Human Resource Management (HRM) has evolved from personnel management to focus on acquiring, developing, motivating and maintaining employees. HRM originated in ancient times but became a modern concept in the 1970s. In India, HRM developed in the 1970s in private companies and 1980s in public sector companies. Recent HRM trends include a focus on technology, work diversity, flexible work, and using social media for recruitment. Challenges facing Indian HRM include low motivation, lack of training, and promotion based on seniority over skills. The future of HRM will emphasize globalization, application of technology like AI, and developing HR as a strategic asset.