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- 2. What’s New Read thepoem silently, then identify the properties of magma. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
- 3. What is Magma? by:Razel M. Ferrer Magma is a combination of molten rocks And gases of the Earth’s mantle and cores Temperature ranges from 600-1300 degree Celsius And comprises of mineral mixtures. Magma varies widely in composition But in general, only 8 elements are on Namely oxygen, silicon, aluminum and iron Potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium.
- 4. The most abundantelement in magma is oxygen Which comprises a little less than half of the total And over one quarter, followed by silicon The other one quarter is for other elements in all. Vast amount of heat causes magma’s temperature to rise In that case, melting point may reach for some minerals But pressure also plays an important role as well For materials to melt partial this way.
- 5. Magma’s properties andcomposition Are truly impressive and awesome But what happens after it was formed? That’s a question, I want to be informed.
- 6. Endogenic Process An endogenicprocess is a geological process that was formed, originated, and located below the surface of the earth. It involves geologic activities such as tectonic movements, metamorphism, seismic activities and magmatism.
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- 9. Magma Magma is formedunder certain circumstances in special location deep in the crust or in the upper mantle. Magma forms from partial melting of mantle rocks.
- 10. Rocks undergo partialmelting because the minerals that compose them melt at different temperature. Partial melting takes place because rocks are not pure materials.
- 11. As temperature rises,some minerals melt and others remain solid. If the same conditions are maintained at any given temperature, the same mixture of solid and melted rock is maintained.
- 12. To understand melting,pressure is also considered. Pressure increases with depth as a result of the increased weight of overlying rock. Geologists found out that as they melted rocks under various pressures, higher pressure led to higher melting points.
- 13. According to Bayo-ang,et.al (2016), the two main mechanisms through which rocks melt are decompression melting and flux melting.
- 14. DECOMPRESSION Decompression melting takes placewithin Earth when a body of rock is held at approximately the same temperature but the pressure is reduced.
- 15. DECOMPRESSION This happens becausethe rock is being moved toward the surface, either at a mantle plume (a.k.a., hot spot), or in the upwelling part of a mantle convection cell.
- 16. DECOMPRESSION If a rockthat is hot enough which is close to its melting point is moved toward the surface, the pressure is reduced, and the rock can pass to the liquid side of its melting curve. At this point, partial melting starts to take place.
- 18. Flux melting happensif a rock is close to its melting point and some water or carbon dioxide is added to the rock, the melting temperature is reduced and partial melting starts. FLUX MELTING
- 19. As the magmamoves toward the surface, and especially when it moves from the mantle into the lower crust, it interacts with the surrounding rock. This typically leads to partial melting of the surrounding rock because most such magmas are hotter than the melting temperature of a crustal rock.
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- 21. What happens after magmais formed? Cuarto (2016) described that magma escaped in two forms: intrusion and extrusion.
- 22. Intrusion An intrusion ismagma that moves up into a volcano without erupting. Like a balloon, this causes the volcano to grow on the inside. What is meant by the intrusion of magma is the inclusion of the rock layers forming the earth's crust (magma does not get out).
- 24. PLUTONISM ● Plutonism refersto all sorts of igneous geological activities taking place below the Earth's surface. ● In cases where magma infiltrates the Earth's crust but fails to make it to the surface, the process of magma differentiation gives birth to ideal conditions for metallogenesis and that is a kind of Plutonism.
- 25. ● This isthe exact process that gives birth to magma, when the presence of various oxides, fluorine, sulfur, and chlorine compounds that are necessary for the creation of magma is guaranteed. ● The solidification and crystallization of magma takes place mainly inside the Earth's interior.
- 27. When the processof crystallization takes place inside the crust, the magmatic rocks produced are called plutonites, which is another major category of igneous rock formation. Plutonites are igneous rock formations that are created when the process of crystallization and solidification of magma takes places below the Earth's surface and particularly in the crust.
- 28. Magma that cameout to the surface of the earth is called the eruption. Magma that came to the surface of the earth is called lava.
- 29. Volcanism ● Volcanism isused to describe all geological phenomena that occurs on the natural terrestrial surface, such as the creation of volcanoes and hot springs. (Grotzinger et.al ,2008)
- 30. Volcanism ● It refersto all sorts of geological activities correlated with the flow and transportation of igneous material from the planet's interior towards the natural terrestrial surface.