Container Networking • Container Network Model (CNM) by Docker • Adopted by Docker libnetwork, Cisco Contiv, Kuryr, OVN, Project Calico, Vmware, Vwave • Container Network Interface(CNI) by CoreOS • Adopted by kuberntes, Kurma, rkt, Apache Mesos, Clould Foundry, Cisco Contiv, Project Calico and Weave. http://thenewstack.io/container-networking-landscape-cni-coreos-cnm-docker/ https://github.com/containernetworking
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