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Ecology
The document outlines basic principles of ecology, defining ecosystems as composed of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. It explains energy transfer through food chains and webs, describing the roles of various organisms, including producers, consumers, and decomposers. Additionally, it introduces ecological pyramids that depict energy, biomass, and numbers of organisms at different trophic levels, illustrating the decrease in biomass and individual numbers as one moves up the pyramid.
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Introduction to ecology and ecosystems, including biotic and abiotic factors, habitats, populations, and ecological niches.
Introduction to ecology and ecosystems, including biotic and abiotic factors, habitats, populations, and ecological niches.
Energy flow in ecosystems through herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, and scavengers.
Concepts of food chains and food webs showing interactions between different organisms.
Concepts of food chains and food webs showing interactions between different organisms.
Types of ecological pyramids: energy, biomass, and numbers, illustrating energy transfer and organism populations.
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Ecology
- 1. ECOLOGY Basic Principles in Ecology
- 3. THE ECOSYSTEM All organisms,their interactions with one another and their environments make up an ecosystem.
- 4. Biotic Abiotic Factors Factors Producers Water, soil Temperature, Consumers wind Light, nutrient s Decomposers (C, O, P, N, etc. )
- 5. TERMINOLOGIES: BIOTIC FACTORS = living components in an ecosystem ABIOTIC FACTORS = non- living components in an ecosystem HABITAT = part of an ecosystem where species live
- 6. POPULATION = group of similar species living in one area or habitat ECOLOGICAL NICHE / NICHE = the way where organisms relate or pursue in their environment (surviving in an area)
- 7. TRANSFER OF ENERGY INAN ECOSYSTEM
- 8. TRANSFER OF ENERGYIN AN ECOSYSTEM Herbivores – eat plants Omnivores Carnivores –eat both CONSUMER – eat plants & animals animals Scavengers – feed only on dead organisms
- 9. FOOD CHAIN Organisms inone level feed upon organisms at the lower level.
- 11. FOOD WEB It isa network of interacting food chains.
- 13. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID Thisshows how energy is transferred and changed when going up the pyramid.
- 14. THREE TYPES OFECOLOGICAL PYRAMID A. Pyramid of Energy – shows the amount of energy in calories (Kcal / cal) B. Pyramid of Biomass – shows the biomass of all organisms and individuals C. Pyramid of Numbers – shows the number of individuals feeding at each tropic level
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- 18. TAKE NOTE: These pyramidsshow that the biomass or numbers of individuals in each trophic level decreases along with the available energy.