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Test Bank for Management Information Systems,
10th Edition: Obrien
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1
Student:
1. Having a basic understanding of information systems is good, but not nearly as important as
understanding other functional business areas.
True False
2. Information technology can help all kinds of businesses improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their
business processes and managerial decision making.
True False
3. Maintenance is one of the key activities in the development and management of a business information
system.
True False
4. One system can be made up of other systems or can be a part of a bigger system.
True False
5. Smoke signals and library card catalogs are examples of an information system.
True False
6. Sew What? attributes their outstanding growth to Web-driven sales.
True False
7. The term "information technology" refers to all of the components and resources necessary to deliver the
information and functions of a system to an organization.
True False
8. An information system can use hardware as simple as a pencil and paper to capture and store its data.
True False
9. Gaining a strategic advantage over competition requires the innovative application of information
technologies.
True False
10. Integration of business systems allows greater flexibility and provides greater business support than any
of the individual systems could provide alone.
True False
11. Most retail stores now use computer-based information systems to keep track of inventory, but few use
them to evaluate sales trends.
True False
12. Decision support systems (DSS) provide managerial end users with ad hoc and interactive support of their
decision-making processes.
True False
13. Expert systems can serve as consultants to users by providing expert advice in limited subject areas.
True False
14. An extranet is an Internet-like network inside the enterprise; an intranet is between the enterprise and its
trading partners.

True False
15. Enterprise collaboration systems involve the use of software tools to support e-commerce functions with
customers and suppliers.
True False

True False
16. A process control system is an example of an operation support system that records and processes data
resulting from business transactions.
True False
17. In real-time processing, data are processed immediately after a transaction occurs.
True False
18. Management information systems (MIS) provide information in the form of reports and displays.
True False
19. An information system that supports accounting is an example of a functional business system.
True False
20. Information systems that focus on operational and managerial applications in support of basic business
functions, such as accounting, are known as strategic information systems.
True False
21. An expert system can provide advice for operational chores, such as equipment diagnostics or loan
portfolio management.
True False
22. Mismanagement or misapplication of information systems can ultimately result in business failure.
True False
23. A large-scale movement to outsource basic software programming functions to India, the Middle East,
and Asia-Pacific countries has resulted because U.S. programmers have been inadequately trained.
True False
24. Falling prices of computer hardware and software should continue to induce more businesses to expand
their computerized operations.
True False
25. Increased importance placed on cyber-security will reduce the need for workers skilled in information
security.
True False
26. The human body and an oil refinery can both be classified as systems.
True False
27. In order for something to be classified as a "system", a computerized environment must be involved.
True False
28. A home temperature control system is an example of a cybernetic system.
True False
29. A sales manager exercises control when reassigning salespersons to new territories after evaluating
feedback about their sales performance.
True False
30. An organization is considered an open system when it interfaces and interacts with other systems in its
environment.
True False
31. Multiple systems never share an environment; each has its own.
True False
32. Information systems are just like any other system, but their value to the modern organization is unlike
any other system ever created.

True False
33. Anyone who uses an information system or the information it produces can be referred to as an end
user.
True False
34. Most end users in business are referred to as knowledge workers, people who spend most of their time
communicating, collaborating, and creating, using, and distributing information.
True False
35. Optical disks and plastic cards are examples of hardware resources, but paper forms are not.
True False
36. In the context of the information systems model, computer peripherals typically consist of hardware
devices, such as keyboards, and productivity tools, such as word processing software.
True False
37. In the context of the information systems model, data resources are typically organized as databases and
expert systems.
True False
38. In the context of the information systems model, information is subjected to a "value-added" process that
converts it to data that meet the needs of end users.
True False
39. Data can be thought of as context independent. This means that a list of numbers or name by themselves
do not provide an understanding of the context in which they were recorded.
True False
40. Data are raw facts or observations, typically about physical phenomena or business transactions.
True False
41. In information systems activities, the processing of data resources typically takes the form of data entry
activities.
True False
42. In information systems activities, a user interface commonly refers to a more convenient and efficient
method of end-user input and output with a computer system.
True False
43. Calculating employees' pay, federal taxes, and other payroll deductions is a business example of a
computerized processing activity.
True False
44. After data has been entered into a computerized information system, it is usually not necessary to correct
or update it. That is the benefit of a computerized system—once entered, always correct.
True False
45. According to the Real World case, JetBlue's employees do not need training to utilize the computerized
reservation system.
True False
46. According to the Real World case, although the Veterans Administration suffered a systems failure in
September 1997 that affected 17 VA facilities, there was never any threat to patient safety.
True False
47. According to the Real World case, the September 2007 system failure at the 17 Veterans Administration
facilities severely interfered with the normal operations, inpatient and outpatient care, pharmacy, and
access to electronic patient records.

48. Information technology can be used to support .
A. product development teams
B. customer support processes
C. any other business activity
D. All the choices are correct.
49. In its simplest form, a system consists of all the following except:
A. A group of cooperative users
B. A set of interrelated components
C. A clearly defined boundary
D. A common set of objectives
50. According to the Real World case, eCourier embraced technology by:
A. Doing the same things that all their competitors were doing successfully.
B. Installing a new computerized bar-scanning system for packages.
C. Enabling a new telephone system for customers.
D. Giving all their couriers handheld GPS units for tracking and communication.
51. According to the Real World case, eCourier uses SeeWhy software to:
A. Track packages that have not been delivered.
B. Provide business intelligence in terms of customer satisfaction.
C. Interface with their accounting software.
D. All of the above.
52. According to the Real World Case, the goal of Bryan Cave is:
A. To have the best value for their customers.
B. To create increased profit per customer.
C. To build the best long-term relationships in the world.
D. All the above.
53. According to the Real World Case, the Bryan Cave law firm had difficulty billing its real estate
customers because:
A. The developers could not afford their rates.
B. Developers think in terms of square feet, not hours worked.
C. Their lawyers did not understand the real estate profession.
D. None of the above.
54. According to the Real World Case, the big problem facing the Bryan Cave law firm in 2002 was:
A. Communications between all their lawyers and offices.
B. Dealing with the differences in laws around the world.
C. Billing their clients correctly.
D. Making the highest profits from their resources while delivering the highest customer value.
55. All the following are examples of an information system, except:
A. A day planner
B. A cash register
C. A group of marbles in a box
D. A paper-based accounting ledger
56. According to the text, most retail stores today use computer-based information systems to support
business processes and operations. This support falls broadly into the categories of:
A. Business decisions and strategies for competitive advantage.
B. Operations and support strategies.
C. Business decisions and operations.
D. Strategic business decisions and tactical business decisions.

57. How do information systems aid in decision making?
A. Information systems help companies determine investments.
B. Information systems help companies determine which products to sell or discontinue.
C. Information systems can be used to gain competitive advantage.
D. All of the choices are correct.
58. All of the following are fundamental reasons for business applications of information technology
except:
A. Support of strategies for competitive advantage
B. Support of business processes and operations
C. Compliance with environmental regulations
D. Decision making support
59. According to the textbook case, Welch's uses BI software from Oco to:
A. manage their gasoline usage.
B. decide which products should be produced.
C. ensure that its carriers are shipping full truckloads to customers.
D. follow new competitive trends from its competitors.
60. According to the textbook case, the Oco BI software used by Welch's:
A. increases the number of deliveries made on Fridays.
B. assures that most deliveries are not made on Fridays.
C. assures that most deliveries are made on Fridays.
D. helps them even out the number of delivery trucks used each day of the week.
61. The expanding role of information systems from the 1950s to the present, in sequential order, are:
A.Management reporting, decision support, electronic business and commerce, data processing, strategic
and end user support
B.Data processing, management reporting, strategic and end user support, electronic business and
commerce, decision support
C.Data processing, management reporting, decision support, strategic and end user support, electronic
business and commerce
D.Electronic business and commerce, management reporting, data processing, strategic and end user
support, decision support
62. The rapid development of microcomputer processing power, application software packages, and
telecommunications networks gave birth to the phenomenon of .
A. manufacturer-to-public direct sales
B. MIS departments
C. end user computing
D. electronic monitoring
63. Which of the following is a false statement?
A. Today's information systems are doing the same basic things that they did over 40 years ago.
B. Today there is a much higher level of integration of system functions.
C. Today there is greater connectivity across dissimilar system components.
D. None of the statements is false.
64. Companies generally rely on e-business applications to do all of the following except:
A. Re-engineer internal business processes
B. Implement electronic commerce systems
C. Monitor employee productivity
D. Promote enterprise collaboration among business teams and workgroups
65. In an e-business enterprise, an intranet refers to:
A. An Internet-like network inside the enterprise
B. A network between an enterprise and its trading partners
C. A network between the members of a single workgroup

66. E-business uses Internet technologies to work and empower .
A. business processes
B. electronic commerce
C. collaboration among business teams
67. E-commerce .
A.involves buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products, services, and information over a variety
of computer networks
Buses the Internet, intranets, and extranets to support every step of the commercial process, such as
. multimedia advertising, product information, and customer support
C. involves Internet security and payment mechanisms that ensure completion of delivery and payment
processes
68. The text classifies information systems as either operations or management support information systems.
Which one of the following would not be classified as an operations support system?
A. Transaction processing systems
B. Process control systems
C. Enterprise collaboration systems
D. Decision support systems
69. Electronic commerce systems generally include all of the following except:
A. Internet websites for online sales
B. Direct links to credit reporting services
C. Extranet access of inventory databases
D. Intranets that allow sales reps to access customer records
70. Process control systems monitor and control processes.
A. physical
B. transactional
C. inter-departmental
D. mechanical
71. A nuclear power plant uses electronic sensors linked to computers to continually monitor processes and
make instant (real-time) adjustments that control the power generation process. This is an example of a(n)
.
A. transaction processing system
B. decision support system
C. enterprise collaboration system
D. process control system
72. When employees in a project team use email to send and receive messages and use video conferences to
hold electronic meetings and coordinate their activities, they are using .
A. transaction processing systems
B. process control systems
C. enterprise collaboration systems
D. decision support systems
73. A database of customer purchases that provides end-user managers with interactive and ad hoc decision-
making support is referred to as .
A. a transaction processing system
B. a decision support system
C. an information reporting system
D. an executive information system

74. A production manager needs a system to help determine how much product to manufacture based on the
expected sales associated with a future promotion, plus the location and availability of the raw materials
necessary to manufacture the product. What type of system would meet this manager's needs?
A. Transaction processing system
B. Process control system
C. Enterprise collaboration system
D. Decision support system
75. When information system applications focus on providing information and support for effective decision
making by managers, they are called support systems.
A. decision
B. management
C. collaboration
D. process
76. An information system that supports the business functions of accounting, finance, human resource
management, marketing, or operations would be classified as a(n) system.
A. functional business
B. executive information
C. management information
D. decision support
77. Information systems that focus on operational and managerial applications in support of basic business
functions, such as accounting or marketing, are known as .
A. functional business systems B.
strategic information systems C.
executive information systems
D. knowledge management systems
78. Most information systems are designed to .
A. produce information and support decision making
B. handle record-keeping
C. handle transaction processing chores
79. Executive information systems (EIS) are tailored to meet the strategic information needs of which of the
following management levels?
A. Top management (strategic)
B. Middle management (tactical)
C. Lower management (operational)
80. Business applications of information systems are typically combinations of several types of information
systems. This integration is referred to as systems.
A. information reporting
B. decision support
C. cross-functional informational
D. end user computing
81. Success in today's dynamic business environment depends heavily on maximizing the use of Internet-
based technologies and Web-enabled information systems to meet the competitive requirements of
.
A. customers
B. suppliers
C. business partners

82. A functional business system supports all of the following types of applications except:
A. Accounting
B. Customer problem resolution
C. Marketing
D. Human resource management
83. Which of the following systems acts as a consultant to users?
A. Knowledge
B. Integrated information
C. Executive information
D. Expert
84. According to the textbook case on responsibility and accountability, even if a project is not an IT project,
who is held responsible for optimizing returns on IT-related investments?
A. CEO
B. CFO
C. COO
D. CIO
85. According to the textbook case on responsibility and accountability:
A. IT is always 100% responsible for any large project involving information technology.
B. IT is never 100% responsible for any large project involving information technology.
C. IT is sometimes 100% responsible for any large project involving information technology.
D. None of the above is correct.
86. Developing an information system solution involves all of the following steps except:
A. Investigation
B. Implementation
C. Redesign
D. Maintenance
87. Computer-based information systems are usually conceived, designed, and implemented using some form
of systematic development process. The investigation stage includes .
A. determining the economic or technical feasibility of a proposed application
B. acquiring and learning how to use the necessary software
C. improving the system
88. Developing information system solutions to business problems in an organization is the responsibility of
.
A. information system specialists
B. computer programmers
C. systems analysts
D. all information system users within the organization
89. When applying a systematic development process for computer-based information systems,
would be part of the analysis phase.
A. determining the business requirements of the system
C. implementing a trial system
D. obtaining feedback from end users of the system
90. According to the text, the steps of developing an information system, in their proper order, are:
A. Investigate, analyze, implement, design, maintain
B. Investigate, design, analyze, implement, maintain
C. Maintain, implement, design, analyze, investigate
D. Investigate, analyze, design, implement, maintain

91. In the lawsuit filed against Hannaford Brothers, which of the following was not alleged as a reason for
filing the suit?
A. Hannaford has installed inadequate security measures.
B. Hannaford did not disclose the security breach to the public quickly enough.
C. Hannaford sold the data to spammers.
92. The information systems function is equally as important to business success as the function of
.
A. accounting
B. operations management
C. human resources management
93. In the information systems concept, the processing function involves:
A. Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed
B. Transformation processes that convert input into output
C. Transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate
destination
D. Monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement
of its goal
94. According to the Real World case about the New York Times, the newspaper industry is in very deep
trouble. What has become most important to them?
A. Business model innovation
B. Internet connectivity
C. Technological innovation
D. Communication initiatives
95. If a system is one of the components of a larger system, it is considered a(n) .
A. environment
B. feedback loop
C. subsystem
D. interface
96. A system that can change itself or its environment in order to survive is system.
A. a control
B. a self-monitoring
C. an environmental
D. an adaptive
97. Organizations are examples of systems because they interface and interact with other
systems in their environment.
A. linked
B. open
C. dependent
D. parallel
98. The majority of organizations today would be classified as systems.
A. open
B. closed
C. open adaptive
D. closed adaptive

99. An information system depends on all of the following resources except:
A. Hardware
B. Software
C. People
D. Networks
E. Time
100.All of the following would be considered a hardware resource except:
A. A microcomputer
B. A keyboard
C. Magnetic and optical disks
D. Programs and procedures
101.All of the following would be considered a software resource in an information system except:
A. A computer operating system
B. A word processing software package
C. A telecommunication network
D. All of the choices are software resources.
102.In an information system context, which one of the following would be the most applicable description of
application software?
A. It controls and supports the operations of a computer
B. It consists of programs that direct particular processing activities
C. It consists of operating instructions for people who will use an information system
D. None of the choices are correct.
103.In an information system, alphanumeric data normally takes the form of .
A. numbers and alphabetical characters
B. sentences and paragraphs
C. graphic shapes and figures
104.In an information system, image data normally takes the form of .
A. numbers and alphabetical characters
B. sentences and paragraphs
C. graphic shapes and figures
D. voice and other sounds
105.All of the following are good examples of information except:
A. The social security number of the company's forklift operator
B. The retail price of blue widgets
C. How much the company owes to vender number 17
D. The numbers 1236789, 349875, and 340977
106.Telecommunications networks consist of .
A. computers, the Internet, intranets, and extranets
B. communications processors
C. devices interconnected by communication media and controlled by communications software
107.All of the following normally happens to data during a value-added process except:
A. Their useful life is determined
B. Their form is aggregated, manipulated, and organized
C. Their content is analyzed and evaluated
D. They are placed in a proper context for a human user

108.All of the following are considered computer hardware technology except:
A. Operating system software
B. Microcomputers
C. Keyboards
D. Printers
109.Which of the following is an example of control of an information system's performance?
A. A system malfunction wiped out two weeks of student registration records
B. Programmers created a user friendly input screen for a new system
C. Subtotals do not add up to total sales; IT staff investigates whether data entry or processing is the
problem
D. An extra $20 was added to every water bill by mistake
110.The original, formal record of a transaction is called the:
A. Updated form
B. Paper form
C. Transaction document
D. Source document
111.The source document is:
A. The form of a document after its final update
B. A transaction document that refers to the source of the product
C. The original, formal record of a transaction
D. The first update to any transaction
112.Sew What?'s information system allows the firm to .
A. provide a web site that accounts for nearly all their recent growth
B. manage the business and provide outstanding customer support
C. gain recognition and provide credibility to the general public
113.An system is an organized combination of people, hardware, software,
telecommunications networks, and data resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information
in an organization.
114.With a strategic information system (SIS), information technology becomes an integral part of business
processes, products, and .
115. is defined as the use of Internet technologies to work and empower business
processes, electronic commerce, and enterprise collaboration within a company and with its customers,
suppliers, and other business stakeholders.
116.Enterprise collaboration systems use software tools to support
networked teams and workgroups.
among the members of
117.During the 1980s and 1990s, information technology helped companies gain a competitive advantage in
the global marketplace. This is referred to as the information systems concept.
118.A team uses a corporate intranet and the Internet for electronic mail,
videoconferencing, electronic discussion groups, and Web pages of work-in-progress information to
collaborate on business projects.

119.Electronic is the buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products, services, and
information over a variety of computer networks.
120.Types of information systems are generally classified as either operations information systems or
information systems.
121.Marketing and selling books to consumers over the Internet is an example of
commerce.
122.A system that controls the industrial processes of an organization would be classified as a(n)
support system.
123.Transaction processing systems process transactions in two basic ways,
real-time.
processing or
124.When a manager uses an interactive, computer-based information system to assist in his/her decision
making, the manager is using a support system.
125.A system that provides pre-specified reports for the managers of an organization would be classified as a
system.
126.Enterprise collaboration systems enhance team and workgroup communication and productivity, and
include applications that are sometimes called office systems.
127.The goal of knowledge management systems (KMS) is to help knowledge workers create, organize, and
important business knowledge wherever and whenever it is needed.
128.The success of an information system should be measured by both its efficiency and its
.
129.The design of an information system application is based on an
requirements of an organization.
of the business
130.As a manager, you must be aware of what uses of information technology might be considered improper,
irresponsible, or harmful to individuals or to society. This dimension of the use of information technology
is referred to in the text as an responsibility.
131.A manufacturing system accepts raw materials as input and produces finished goods as output. An
information system accepts data as input and processes them into as output.
132.A system with feedback and functions is sometimes called a cybernetic system.
133.The
system.
component in a cybernetic system refers to the data about the performance of the

134. is data about the performance of a system.
135. involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is
moving toward the achievement of its goal.
136.People, hardware, software,
systems.
, and networks are the five basic resources of information
137.Information processing consists of the system activities of input, processing, output, ,
and control.
138.In the context of the information system model, software resources include the sets of operating
instructions called , which direct and control computer hardware.
139.In the context of the information systems model, are the operating instructions for
the people who will use an information system. Examples are instructions for filling out a paper form or
using a software package.
140.Information in various forms is transmitted to end users and made available to them in the
activity.
141.A document is the original, formal record of a transaction.
142. is the information systems activity in which data and information are retained in an
organized manner for later use.
143.In an information system, the activity would be considered the component that
evaluates feedback in order to determine whether the system is moving toward the achievement of its
goal.
144.Sew What? runs most of its business on what applications software?
145.In the Real World case, Sew What? lost a big business contract because without a
lacked credibility.
the company
146.In the Real World case, Megan Ducket identified Sew What? as a centric company.

1.
(p. 4)
2.
(p. 4)
3.
(p. 18)
1 Key
Having a basic understanding of information systems is good, but not nearly as important as
understanding other functional business areas.
FALSE
Having a basic understanding of information systems is just as important as understanding other
functional business areas.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 2
OBrien - Chapter 01 #1
Information technology can help all kinds of businesses improve the efficiency and effectiveness of
their business processes and managerial decision making.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Maintenance is one of the key activities in the development and management of a business
information system.
TRUE
4.
(p. 4)
One system can be made up of other systems or can be a part of a bigger system.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
5.
(p. 4)
Smoke signals and library card catalogs are examples of an information system.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
6.
(p. 5)
Sew What? attributes their outstanding growth to Web-driven sales.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy

7.
(p. 7)
8.
(p. 7)
9.
(p. 9)
10.
(p. 8)
11.
(p. 8)
12.
(p. 10)
The term "information technology" refers to all of the components and resources necessary to deliver
the information and functions of a system to an organization.
FALSE
The term "information technology" refers to the various hardware, software, networking, and data
management components necessary for the system to operate. "Information system" describes all of
the components and resources necessary to deliver its information and functions to the organization.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
An information system can use hardware as simple as a pencil and paper to capture and store its
data.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Gaining a strategic advantage over competition requires the innovative application of information
technologies.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Integration of business systems allows greater flexibility and provides greater business support than
any of the individual systems could provide alone.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Most retail stores now use computer-based information systems to keep track of inventory, but few
use them to evaluate sales trends.
FALSE
Most retail store now use computer-based information systems to both keep track of inventory and to
evaluate sales trends.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Decision support systems (DSS) provide managerial end users with ad hoc and interactive support of
their decision-making processes.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium

13.
(p. 11)
14.
(p. 12)
15.
(p. 13)
16.
(p. 14)
Expert systems can serve as consultants to users by providing expert advice in limited subject
areas.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
An extranet is an Internet-like network inside the enterprise; an intranet is between the enterprise and
its trading partners.
FALSE
An intranet is an Internet-like network inside the enterprise; an extranet is between the enterprise
and its trading partners.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Enterprise collaboration systems involve the use of software tools to support e-commerce functions
with customers and suppliers.
FALSE
Enterprise collaboration systems involve the use of software tools to support communication,
coordination, and collaboration among the members of networked teams and workgroups.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
A process control system is an example of an operation support system that records and processes data
resulting from business transactions.
FALSE
A transaction processing system is an example of an operation support system that records and
processes data resulting from business transactions.
17.
(p. 14)
In real-time processing, data are processed immediately after a transaction occurs.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
18.
(p. 14)
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Management information systems (MIS) provide information in the form of reports and displays.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium

19.
(p. 15)
20.
(p. 15)
21.
(p. 15)
22.
(p. 17)
23.
(p. 20)
24.
(p. 23)
An information system that supports accounting is an example of a functional business system.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Information systems that focus on operational and managerial applications in support of basic business
functions, such as accounting, are known as strategic information systems.
FALSE
functions are known as functional business systems.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
An expert system can provide advice for operational chores, such as equipment diagnostics or loan
portfolio management.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Mismanagement or misapplication of information systems can ultimately result in business
failure.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
A large-scale movement to outsource basic software programming functions to India, the Middle
East, and Asia-Pacific countries has resulted because U.S. programmers have been inadequately
trained.
FALSE
Outsourcing software programming functions has resulted because of rising labor costs in North
America, Canada, and Europe.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Falling prices of computer hardware and software should continue to induce more businesses to
expand their computerized operations.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy

25.
(p. 23-24)
Increased importance placed on cyber-security will reduce the need for workers skilled in information
security.
FALSE
Increased importance placed on cyber-security will result in an increased need for workers skilled in
information security.
26.
(p. 26)
The human body and an oil refinery can both be classified as systems.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
27.
(p. 26)
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
In order for something to be classified as a "system", a computerized environment must be
involved.
FALSE
Many examples of systems can be found in the physical and biological sciences, technology, and
human society.
28.
(p. 29)
A home temperature control system is an example of a cybernetic system.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
29.
(p. 29)
30.
(p. 29)
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
A sales manager exercises control when reassigning salespersons to new territories after evaluating
feedback about their sales performance.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
An organization is considered an open system when it interfaces and interacts with other systems in its
environment.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy

31.
(p. 29)
32.
(p. 31)
33.
(p. 32)
34.
(p. 32)
35.
(p. 32-33)
36.
(p. 33)
Multiple systems never share an environment; each has its own.
FALSE
Several systems may share the same environment.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Information systems are just like any other system, but their value to the modern organization is unlike
any other system ever created.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Anyone who uses an information system or the information it produces can be referred to as an end
user.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Most end users in business are referred to as knowledge workers, people who spend most of their time
communicating, collaborating, and creating, using, and distributing information.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Optical disks and plastic cards are examples of hardware resources, but paper forms are not.
FALSE
Optical disks, plastic cards, and paper forms are all examples of hardware resources.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
In the context of the information systems model, computer peripherals typically consist of hardware
devices, such as keyboards, and productivity tools, such as word processing software.
FALSE
Computer peripherals typically consist of hardware devices that allow the input, output, or storage of
data; word processing software is not a hardware resource.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium

37.
(p. 33)
38.
(p. 34)
39.
(p. 34)
40.
(p. 34)
41.
(p. 35)
42.
(p. 35)
In the context of the information systems model, data resources are typically organized as databases
and expert systems.
FALSE
Data resources are typically organized as databases and knowledge bases.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
In the context of the information systems model, information is subjected to a "value-added" process
that converts it to data that meet the needs of end users.
FALSE
In the context of the information systems model, data is subjected to a value-added process that
converts it to information that meets the needs of end users.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Data can be thought of as context independent. This means that a list of numbers or name by
themselves do not provide an understanding of the context in which they were recorded.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Data are raw facts or observations, typically about physical phenomena or business transactions.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
In information systems activities, the processing of data resources typically takes the form of data
entry activities.
FALSE
The input of data resources typically takes the form of data entry activities.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
In information systems activities, a user interface commonly refers to a more convenient and efficient
method of end-user input and output with a computer system.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy

43.
(p. 35)
44.
(p. 35)
45.
(p. 43)
46.
(p. 43)
47.
(p. 43)
Calculating employees' pay, federal taxes, and other payroll deductions is a business example of a
computerized processing activity.
TRUE
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
After data has been entered into a computerized information system, it is usually not necessary to
correct or update it. That is the benefit of a computerized system—once entered, always correct.
FALSE
The quality of any data stored in an information system must be maintained by a continual process of
correcting and updating activities.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
According to the Real World case, JetBlue's employees do not need training to utilize the
computerized reservation system.
FALSE
JetBlue is actively training employees to use the computer system.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
According to the Real World case, although the Veterans Administration suffered a systems failure in
September 1997 that affected 17 VA facilities, there was never any threat to patient safety.
FALSE
The system failure was "The most significant technological threat to patient safety the VA has ever
had."
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
According to the Real World case, the September 2007 system failure at the 17 Veterans
Administration facilities severely interfered with the normal operations, inpatient and outpatient care,
pharmacy, and access to electronic patient records.
TRUE
48.
(p. 4)
Information technology can be used to support .
A. product development teams
B. customer support processes
C. any other business activity
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy

49.
(p. 4)
In its simplest form, a system consists of all the following except:
A. A group of cooperative users
B. A set of interrelated components
C. A clearly defined boundary
D. A common set of objectives
50.
(p. 5)
According to the Real World case, eCourier embraced technology by:
A. Doing the same things that all their competitors were doing successfully.
B. Installing a new computerized bar-scanning system for packages.
C. Enabling a new telephone system for customers.
D. Giving all their couriers handheld GPS units for tracking and communication.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Lufthansa plans to phase out the desktop computers that it had previously deployed in airports,
thereby streamlining its infrastructure and cutting costs.
51.
(p. 5)
According to the Real World case, eCourier uses SeeWhy software to:
A. Track packages that have not been delivered.
B. Provide business intelligence in terms of customer satisfaction.
C. Interface with their accounting software.
D. All of the above.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
52.
(p. 6)
According to the Real World Case, the goal of Bryan Cave is:
A. To have the best value for their customers.
B. To create increased profit per customer.
C. To build the best long-term relationships in the world.
D. All the above.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
53.
(p. 6)
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
According to the Real World Case, the Bryan Cave law firm had difficulty billing its real estate
customers because:
A. The developers could not afford their rates.
B. Developers think in terms of square feet, not hours worked.
C. Their lawyers did not understand the real estate profession.
D. None of the above.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium

54.
(p. 6)
According to the Real World Case, the big problem facing the Bryan Cave law firm in 2002 was:
A. Communications between all their lawyers and offices.
B. Dealing with the differences in laws around the world.
C. Billing their clients correctly.
D. Making the highest profits from their resources while delivering the highest customer value.
55.
(p. 7)
All the following are examples of an information system, except:
A. A day planner
B. A cash register
C. A group of marbles in a box
D. A paper-based accounting ledger
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
56.
(p. 8)
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
According to the text, most retail stores today use computer-based information systems to support
business processes and operations. This support falls broadly into the categories of:
A. Business decisions and strategies for competitive advantage.
B. Operations and support strategies.
C. Business decisions and operations.
D. Strategic business decisions and tactical business decisions.
57.
(p. 8)
How do information systems aid in decision making?
A. Information systems help companies determine investments.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
B. Information systems help companies determine which products to sell or discontinue.
C. Information systems can be used to gain competitive advantage.
58.
(p. 8)
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
All of the following are fundamental reasons for business applications of information technology
except:
A. Support of strategies for competitive advantage
B. Support of business processes and operations
C. Compliance with environmental regulations
D. Decision making support
59.
(p. 9)
According to the textbook case, Welch's uses BI software from Oco to:
A. manage their gasoline usage.
B. decide which products should be produced.
C. ensure that its carriers are shipping full truckloads to customers.
D. follow new competitive trends from its competitors.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium

60.
(p. 9)
61.
(p. 10)
62.
(p. 10)
According to the textbook case, the Oco BI software used by Welch's:
A. increases the number of deliveries made on Fridays.
B. assures that most deliveries are not made on Fridays.
C. assures that most deliveries are made on Fridays.
D. helps them even out the number of delivery trucks used each day of the week.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
The expanding role of information systems from the 1950s to the present, in sequential order, are:
A.Management reporting, decision support, electronic business and commerce, data processing,
strategic and end user support
B.Data processing, management reporting, strategic and end user support, electronic business and
commerce, decision support
C.Data processing, management reporting, decision support, strategic and end user support, electronic
business and commerce
D.Electronic business and commerce, management reporting, data processing, strategic and end user
support, decision support
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
The rapid development of microcomputer processing power, application software packages, and
telecommunications networks gave birth to the phenomenon of .
A. manufacturer-to-public direct sales
B. MIS departments
C. end user computing
D. electronic monitoring
63. Which of the following is a false statement?
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
(p. 11)
64.
(p. 12)
A. Today's information systems are doing the same basic things that they did over 40 years ago.
B. Today there is a much higher level of integration of system functions.
C. Today there is greater connectivity across dissimilar system components.
D. None of the statements is false.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Companies generally rely on e-business applications to do all of the following except:
A. Re-engineer internal business processes
B. Implement electronic commerce systems
C. Monitor employee productivity
D. Promote enterprise collaboration among business teams and workgroups
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium

65.
(p. 12)
In an e-business enterprise, an intranet refers to:
A. An Internet-like network inside the enterprise
B. A network between an enterprise and its trading partners
C. A network between the members of a single workgroup
66.
(p. 12)
E-business uses Internet technologies to work and empower .
A. business processes
B. electronic commerce
C. collaboration among business teams
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
67. E-commerce .
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
(p. 13) A.involves buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products, services, and information over a
variety of computer networks
Buses the Internet, intranets, and extranets to support every step of the commercial process, such as
. multimedia advertising, product information, and customer support
C. involves Internet security and payment mechanisms that ensure completion of delivery and
payment processes
68.
(p. 13)
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
The text classifies information systems as either operations or management support information
systems. Which one of the following would not be classified as an operations support system?
A. Transaction processing systems
B. Process control systems
C. Enterprise collaboration systems
D. Decision support systems
69.
(p. 13)
Electronic commerce systems generally include all of the following except:
A. Internet websites for online sales
B. Direct links to credit reporting services
C. Extranet access of inventory databases
D. Intranets that allow sales reps to access customer records
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium

70.
(p. 14)
71.
(p. 14)
72.
(p. 14)
73.
(p. 15)
74.
(p. 15)
Process control systems monitor and control processes.
A. physical
B. transactional
C. inter-departmental
D. mechanical
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
A nuclear power plant uses electronic sensors linked to computers to continually monitor processes
and make instant (real-time) adjustments that control the power generation process. This is an example
of a(n) .
A. transaction processing system
B. decision support system
C. enterprise collaboration system
D. process control system
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
When employees in a project team use email to send and receive messages and use video conferences
to hold electronic meetings and coordinate their activities, they are using .
A. transaction processing systems
B. process control systems
C. enterprise collaboration systems
D. decision support systems
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
A database of customer purchases that provides end-user managers with interactive and ad hoc
decision-making support is referred to as .
A. a transaction processing system
B. a decision support system
C. an information reporting system
D. an executive information system
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
A production manager needs a system to help determine how much product to manufacture based
on the expected sales associated with a future promotion, plus the location and availability of the
raw materials necessary to manufacture the product. What type of system would meet this manager's
needs?
A. Transaction processing system
B. Process control system
C. Enterprise collaboration system
D. Decision support system
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
75.
(p. 15)
76.
(p. 16)
77.
(p. 16)
When information system applications focus on providing information and support for effective
decision making by managers, they are called support systems.
A. decision
B. management
C. collaboration
D. process
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
An information system that supports the business functions of accounting, finance, human resource
management, marketing, or operations would be classified as a(n) system.
A. functional business
B. executive information
C. management information
D. decision support
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
functions, such as accounting or marketing, are known as .
A. functional business systems B.
strategic information systems C.
executive information systems
D. knowledge management systems
78.
(p. 15)
Most information systems are designed to .
A. produce information and support decision making
B. handle record-keeping
C. handle transaction processing chores
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
79.
(p. 15)
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Executive information systems (EIS) are tailored to meet the strategic information needs of which of
the following management levels?
A. Top management (strategic)
B. Middle management (tactical)
C. Lower management (operational)

AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
80.
(p. 15)
81.
(p. 16)
82.
(p. 16)
Business applications of information systems are typically combinations of several types of
information systems. This integration is referred to as systems.
A. information reporting
B. decision support
C. cross-functional informational
D. end user computing
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
Success in today's dynamic business environment depends heavily on maximizing the use of Internet-
based technologies and Web-enabled information systems to meet the competitive requirements of
.
A. customers
B. suppliers
C. business partners
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Easy
A functional business system supports all of the following types of applications except:
A. Accounting
B. Customer problem resolution
C. Marketing
D. Human resource management
83.
(p. 16)
Which of the following systems acts as a consultant to users?
A. Knowledge
B. Integrated information
C. Executive information
D. Expert
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
84.
(p. 17-18)
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
According to the textbook case on responsibility and accountability, even if a project is not an IT
project, who is held responsible for optimizing returns on IT-related investments?
A. CEO
B. CFO
C. COO
D. CIO

85.
(p. 17-18)
86.
(p. 18)
87.
(p. 18)
88.
(p. 18)
89.
According to the textbook case on responsibility and accountability:
A. IT is always 100% responsible for any large project involving information technology.
B. IT is never 100% responsible for any large project involving information technology.
C. IT is sometimes 100% responsible for any large project involving information technology.
D. None of the above is correct.
The rollout of Hershey's ERP system cost $112 million.
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Developing an information system solution involves all of the following steps except:
A. Investigation
B. Implementation
C. Redesign
D. Maintenance
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Computer-based information systems are usually conceived, designed, and implemented using some
form of systematic development process. The investigation stage includes .
A. determining the economic or technical feasibility of a proposed application
C. improving the system
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Medium
Developing information system solutions to business problems in an organization is the responsibility
of .
A. information system specialists
B. computer programmers
C. systems analysts
D. all information system users within the organization
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard
When applying a systematic development process for computer-based information systems,
(p. 18) would be part of the analysis phase.
A. determining the business requirements of the system
C. implementing a trial system
D. obtaining feedback from end users of the system
AACSB: Technology
Blooms: Knowledge
Difficulty: Hard

Other documents randomly have
different content

Ensimäinen tuomari: Ihminen ei voi tuomita ihmistä.
Tuomioistuimelle istuessaan tuomari riisuu yltään inhimillisyytensä.
Hän koroittuu jumalaksi eikä enää tunne iloa eikä surua.
Toinen tuomari: Oikeus, jota ei säädetä myötätunnolla, on julminta
vääryyttä.
Ensimäinen tuomari: Oikeus on täydellinen, kun se on kirjaimen
mukainen.
Toinen tuomari: Milloin oikeus on vailla henkeä, on se
mielettömyyttä.
Ensimäinen tuomari: Lakien alkuperuste on jumalallinen ja
vähäpätöisimmätkin siitä johtuvat seuraukset ovat jumalallisia. Mutta
jos laki ei olisi kokonaan jumalasta, jos se olisi kokonaan ihmisestä,
tulisi sittenkin noudattaa lain kirjainta. Sillä kirjain pysyy, mutta henki
on häilyväinen.
Toinen tuomari: Laki on kokonaan ihmisestä alkuisin ja se syntyi
ymmärtämättömänä ja julmana, kun ihmisjärki oli heikolla alku-
oraallaan. Mutta vaikkapa se olisikin jumalallinen olemukseltaan,
tulisi noudattaa henkeä eikä kirjainta. Sillä kirjain on kuollut, mutta
henki on elävä. Näin puheltuaan molemmat vanhurskaat tuomarit
astuivat alas ratsuiltaan ja lähtivät saattueineen oikeussaliin, kussa
heitä odotettiin säätämään, mitä kullekin kuului. Heidän hevosensa,
jotka olivat sidotut paaluun suuren jalavan alle, alkoivat haastella
keskenään. Ensimäisen tuomarin hevonen puhui ensiksi:
— Kun maa, sanoi hän, on hevosten hallussa — ja kerran se
epäilemättä on heille kuuluva, sillä hevonen on ilmeisesti luomisen
lopullinen päämäärä ja viimeinen tarkoitusperä — kun maa on

hevosten hallussa ja meillä on vapaus menetellä mielemme mukaan,
niin me elämme lakien alaisina kuten ihmiset ja suomme itsellemme
huvin vangita, hirttää ja ruhjoa kaltaisiamme. Meistä tulee siveellisiä
olentoja. Se on näkyvä niistä vankiloista, hirsipuista ja
vipuhirsipuista, joita on kohoava meidän kaupungeissamme. Meillä
on oleva lakiasäätäviä hevosia. Mitä ajattelet siitä, Rusko? Rusko,
joka oli toisen tuomarin ratsu, vastasi olevansa sitä mieltä, että
hevonen on luomisen kruunu, ja toivovansa, että hevosen valtakunta
oli tuleva enemmin tai myöhemmin.
— Valko, lisäsi hän, kun olemme rakentaneet kaupunkeja, täytyy
meidän, kuten sanot, perustaa järjestyksenvalvonta kaupunkeihin.
Silloin minä tahtoisin, että hevosten lait olisivat hevos-ystävällisiä, se
on: hevosia ja hevosten parasta suosivia.
— Mitä sillä tarkoitat, Rusko? kysyi Valko.
— Minä tarkoitan juuri sitä mitä sanon. Minä vaadin, että lait
vakuuttavat itsekullekin kauraosuutensa ja paikkansa hevostallissa,
ja että jokaisella olisi lupa rakastaa niinkuin mieli tekee, silloinkun on
se aika. Sillä kaikella on aikansa. Sanalla sanoen minä tahdon, että
hevos-lait olisivat luonnonmukaisia.
— Minä toivon, vastasi Valko, että lainsäätäjillämme on oleva
ylevämpi ajatuskanta kuin sinulla, Rusko. He ovat laativat lakinsa
taivaallisen hevosen ilmoituksesta, hänen, joka on luonut kaikki
hevoset. Hän on kaikkihyvä, siksi että hän on kaikkivaltias. Valta ja
hyvyys ovat hänen ominaisuutensa. Hän on määrännyt luotunsa
kantamaan suitsia, pitämään päitsiä, tuntemaan kannusta ja
pakahtumaan ruoskan alla. Sinä puhut rakastamisesta, toveri; hän
on sallinut, että moni meistä on tehty valakaksi. Niin hän on

säätänyt. Ja lakien tulee valvoa, että tämä jumalallinen järjestys
pysyy voimassa.
— Mutta oletko, ystäväni, aivan varma siitä, kysyi Rusko, että
nämät onnettomuudet johtuvat taivaallisesta hevosesta, joka on
meidät luonut, eikä vain ihmisestä, tuosta hänen luomastaan
alemmasta olennosta?
— Ihmiset ovat taivaallisen hevosen palvelevia enkeleitä, vastasi
Valko. — Hänen tahtonsa ilmenee kaikessa mikä tapahtuu. Se on
hyvä.
Koska se tahtoo meille pahaa, niin täytyy pahan olla jotakin hyvää.
Ollakseen hyvä tulee siis lain tehdä meille pahaa. Ja hevosten
valtakunnassa meitä on kuritettava ja kiusattava kaikilla tavoin,
säädöksillä, käskykirjoilla, tuomiopäätöksillä, pykälillä ja asetuksilla,
kelvataksemme taivaalliselle hevoselle.
— Sinulla, Ruskoseni, lopetti Valko, mahtaa olla pää kuin
metsäaasilla, kun et ymmärrä että hevonen on luotu maailmaan
kärsimään, että ellei hän kärsi, niin hän vaeltaa vastoin
kutsumustaan ja että taivaallinen hepo kääntää pois kasvonsa
onnellisista hevosista.

HERRA THOMAS
Tunsin erään ankaran tuomarin. Hän oli nimeltään Thomas de
Maulan ja kuului maakuntalaiseen pikku aateliin. Hän oli antautunut
virkamies-uralle marski Mac-Mahonin seitsenvuotiskautena toivossa
saada kerran säätää oikeutta kuninkaan nimessä. Hänellä oli
periaatteita, jotka hän saattoi uskoa järkkymättömiksi, kun hän ei
ollut koskaan kajonnut niitä kaivelemaan. Heti kun kajoo mihinkä
periaatteeseen, löytää jotakin sen alta, ja silloin huomaa, ettei se
ollutkaan mikään periaate. Thomas de Maulan suojeli visusti
uteliaisuudeltaan uskonnolliset ja yhteiskunnalliset periaatteensa.
Hän oli alioikeuden tuomarina pienessä X:n kaupungissa, missä
minä asuin siihen aikaan. Hänen ulko-olentonsa herätti kunnioitusta,
jopa tavallaan myötätuntoisuuttakin. Pitkä, kuiva vartalo, iho tiukasti
luissa kiinni, kasvot keltaiset. Hänen täydellinen koruttomuutensa
antoi hänelle varsin ylhäisen sävyn. Hän käytti nimeä herra Thomas,
ei siksi että hän olisi halveksinut aateluuttaan, vaan siksi että hän
katsoi itsensä liian köyhäksi pitämään sitä yllä.
Olen kylliksi seurustellut hänen kanssaan tietääkseni, että hänen
ulkonäkönsä ei pettänyt ja että hänellä ahtaan ymmärryksen ja
heikon tunnevoiman ohessa oli ylevä luonne. Minä keksin hänessä

suuria siveellisiä ominaisuuksia. Mutta saatuani tilaisuuden
katsastaa, kuinka hän täytti tehtävänsä tutkijana ja tuomarina, näin
että juuri hänen kunnollisuutensa ja se käsitys, mikä hänellä oli
velvollisuudestaan, teki hänet epäinhimilliseksi ja välisti riisti häneltä
kaiken arvostelukyvyn.
Kun hän oli hyvin hurskas, vallitsi häntä, hänen tietämättään,
ajatus synnistä ja sovituksesta, ajatus rikoksesta ja rangaistuksesta,
ja selvästi saattoi nähdä että hän rankaisi syyllisiä siinä mieluisassa
uskossa, että hän jalosti heitä. Hän piti inhimillistä oikeutta tosin
vaalenneena, mutta vielä kuitenkin kauniina kuvana jumalallisesta
oikeudesta. Hän oli lapsuudessaan saanut oppia, että kärsimys on
hyvää, että sillä itsessään on ansionsa ja hyveensä, että se on
sovittavaa. Se oli hänen luja uskonsa, ja hänen mielestään oli
kärsimys jokaiselle tulevaa, joka on rikkonut.
Hän piti rankaisemisesta. Se johtui siitä että hän oli niin hyvä.
Ollen tottunut kiittämään Jumalaa, joka lähetti hänelle
hammassärkyjä ja maksaähkyjä rangaistukseksi Aatamin synnistä ja
hänen iankaikkiseksi pelastuksekseen, antoi hän maleksijoille ja
maankiertäjille vankeutta ja sakkoja ikäänkuin hyväntekoja ja apua.
Kristinopin-tiedostaan hän johti lakien filosofian, ja
oikeamielisyytensä ja yksinkertaisuutensa takia hän oli heltymätön.
Ei voi sanoa, että hän oli julma. Mutta ollen suuressa määrin
epäaistillinen oli hän myöskin tunteeton. Hän ei luonut itselleen
mitään havainnollista ja fyysillistä käsitystä inhimillisistä
kärsimyksistä. Hänellä oli yksinomaan siveellinen ja uskonopillinen
käsitys niistä. Hänellä oli mystilliseen vivahtava mieltymys
koppijärjestelmään, ja todellinen riemu sydämessä ja silmissä hän
minulle eräänä päivänä näytteli kaunista vankilaa, joka juuri oli

rakennettu hänen virkapiiriinsä: jotain valkeaa, siistiä, mykkää,
hirvittävää; kopit asetettuina ympyrään ja vartia keskellä
vartiokojussaan. Se näytti laitokselta, jonka hullut olivat perustaneet
hulluja tehdäkseen.
Ja tosiaankin ne ovat kamalia mielipuolia nuo koppijärjestelmän
keksijät, jotka siveellisesti parantaakseen pahantekijää asettavat
hänet sellaisen järjestelmän alaiseksi, että hänestä tulee joko
tylsämielinen tai raivohullu.
Herra Thomas oli toista mieltä. Hän katseli äänettömällä
mielihyvällä noita kolkkoja koppeja. Hänellä oli oma sala-
ajatuksensa: hän ajatteli, että vanki ei ole koskaan yksin, sillä
Jumala on hänen kanssaan. Ja hänen tyyni ja tyytyväinen katseensa
sanoi: "Ollen saattanut heitä taas viisi kuusi olemaan luojansa ja
ylimmän tuomarinsa kanssa kahden kesken. Ei ole koko maailmassa
kadehdittavampaa kohtaloa kuin heidän."
Tämä tuomari sai tutkittavakseen useita juttuja, muiden muassa
yhden erästä opettajaa koskevan. Valtion opetus ja kirkon opetus
olivat siihen aikaan ilmisodassa keskenään. Sen jälkeen kuin
tasavaltalaiset olivat paljastaneet munkkien tietämättömyyden ja
raakuuden, syytti paikkakunnan kirkollismielinen sanomalehti erästä
valtion opettajaa siitä, että hän muka oli pannut yhden
koululapsistaan istumaan tulikuumalle rautakamiinille. Tämä syytös
sai uskojia paikkakunnan säätyläispiireissä. Ilmoitettiin asia
mieltäkuohuttavin yksityiskohdin, ja yltyleensä levinneet huhut saivat
hereille oikeuden huomion.
Herra Thomas, joka oli kunnon mies, ei olisi ikinä totellut
intohimojaan, jos hän olisi tiennyt mitä intohimot olivat. Mutta nyt hän
otaksui ne velvollisuuksikseen, siksi että ne olivat uskonnollista

laatua. Hän uskoi velvollisuudekseen ottaa ajettavaksi nämä
jumalatonta koulua vastaan tehdyt valitukset, ja hän ei huomannut
omaa ylen suurta alttiuttaan niitä ajamaan.
Tulee myöntää, että hän tutki asiaa tarkan tarkalla huolella ja
äärettömällä vaivannäöllä. Hän toimitti tutkimuksen noudattamalla
oikeuden tavanmukaisia menettelytapoja, ja hän saavutti ihmeellisiä
tuloksia.
Kolmekymmentä koululasta, joita huolellisesti kuulusteltiin,
vastasivat hänelle alussa huonosti, sitten paremmin, lopuksi varsin
hyvin. Yhden kuukauden kuulustelujen jälkeen he kaikki vastasivat
niin hyvin että heillä kaikilla oli sama vastaus. Nuo kolmekymmentä
todistusta sopivat toisiinsa ne olivat yhtäpitäviä, sanalleen
samankaltaisia, ja nuo lapset, jotka ensimäisenä päivänä eivät
sanoneet mitään nähneensä ilmoittivat nyt selkeällä äänellä, kaikki
käyttäen tarkalleen samoja sanoja, että heidän pieni toverinsa oli
pantu paljain pakaroin istumaan tulikuumalle rautakamiinille.
Herra Thomas onnitteli parhaillaan itseänsä näin kauniista
menestyksestä, kun opettaja kumoamattomilla todistuksilla näytti,
ettei koulussa ollut ikinä ollut mitään kamiinia. Herra Thomas silloin
hiukan alkoi epäillä, että lapset valehtelivat. Mutta se, mikä jäi
häneltä huomaamatta, oli se että hän itse tahtomattaan oli sanellut ja
opettanut heille ulkoa tuon heidän todistuksensa.
Juttu päättyi siten, että se määrättiin jätettäväksi sikseen. Opettaja
laskettiin taas omille oloilleen saatuaan vakavan varoituksen
tuomarilta, jotta hän vast'edes pitäisi eläimelliset viettinsä aisoissa.
Veljeskunnan koulun pikku lapset tulivat pitämään kissan-naukujaisia
hänen tyhjän koulunsa edustalla. Kun hän astui kadulle

asunnostaan, huudettiin hänelle: "Hoi, pempunpaistaja!" ja nakeltiin
kiviä hänen jälkeensä.
Kun koulun ylitarkastaja sai tiedon tästä asiaintilasta, teki hän
ilmoituksen mainiten, että tämä opettaja ei kyennyt pitämään
arvoansa yllä oppilaidensa silmissä, ja esittäen, että hänet viipymättä
siirrettäisiin muuanne. Hänet lähetettiin kylään, missä puhutaan
kielimurretta, jota hän ei ymmärrä. Siellä hänellä on nimenään Grille-
Cul. Se on ainoa ranskalainen sana, joka siellä tunnetaan.
Seurustellessani tämän tuomarin kanssa olen päässyt perille,
mistä se johtuu että kaikki todistukset, jotka tuomari on pannut
tutkintopöytäkirjaan, ovat aivan samaan tyyliin. Herra Thomas
vastaanotti minut virkahuoneessaan, missä hän kirjurinsa
avustamana juuri kuulusteli muuanta todistajaa. Aioin vetäytyä
takaisin, mutta hän pyysi minua jäämään, koska näet minun
läsnäoloni ei millään tavoin haitannut oikeuden säällistä menoa.
Minä istahdin huoneen nurkkaan ja kuuntelin kysymyksiä ja
vastauksia.
— Duval, näittekö syytetyn kello kuusi illalla?
— Niin, nähkääs, herra tuomari, se oli niin, että minun vaimoni
istui ikkunan ääressä. Silloin hän sanoi minulle: "Kas tuolla menee
Soquardot!"
— Hänen esiintymisensä teidän akkunainne alla näytti siis
vaimostanne huomiota herättävältä, koska hän ei voinut olla sitä
teille nimenomaan osoittamatta. Ja syytetyn eleet näyttivät teistä
epäilyttäviltä?

— Minä sanon niinkuin asia oli, herra tuomari. Eukkoni sanoo
minulle:
"Kas, tuolla menee Soquardot!" Silloin minä katsoin kanssa ja
sanoin:
"Tosiaankin! Se on Soquardot!"
— Aivan oikein. Notaario, kirjoittakaa: "Kello kuusi iltapäivällä
aviopuolisot Duval näkivät syytetyn kiertelevän taloa epäilyttävin
elein."
Herra Thomas teki vielä muutamia kysymyksiä todistajalle, joka oli
päivätyöläinen ammatiltaan; hän otti todistukset vastaan ja saneli ne
kirjurille käännettyinä lakitieteelliselle kielelle. Sitten todistaja sai
kuulla todistuksensa luettuna, kirjoitti nimensä alle ja poistui.
— Miksette, kysyin minä silloin, ota todistuksia semmoisina kuin
ne annetaan, sen sijaan että käännätte ne kielelle, joka ei ole
todistajan omaa?
Herra Thomas katseli minua kummastuneena ja vastasi
rauhallisesti:
— En ymmärrä mitä tarkoitatte. Minä otan todistukset niin
uskollisesti kuin mahdollista. Niin tekevät kaikki tuomarit. Eikä tavata
tuomariviraston aikakirjoissa ainoatakaan esimerkkiä, että tuomari
olisi vääristellyt tai typistellyt jotakin todistusta. Jos virkaveljieni
perinnäistä tapaa noudattaen hiukan tasoittelen itse sitä
sanamuotoa, jota todistajat ovat käyttäneet, teen sen siksi että
todistajat, kuten tämä Duval, jota juuri ikään kuulitte, lausuvat
ajatuksensa huonosti ilmi ja että olisi vastoin oikeuden arvoa merkitä
virheellisiä, alhaisia ja usein raakoja lauseparsia, kuin se ei ole
ollenkaan välttämätöntä. Luulen muutoin, paras herraseni, ettei teillä

ole täysin selvää käsitystä niistä asianhaaroista, joissa oikeustutkinto
toimitaan. Ei tule jättää näkyvistä itse päämäärää, jonka tuomari
asettaa itselleen ottaessaan vastaan ja ryhmittäessään todistuksia.
Hänen ei ainoastaan itsensä tule päästä valkeuteen, vaan myös
valaista tuomioistuinta. Ei ole kylliksi, että valo syttyy hänessä: sen
täytyy syttyä myös muissa oikeuden jäsenissä. On siis tärkeää, että
hän selvittää täysin sitoviksi ne todistuskappaleet, joita toisinaan
piilee todistajan häilyvässä tai sekavassa selonteossa samoinkuin
syytetyn kaksimielisissä vastauksissa. Jos ne merkittäisiin
pöytäkirjaan ilman järjestystä ja järkiperäistä menetelmää, niin
pätevimmätkin todistukset näyttäisivät heikoilta ja enin osa syyllisiä
välttäisi rangaistuksen.
— Mutta tuo menettely, nimittäin todistajan epäselvän ajatuksen
tarkistaminen, eikö se ole vaarallista? kysyin minä.
— Olisi kyllä, elleivät tuomarit olisi tunnollisia. Mutta vielä en ole
tuntenut ainoatakaan tuomaria, jolla ei olisi ollut hyvin korkea käsitys
velvollisuuksistaan. Ja kuitenkin olen istunut tuomioistuimella
protestanttien, deistien ja juutalaisten rinnalla. Mutta he olivat
valantehneitä virkamiehiä.
— Teidän menettelyssänne, herra Thomas, on ainakin se
hankaluus, että todistaja, kun hän sitten kuulee todistuksensa
luettavan, tuskin sitä ymmärtää, koska te olette siihen pannut
lauseparsia, joita hän ei itse käytä ja joiden merkitys on hänelle outo.
Mitenkä esimerkiksi käsittää tämä päivätyöläinen teidän sananne:
"epäilyttävät eleet?"
Hän vastasi innokkaasti:

— Olen sitä ajatellut ja noudatankin mitä tarkinta varovaisuutta
tätä vaaraa vastaan. Kerron teille esimerkin. Äskettäin oli edessäni
eräs todistaja, jonka järjenlahjat olivat sangen niukat ja jonka
siveellinen laatu on minulle tuntematon. Hän näytti minusta
huolimattomalta, kun notaario luki hänelle hänen todistustaan.
Luetutin sen hänelle toistamiseen, kehotettuani häntä kiinnittämään
siihen luopumatonta huomiota. Olin näkevinäni, ettei hän sitä tehnyt
sen enempää nytkään. Silloin käytin pientä sotajuonta saattaakseni
hänet tarkemmin tajuamaan velvollisuutensa ja vastuunalaisuutensa.
Sanelin notaariolle viimeisen lauseen, joka kumosi kaikki edelliset.
Sitten kehotin todistajaa kirjoittamaan alle. Samassa
silmänräpäyksessä kun hän laski kynän paperille, pidätin hänen
kätensä ja huudahdin:
"Onneton, te aiotte allekirjoittaa selityksen, joka on aivan vastoin
sitä, minkä juuri annoitte, ja siis tehdä rikollisen teon!"
— No, mitä hän vastasi?
— Hän vastasi surkean näköisenä: "Herra tuomari, te olette
oppineempi kuin minä, te tiedätte kyllä paremmin kuin minä, kuinka
se on kirjoitettava."
— Te näette, lisäsi herra Thomas, että tuomari, joka harrastaa
virkansa hyvin täyttämistä, varoo kaikkea mikä veisi harhaan.
Uskokaa minua, herraseni, oikeudellinen erehdys on pelkkää tarua.

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