East Asian Music-Grade 8

JAPAN
 Japanese vocal music is quite different
from Western vocal music and is based
on the intervals of human breathing
rather than mathematical timing
 And how Japanese musicians show their
spiritual self-mastery in mastering his or
her instrument more than simply
perfecting a technique of some sort or
how they give value to their performance
and composure

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF
JAPAN
 Traditional Japanese music is basically
meditative in character, its performance
is highly ritualized, as much in the
music itself, as in the composure of the
musicians when performing it.
 The performance of Japanese music has
traditionally been of a spiritual
character, similarly to martial arts and
other forms of arts such as the tea
ceremony and calligraphy

PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
(MEMBRANOPHONE)

ODAIKO (Big Drum)
 The physical energy
and sheer excitement
of an odaiko
performance is an
integral part of many
Japanese matsuri
(festivals).

 There are two varieties, the
smaller kotsuzumi and the larger
otsuzumi.
 They are used in both noh and
kabuki performances.
 The kotsuzumi is held on the right
shoulder and the player alters the
tone by sqeezing the laces.
 The otsuzumi is placed on the left
thigh.

TSURIDAIKO
 A large hanging barrel
drum.

TAIKO
 Is a Japanese drum
that comes in various
sizes and is used to
play a variety of
musical genres.

STRING INSTRUMENTS
(CHORDOPHONE)

KOTO
 It is plucked using picks on the thumb
and first two fingers of the right hand,
while the left hand can be used to modify
pitch and tone.
 It is used in an ensemble in gagaku or a
solo instrument.
 Is a 13-string zither,
about two meters long
and made of Paulownia
wood.

 Is a plucked stringed instrument. Its
construction follows a model similar to
that of a guitar or a banjo, employing
neck, and strings stretched across a
resonating body.
SHAMISEN

 Is a Japanese short-necked fretted lute,
often used in narrative storytelling.
 The biwa is the chosen instrument on
Benten, the goddess of music,
eloquence, poetry, and education in
Japanese Shinto.
BIWA

 The most famous flute made from
bamboo.
 It has four or five finger holes on the
front face and a thumbhole on the rear
face.
 As with other instruments above, it was
imported from China with gagaku.
SHAKUHACHI

NOKAN
 A parallel, bamboo
flute (fue) is the only
melodic instrument
used in noh.
 The melody of the flute
has no specific pitch
relationship with the
melody of the chanting.

HICHIRIKI
 Is a double reed Japanese flute (fue)
used as one of two main melodic
instruments in Japanese gagaku
music, the other being the ryuteki.

SHO
 Is a Japanese free reed
musical instrument that
was introduced from
China during the Nara
period.

SHINOBUE
 Is also called takebue in the context of
Japanese traditional arts.
 It is a Japanese transverse flute or fue
that has a high pitched sound

RYUTEKI
 Literally “dragon flute” is a Japanese
transverse fue made of bamboo.
 It is used in gagaku.

KOREA
 Korea’s folk music tradition, with
its generous use of bright
rhythms and melodies, offers a
more energetic and capricious
contrast to the nation’s collection
of classical music works.

KOREA
 Folk music represents the soul
and sound of traditional Korean
villages with an eclectic array of
music forms including numerous
folk songs, various forms of
instrumental pieces, pansori, and
shaman ritual music

CHONG-AK
 Means literally “right or correct
music” and its tradition includes both
instrumental and vocal music which
were cultivated mainly by the upper-
class literati of the Joseon society.
 Also refers to ensemble music for men
of high social status outside of the
court. In this category, three
important terms are a-ak, tang-ak,
and hyang-ak.

SOG-AK
 Is a category of Korean music
traditionally associated with the lower
classes or for the general public and
are vibrant and energetic.
 It includes genres such as pansori
and minyo

STRING
INSTRUMENTS
(CHORDOPHONE)

 Is a traditional Korean Zither-like
string instrument with 12 strings,
although more recently variants
have been constructed with 21 or
more numbers of strings.
 It is probably known the best-
known traditional Korean musical
instrument.

This 6 string plucked zither
is a traditional Korean
stringed musical instrument
of the zither family of
instruments with both
bridges and frets.

HAEGUM
 2 string vertical fiddle
 Has a rod-like neck, a
hollow wooden sound
box, two silk strings and
is held vertically on the
knee of the performer and
played with a bow.

PIRI
 Used in both folk and classical music
of Korea. It is made of bamboo.

 This 6 string plucked zither is a
traditional Korean stringed musical
instrument of the zither family of
instruments with both bridges and
frets.

PERCUSSION
INSTRUMENTS
(MEMBRANOPHONE)

 Is the most widely used drum in
the traditional music in Korea.
 It is available in most kinds and
consists of an hourglass-shaped
body with two heads made from
animal skin
 The two heads produce sounds of
different pitch and timbre, which
when played together are believed
to represent the harmony of man
and woman.

Musical Instrument Name of
Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-Sachs
Classification
ODAIKO
JAPAN
MEMBRANO-
PHONE
TSUZUMI
JAPAN
MEMBRANO-
PHONE

Musical
Instrument
Name of
Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
TSURIDAIKO
JAPAN
MEMBRANO-
PHONE
TAIKO
JAPAN
MEMBRANO-
PHONE

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
KOTO
JAPAN
CHORDO-
PHONE
SHAMISEN
JAPAN
CHORDO-
PHONE

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
BIWA
JAPAN
CHORDO-
PHONE
SHAKUHATCHI
JAPAN
AERO-
PHONE

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
NOKAN
JAPAN
AERO-
PHONE
HICHIRIKI
JAPAN
AERO-
PHONE

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
SHINOBUE
JAPAN
AERO-
PHONE
RYUTEKI
JAPAN
AERO-
PHONE

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
SHO
JAPAN
AERO-
PHONE

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
YUEQIN
CHINA
CHORDO-
PHONE
PIPA
CHINA
CHORDO-
PHONE

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
ERHU
CHINA
CHORDO-
PHONE
YUNLUO
CHINA
MEMBRANO-
PHONE

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
SHENG
CHINA
AERO-
PHONE
DIZI
CHINA
AERO-
PHONE

Country/
Instrument
Hornbostel-
Sachs
Classification
ZHENG
CHINA
CHORDO-
PHONE
PENGLING
CHINA
MEMRANO-
PHONE

MUSICAL ELEMENTS
VOCAL TIMBRE-nasal and throat
RHYTHM-duple, triple, quadruple
MELODY-pentatonic scale, diatonic
scale
TEXTURE-monophony,homophony,
heterotrophy
FORM-strophic

VOCAL MUSIC OF JAPAN
YO-SEN and IN-SEN
• the two modes of Japanese
music.
• Both consist of five primary
tones based on a scale of seven
tones.
• The ancient melody of Japanese
music is commonly based on
these mode.

SAKURA
• Is a traditional
Japanese folk song
depicting spring, the
season of cherry
blossoms

VOCAL MUSIC OF CHINA
MO LI HUA
• Is a traditional Chinese song with a
beautifully gentle and lyrical melody.
• It also turn it into love song
• The song describes a custom of
giving jasmine flowers, popular in
the southern Yangtze delta region of
China
• Another version describes the fear of
plucking the flower.

VOCAL MUSIC OF KOREA
ARIRANG
• Is a Korean folk song.
• It is sometimes used as a symbol of
Korea and Korean culture.
• It is the essence a song of farewell
• The word means “a hill”

East Asian Music-Grade 8

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