Downloaded 15 times
![ In 1991 the Dalai Lama alleged that Chinese settlers in
Tibet were creating "Chinese Apartheid":
The new Chinese settlers have created an alternate
society: a Chinese apartheid which, denying Tibetans
equal social and economic status in our own land,
threatens to finally overwhelm and absorb us.[88][89]
The Central Tibetan Administration states that the
number that have died in the Great Leap Forward, of
violence, or other indirect causes since 1950 is
approximately 1.2 million,[90] According to Patrick
French, a supporter of the Tibetan cause who was able
to view the data and calculations, the estimate is not
reliable because the Tibetans were not able to process
the data well enough to produce a credible total](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ch35ppt-130422140754-phpapp02/75/East-Asia-1945-Present-22-2048.jpg)
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East Asia - 1945 - Present
- 1. Chapter 35Chapter 35 Rebirthand RevolutionRebirth and Revolution Nation-Building in East Asia andNation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rimthe Pacific Rim (1945 – present)(1945 – present)
- 2. Chinese Civil WarEndsChinese Civil War Ends Mao’s China and Beyond --Mao’s China and Beyond -- By 1949 – Mao Zedong has millions of peasantsBy 1949 – Mao Zedong has millions of peasants in N. Chinain N. China Mao’s forces head South, chasing theMao’s forces head South, chasing the GuomindangGuomindang Guomindang (Nationalists) flees to the island ofGuomindang (Nationalists) flees to the island of Taiwan and establishes the Republic of ChinaTaiwan and establishes the Republic of China Communists and Mao take over mainland ChinaCommunists and Mao take over mainland China and call it the People’s Republic of Chinaand call it the People’s Republic of China
- 3. Chinese RevolutionChinese Revolution Chiang Kai-Shek (Nationalist) v. MaoChiang Kai-Shek (Nationalist) v. Mao Zedong (Comm.)Zedong (Comm.) China unites to fight Japan (1930s – 1945)China unites to fight Japan (1930s – 1945) During WW II, United States pumped $During WW II, United States pumped $ into Guomindang partyinto Guomindang party WW II ends, Chinese Civil War for fourWW II ends, Chinese Civil War for four yearyear
- 4. Which one isthe “Real” China?Which one is the “Real” China? Both claim they are theBoth claim they are the true Chinatrue China Taiwan developsTaiwan develops industrially, becomes anindustrially, becomes an economic powerhouseeconomic powerhouse Taiwan’s credibility takesTaiwan’s credibility takes a blow when the Uniteda blow when the United Nations and the UnitedNations and the United States recognize theStates recognize the People’s Republic ofPeople’s Republic of China as China in 1973China as China in 1973 Taiwan refuses to unifyTaiwan refuses to unify with China todaywith China today
- 7. Mao’s ReformsMao’s Reforms Collectivization of agriculture andCollectivization of agriculture and industryindustry – Increases productivity, especiallyIncreases productivity, especially steelsteel Late 1950’s – Great Leap ForwardLate 1950’s – Great Leap Forward – Huge communes created as a way ofHuge communes created as a way of accelerating the creation of a trueaccelerating the creation of a true Marxist stateMarxist state Reality check – production quotas areReality check – production quotas are VERY highVERY high Local governments can’t produce theLocal governments can’t produce the ridiculous quotas, so out of fear of beingridiculous quotas, so out of fear of being punished, they lie and say the quotas arepunished, they lie and say the quotas are being metbeing met – ~30 million Chinese people starve to~30 million Chinese people starve to deathdeath – Truly a Great Leap Backward.Truly a Great Leap Backward.
- 10. Great Leap BackwardGreatLeap Backward Mao’s previous success is erasedMao’s previous success is erased Soviet Union withdrew supportSoviet Union withdrew support – Soviets realize China isn’t following orders…Soviets realize China isn’t following orders… Mao turns focus to military (If Soviet’sMao turns focus to military (If Soviet’s aren’t with China, they’re against China)aren’t with China, they’re against China) – Elements of capitalism introducedElements of capitalism introduced – 1964 – China tests its first atom bomb1964 – China tests its first atom bomb
- 11. Cultural Revolution -1966Cultural Revolution - 1966 Mao – purist, upset his country is straying fromMao – purist, upset his country is straying from communismcommunism Revolution discourages development of aRevolution discourages development of a privileged classprivileged class – Erases all traces of Western-influenced knowledgeErases all traces of Western-influenced knowledge – Closes universities for four yearsCloses universities for four years – Sends students, professors, doctors, lawyers, andSends students, professors, doctors, lawyers, and classical musicians to collective farms for “culturalclassical musicians to collective farms for “cultural retraining”retraining” – Political dissidents imprisoned or killedPolitical dissidents imprisoned or killed
- 12. New CurriculumNew Curriculum Once reopened, curriculum is adjusted toOnce reopened, curriculum is adjusted to include only communist studies and vocationalinclude only communist studies and vocational trainingtraining Little Red Book – Mao’s teachings onLittle Red Book – Mao’s teachings on communism – becomes popular symbol forcommunism – becomes popular symbol for forced egalitarianismforced egalitarianism Cultural Revolution prevents China fromCultural Revolution prevents China from advancing economically or sociallyadvancing economically or socially – By early 1970s, China opens back up to WesternBy early 1970s, China opens back up to Western ideasideas
- 13. 1976 – DengXiaoping1976 – Deng Xiaoping Mao dies, Deng Xiaoping steps upMao dies, Deng Xiaoping steps up Changes education policyChanges education policy Changes Economic policies –Changes Economic policies – – From strict command economy to including elementsFrom strict command economy to including elements of free-market capitalismof free-market capitalism – Allows limited business and property ownership toAllows limited business and property ownership to encourage hard workencourage hard work – Chinese gvt enters joint ventures with foreignChinese gvt enters joint ventures with foreign companiescompanies – Still strictly communist in political senseStill strictly communist in political sense
- 14. Tiananmen Square MassacreTiananmenSquare Massacre June 1989 – about 1 million demonstratorsJune 1989 – about 1 million demonstrators met on Tiananmen Square calling formet on Tiananmen Square calling for democratic reform, bring in a statue – thedemocratic reform, bring in a statue – the Goddess of Democracy and FreedomGoddess of Democracy and Freedom Chinese government reacts violently –Chinese government reacts violently – sends troops into open fire, hundreds ofsends troops into open fire, hundreds of people are killedpeople are killed
- 18. The bodies ofdead civilians lie among mangled bicycles near Beijing's Tiananmen Square early JuneThe bodies of dead civilians lie among mangled bicycles near Beijing's Tiananmen Square early June 4, 1989. Tanks and soldiers stormed the area overnight, bringing a violent end to student4, 1989. Tanks and soldiers stormed the area overnight, bringing a violent end to student demonstrations for democratic reform in Chinademonstrations for democratic reform in China
- 19. A rickshaw driverfiecely peddles the wounded people, with the help of bystanders, to aA rickshaw driver fiecely peddles the wounded people, with the help of bystanders, to a nearby hospital Sunday, June 4, 1989. PLA soldiers again fired hundreds of roundsnearby hospital Sunday, June 4, 1989. PLA soldiers again fired hundreds of rounds towards angry crowds gathered outside Tiananmen Square at noontowards angry crowds gathered outside Tiananmen Square at noon
- 20. "Google Agreesto Censor Results in China,""Google Agrees to Censor Results in China," Associated Press, January 24, 2006.Associated Press, January 24, 2006. Online search engine leader Google Inc. hasOnline search engine leader Google Inc. has agreed to censor its results in China, adhering toagreed to censor its results in China, adhering to the country's free-speech restrictions in returnthe country's free-speech restrictions in return for better access in the Internet's fastest growingfor better access in the Internet's fastest growing market. Although China has loosened some ofmarket. Although China has loosened some of its controls in recent years, some topics, such asits controls in recent years, some topics, such as Taiwan's independence and 1989's TiananmenTaiwan's independence and 1989's Tiananmen Square massacre, remain forbidden subjects.Square massacre, remain forbidden subjects.
- 21. Challenges TodayChallenges Today PopulationPopulation Economic and Political IssuesEconomic and Political Issues – Deng Xiaoping died 1997Deng Xiaoping died 1997 – Jiang Zemin new leaderJiang Zemin new leader Human Rights IssuesHuman Rights Issues – Communist party can stil jail criticsCommunist party can stil jail critics – Tibet – accused of imperialistic tyrannyTibet – accused of imperialistic tyranny Falun Gong sect, Chinese Buddhism sect discriminatedFalun Gong sect, Chinese Buddhism sect discriminated againstagainst Dalai LamaDalai Lama
- 22. In 1991the Dalai Lama alleged that Chinese settlers in Tibet were creating "Chinese Apartheid": The new Chinese settlers have created an alternate society: a Chinese apartheid which, denying Tibetans equal social and economic status in our own land, threatens to finally overwhelm and absorb us.[88][89] The Central Tibetan Administration states that the number that have died in the Great Leap Forward, of violence, or other indirect causes since 1950 is approximately 1.2 million,[90] According to Patrick French, a supporter of the Tibetan cause who was able to view the data and calculations, the estimate is not reliable because the Tibetans were not able to process the data well enough to produce a credible total
- 23. The governmentof Tibet in Exile also saysThe government of Tibet in Exile also says that, fundamentally, the issue is that of thethat, fundamentally, the issue is that of the right to self-determination of the Tibetanright to self-determination of the Tibetan people. The Dalai Lama has stated hispeople. The Dalai Lama has stated his willingness to negotiate with China forwillingness to negotiate with China for genuine autonomy.genuine autonomy.
- 24. Four TigersFour Tigers Or, according to your book – FourOr, according to your book – Four DragonsDragons Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and S.Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and S. KoreaKorea
- 25. Hong KongHong Kong Fell under British rule after Opium WarsFell under British rule after Opium Wars 1949, received many refugees from the Chinese1949, received many refugees from the Chinese RevolutionRevolution Functioned under British control until 1997Functioned under British control until 1997 – HK prospers from tradeHK prospers from trade Especially textiles and electronicsEspecially textiles and electronics Britain turns Hong Kong over to ChinaBritain turns Hong Kong over to China – -Beijing agrees not to change HK’s social or economic-Beijing agrees not to change HK’s social or economic system for 50 yearssystem for 50 years – HK’s people have self-governmentHK’s people have self-government
- 26. SingaporeSingapore Only 200sq miles and 2 million pop.Only 200 sq miles and 2 million pop. Singapore wins independence from Britain in 1959 and from MalayaSingapore wins independence from Britain in 1959 and from Malaya in 1963in 1963 Lee Kwan Yew – autocratic PM for 30 yrsLee Kwan Yew – autocratic PM for 30 yrs – Supports free-market economySupports free-market economy – Keeps labor costs low (and attracted foreign capital)Keeps labor costs low (and attracted foreign capital) – Expands Singapore’s harbor, economy boomsExpands Singapore’s harbor, economy booms Government welcomed skilled immigrants, education for all peopleGovernment welcomed skilled immigrants, education for all people in Chinese and Englishin Chinese and English – Encouraged high tech industries, manufacturing, and tourismEncouraged high tech industries, manufacturing, and tourism – Economy flourishes, government sets up successful public housingEconomy flourishes, government sets up successful public housing program and most married couples became homeowners with the helpprogram and most married couples became homeowners with the help of government loansof government loans Lee and his successors are criticized, claim order is more importantLee and his successors are criticized, claim order is more important than individual freedomthan individual freedom
- 27. KoreasKoreas At endof WWII US and Soviets divide Korea into N andAt end of WWII US and Soviets divide Korea into N and S with the 38S with the 38thth parallelparallel North Korea becomes ruled by Kim Il Sung and seesNorth Korea becomes ruled by Kim Il Sung and sees Soviets as communist allySoviets as communist ally Sout Korea – led by Syngman Rhee – has US supportSout Korea – led by Syngman Rhee – has US support Kim Il Sung wants to reunite Korea, US and UN getKim Il Sung wants to reunite Korea, US and UN get readyready UN forces led by General McArthur nearly reachUN forces led by General McArthur nearly reach Chinese-Korean borderChinese-Korean border China joins and sponsors N. KoreaChina joins and sponsors N. Korea Korean War 1950-1953Korean War 1950-1953 Armistice signed 1953 – StalemateArmistice signed 1953 – Stalemate US has strong military presence in S. KoreaUS has strong military presence in S. Korea