Earth and Life Science Exogenic ProcessEALS L5.1.pptx

ENDOGENIC
PROCESSES
EARTH SCIENCE 11

LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, the learners
should:
• identify the composition of magma;
• discuss how magma is formed; and
• explain what happens after magma is
formed.

This is an energy from the motion of molecules of the
bodies, such as Earth.
There are three main sources of heat on Earth:
1.Heat from accretion of Earth during its formation.
2.Frictional heating, caused by sinking of core materials
to the center of the planet
3.Heat from the decay of radioactive elements.
HEAT

often known as internal forces, are pressures within
the earth. a geological process that was formed,
originated, and located below the surface of the
earth. It involves geologic activities such as tectonic
movements, metamorphism, seismic activities and
magmatism.
ENDOGENIC
PROCESS

Different kinds of Endogenic Process:
• Orogenic processes that include mountain
formation via extreme folding and affect long and
narrow bands of the earth’s crust
• Epeirogenic processes include the lifting or
bending of huge sections of the earth’s crust
• Earthquakes with very small vibrations on a local
scale
ENDOGENIC
PROCESS

Folding
When two forces push towards each other from
opposites sides, the rock layers will bend into folds.
The process by which folds are formed are due to
compressional forces known as folding.

Faulting
Faulting is the fracturing and displacement of more
brittle rock strata along a fault plane either caused by
tension or compression.
A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal
rock movement has occurred is called a fault.

VOLCANISM
Volcanism is the eruption of molten rock (magma)
onto the surface of a planet. A volcano is the vent
through which magma and gases are discharged.
Magma that reaches the surface is called “lava.”
Volcanism is the result of a planet losing its internal
heat. Volcanos can form where rock near the surface
becomes hot enough to melt.

VOLCANO
Volcanoes are openings, or
vents where lava, tephra
(small rocks), and steam
erupt onto the Earth's
surface. Volcanic terrain is
built by the slow
accumulation of erupted
lava.

MAGMA
Magma is formed under
certain circumstances in
special location deep in the
crust or in the upper
mantle. Magma forms from
partial melting of mantle
rocks.

PARTIAL MELTING
Partial melting takes place because rocks are not pure materials. As temperature
rises, some minerals melt and others remain solid. If the same conditions are
maintained at any given temperature, the same mixture of solid and melted rock is
maintained.
DECOMPRESSION
MELTING
This happens because the rock is being moved toward the surface, either at a
mantle plume (a.k.a., hot spot), or in the upwelling part of a mantle convection cell.
FLUX MELTING
if a rock is close to its melting point and some water or carbon dioxide is added to
the rock, the melting temperature is reduced and partial melting starts. Silicon and
oxygen combine to form silica tetrahedra, and then, as cooling continues, the
tetrahedra start to link together to make chains (polymerize).

WHAT HAPPENS AFTER
MAGMA IS FORMED?
An intrusion is magma that moves up into a
volcano without erupting. Like a balloon, this
causes the volcano to grow on the inside. What is
meant by the intrusion of magma is the inclusion of
the rock layers forming the earth's crust (magma
does not get out)

PLUTONIS
M
❖ Plutonism refers to all sorts of igneous geological activities taking place below
the Earth's surface.
❖ In cases where magma infiltrates the Earth's crust but fails to make it to the
surface, the process of magma differentiation gives birth to ideal conditions for
metallogenesis and that is a kind of Plutonism.
❖ This is the exact process that gives birth to magma, when the presence of
various oxides, fluorine, sulfur, and chlorine compounds that are necessary for the
creation of magma is guaranteed.
❖ The solidification and crystallization of magma takes place mainly inside the
Earth's interior.
❖When the process of crystallization takes place inside the crust, the magmatic
rocks produced are called plutonites, which is another major category of igneous

WHAT HAPPENS AFTER
MAGMA IS FORMED?
An extrusion is an eruption of magmatic materials
that causes land formation on the surface of the
Earth. Magma extrusion causes the formation of
volcanoes when the gas pressure is strong enough and
there are cracks in the earth's crust. Magma that came
out to the surface of the earth is called the eruption.
Magma that came to the surface of the earth is called

VOLCANIS
M
❖Volcanism is used to describe all geological phenomena that occurs on the
natural terrestrial surface, such as the creation of volcanoes and hot springs.
(Grotzinger et.al ,2008) It refers to all sorts of geological activities correlated with
❖
the flow and transportation of igneous material from the planet's interior towards
the natural terrestrial surface.
❖ This motion takes place inside the cracks that are known among geologists as
natural pipes that infiltrate the upper mantle. In many cases, the mantle allows
massive quantities of liquids and gases to reach the upper lay.
❖ Molten material in the form of lava that undergoes the process of crystallization
on the natural terrestrial surface gives birth to rock formations known as
volcanites. These are one of the major categories of igneous rock formations.
Volcanites are composed of gray, dull pink colored track basaltic lava with large

ACTIVITY: IDENTIFY THE TERMS RELATED TO THE GIVEN GEOLOGIC
PROCESSES USING THE GIVEN ILLUSTRATIONS. ARRANGE THE
JUMBLED LETTERS THAT FOLLOW EACH STATEMENT.
1. Melting that takes place within Earth when a body of rock is held at
approximately the same temperature, but the pressure is reduced.
2. This happens when some minerals melt, and others remain solid.
3. An eruption of magma that causes the volcano to grow on the outside.
N S M P D E C O R E S
I O
I T R P A A L E M L I N
T G
S I O T R U N E

1. Melting that takes place within Earth when a body of rock is held at
approximately the same temperature, but the pressure is reduced.
2. This happens when some minerals melt, and others remain solid.
3. An eruption of magma that causes the volcano to grow on the outside.
D E C O M P R E S I
O N
P A R T I A L M E L T I
N G
E X T R U S I O

4. Magmatic rocks that crystallized inside the crust.
5. It refers to all sorts of igneous geological activities that take place below the
Earth's surface.
6. It is the geological phenomena that occurs on the surface of the earth
7. A magma that moves up into a volcano without erupting
L O U T E S P N
I T
N P T O I L U S
M
M A C V O L N
I S
I O N R U I N

4. Magmatic rocks that crystallized inside the crust.
5. It refers to all sorts of igneous geological activities that take place below the
Earth's surface.
6. It is the geological phenomena that occurs on the surface of the earth
7. A magma that moves up into a volcano without erupting
P L U TO N I T
E S
P L U T O N I S
M
V O L C A N I S
M
I N T R U S I O

8. . Magmatic rocks that crystallized in the natural terrestrial surface.
9. Melting that takes place when temperature is reduced
10. It forms from the partial melting of mantle rocks.
E S V A N I T O
L C
X F L
U
A A M G
M

8. . Magmatic rocks that crystallized in the natural terrestrial surface.
9. Melting that takes place when temperature is reduced
10. It forms from the partial melting of mantle rocks.
V O L C A N I T E
S
F L U
X
M A G M
A

Earth and Life Science Exogenic ProcessEALS L5.1.pptx

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