Ecological Pyramids

Ecological Pyramids

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  Content • Ecological pyramid •Types of pyramid • Pyramid of numbers • Pyramid of biomass • Pyramid of energy
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  ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID The useof Ecological Pyramid was first described by Charles Elton in 1927.  Ecological Pyramids are graphical representation of the number of individual present or amount of biomass synthesized or amount of energy stored at successive trophic levels in an ecosystem. Ecological Pyramids are starting with producers at the base and successive trophic levels forming the apex is known as an Ecological pyramid.
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  TYPES OF PYRAMID PYRAMID OF NUMBERS PYRAMID OF BIOMASS PYRAMID OF ENERGY UPRIGHTUPRIGHT ALWAYS UPRIGHT INVERTED INVERTED
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  Graphical representation ofnumerical strength of various populations in different trophic levels per unit area of an ecosystem. Usually upright. Inverted and spindle shaped only in some parasitic food chain and tree ecosystem.
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  Pyramid of numbers Inmost of the ecosystem, 1. number of individual is generally maximum at the producer level. 2. the number of herbivores is lesser than the producers. 3. the number of carnivores is lesser than the herbivores.
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  Pyramid of numbers TOP CARNIVO RES CARNIVORES HERBIVORES PRODUCER InCropland and Grassland Ecosystem In a Pond Ecosystem  GRASSES  INSECTS  LIZARDS  HAWKS PHYTO -PLANKTON  ZOOPLANKTON  SMALL FISHES  LARGE FISHES 
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  Pyramid of numbers The pyramid of number in a Parasitic Food Chain is inverted. HYPER PARASITES PARASITES HERBIVORES PRODUCER  FLEAS, MICROBES  LICE, BUGS  BIRDS  TREES
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   The pyramidof number of a tree ecosystem is spindle-shaped. PRODUCER HERBIVORES CARNIVORES TOP CARNIVORE S  LION, TIGER  SNAKES, FOXES, LIZARDS  INSECTS, BIRDS  TREES
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  Biomass is thetotal weight of living matter per unit area. In terrestrial ecosystem, Biomass decreases from the producer level to the consumer level. So, the pyramid of biomass of terrestrial ecosystem is upright.
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  TOP CARNIVOR ES CARNIVORES HERBIVORES PRODUCER In terrestrial ecosystem GRASSES  INSECTS  LIZARDS  HAWKS Pyramid of biomass
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  Pyramid of biomass Inaquatic ecosystem producer are small organisms, so their biomass is less. The primary and secondary consumers are bigger, so their biomass is more. Therefore pyramid of biomass of aquatic ecosystems are inverted. TOP CARNIVORES CARNIVORES HERBIV ORES PRODUC ER PHYTOPLANKTON  ZOOPLANKTON  SMALL FISHES  LARGE FISHES 
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  Pyramid of energy In an ecosystem energy flows from the producer level to the consumer levels.  During energy flow 80-90% of energy lost at each trophic level and only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level.  Therefore pyramid of energy is always upright.
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  Pyramid of energy TOP CARNIVORES CARNIVORES HERBIVORES PRODUCER
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  Thank you