Doubled sided revision poster
- 1. The Carbon Cycle Keywords: Osmosis, Diffusion, Starch, Chloroplast, Vacuole, Cell wall, Nuclues, Biomass Cytoplasm Chloroplast Vacuole Nucleus Cell Membrane Cell Wall Used in lungs O2 diffuses into the blood and CO2 diffuses into lungs A cell nucleus Osmosis contains 46 Chromosomes, which carry genes. Different versions of genes are called alleles. Plant Nutrients The movement of water from a dilute solution Nitrates-to make proteins (lots of water) to a concentrated solution (less Magnesium-to make chlorophyll Pyramids of Biomass water) through a partially permeable membrane. Owls Show amount of Photosynthesis Stored as starch material at each stage Blackbirds Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen Caterpillars Light and chlorophyll are Oak tree also needed Pyramids of numbers show the number of organisms at each level not always a pyramid shape Leaves Always a pyramid shape 3 Limiting factors -light as… Waxy cuticle-keeps water -temperature in -some is used for respiration to -CO2 Palisade layer-cells contain move/grow lots of chloroplasts to At first as CO2 capture light -some is lost as heat increases so does photosynthesis Stomata on lower surface -some material is not but only up to a certain point to allow gases in/out digested Here light or temperature is the Spongy mesophyll layer has -some is lost as faeces limiting factor. air spaces to allow gases to move between cells Keywords: Allele, Dominant, Recessive, Mitosis, Meiosis, Insulin, Pancreas, Enzyme, Substrate, Active Site, Denatured, pH
- 2. 1) 2) 3) Controlling Blood Sugar Glucose Temperature Insulin produced Controlled by the rises (eat by the pancreas Monitored by pancreas, diabetics do not food) causes glucose to thermoregulatory produce enough insulin change to centre in brain and Enzymes –biological catalysts Treatments glycogen receptors in skin. that speed up reactions Injections or monitoring diet Normal Normal e.g. respiration in the blood blood Too Hot mitochondria Enzymes have an optimum glucose glucose -hair lies flat temperature and pH. level Glucagon released 1) Enzyme and substrate level. -blood vessels Changes in pH/temp can and glycogen 2)Substrate binds to active site denature the enzyme so its converted back to dilate so heat lost Glucose through skin shape changes and the glucose 3) Substrate is broken down falls substrate can’t bind to the -sweat produced (exercise) active site Inheritance- Parents who are both carriers of Too Cold Uses of Enzymes the Cystic fibrosis allele (c). -goosebumps & -Biological washing powders Parents Cc x Cc hairs trap air -In baby foods Gametes C or c x C or c -blood vessels constrict -In slimming foods- fructose is (egg/sperm) C c made using isomerases. -no sweat Possible Outcomes C CC Cc Fructose is sweeter than -shiver, respiration glucose so less is needed. 75% Normal c Cc cc releases heat 25% sufferers Enzymes and digestion Meiosis –used to Large molecules are broken down so they make the sex can be absorbed. Mitosis-used for cells (gametes) -Amylase breaks down starch into sugars in normal cell -the chromosomes Cystic Fibrosis the mouth and small intestine. growth are copied -Proteases breakdown proteins into amino Caused by recessive allele (so 1) Parent cell -cell divides twice acids in the stomach and small intestine. two copies of allele are 2) Chromosomes make to give four cells -Lipases breakdown fats into fatty acids and needed). identical copies of themselves A thick sticky mucus is glycerol in the small intestine. 3)They line up along produced affecting air passages the centre and digestive systems 4) They move apart Starch glucose Huntingtons-Caused by dominant 5)Two daughter cells allele (so only one of allele are form each with needed). Affects nervous 46 identical system, shaking, erratic chromosomes to 46=chromosomes in normal cell movements and mental the parent cell 23=chromosomes in sex cells deterioration