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EDITED RADIATION PROTECTION PRESENTATION (1).pptx
- 1. RADIATION PROTECTION AND SAFETY MEASURES BY:MR.A. B. BANDA CHIEF RADIOGRAPHER DATE: 26/01/2023 Audience: Radiology Team
- 2. OUTLINE • Aim • Objectives •Introduction • Elements /content/ subject matter • Conclusion
- 3. AIM • To impartknowledge, skills and attitude to Medical Imaging Technologists Radiographers) on radiation protection and safety measures.
- 4. OBJECTIVES Participants should beable to: i) State properties of x-rays in any order. ii) State three (3) basic radiation principles of radiation protection and safety measures. iii) Apply radiation protection and safety measures in radiology department in line with the ALARA-Principle. iii) Explain risks associated with exposures to medical x-ray radiation.
- 5. INTRODUCTION. Radiology departments usesionizing radiation in imaging images by use of - ray radiation.The Principle ALARA (as low as Reasonable Achievable) is a cardinal in minimizing patients radiation doses. It is the responsibilities of Medical Imaging Technologists (Radiographers) to protect the patient, himself / herself and public by employing radiation protection measures.
- 6. DEFINITION: Radiation protection, alsoknown as radiological protection, is defined by international Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as “the protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and means for archiving the protection” Exposure can be from a source of radiation external to human body or due to internal irradiation caused by ingestion of radioactive contamination.
- 7. ELEMENT/CONTENT PROPERTIES OF X-RAYS •i) Are invisible • ii)Travel in straight line • iii) Propagate (travel) at a speed pf light. • iv) Penetrate matter • v) Able to ionize matter • vi) Are partially scattered by matter
- 8. PROPERTIES OF X-RAYS(CONT.…) vii) Are absorbed /attenuated by matter. viii) Have biological effects on living organisms ix) Are unaffected by electric and magnetic filed. x) Are produced by the impact of electrons on matter /target. xi) Affect photographic elusions ( produce latent images) xii) Produce visible light (phosphorence and fluorescence) on certain materials. xiii) Are able to liberate photo electrons.
- 9. RADIATION PROTECTION ANDSAFETY MEASURES • Due to biological side effects of x-radiation on living organisms, use of x-rays is potentially dangerous.
- 10. CATEGORIES OF PEOPLETO BE PROTECTED. • i) Patients: under going x-ray examination • ii) Operator: (himself/herself) • iii) Public :patient escortees, anybody supporting the patient during x-ray examination.
- 11. THREE (3) BASICSAFETY MEASURES (TDS-PRINCIPLE) • i) T = Time: Use of shortest possible exposure time and screening times. • ii) D = Distance: Knowledge of inverse square law. • iii) S = Shielding: Using all forms of shielding / accessories available.
- 12. SHIELD ACCESSORIES (LEAD APRON:MALE & FEMALE GONAD SHIELDS)
- 13. GOLDEN RULETO RADIATIONPROTECTION • 1. Referring Doctors / Clinicians. • -To justify or weigh the benefits when requesting x-ray examinations (Policy RAD:8.1.2.) • 2.- No x-rays MUST be performed without doctors x-ray request form (Policy RAD:8.1.2) • 3) -NO UNQUALIFIED personnel is authorized to operate x-ray equipment.(RAD:8.1.2). • 4.-Ten (10) day rule application to females of child bearing ages.
- 14. SENSITIVE BODY PARTSTOX-RADIATION • Eyes • Thyroid • Gonads • Bone marrow
- 15. PICTURES OF EYES,GONADSANDTHYROID
- 16. • Babies • Pregnantwomen • Repeat x-rays • Follow up x-rays (check x-rays) : NB: Controls x-rays PATTIENS AT HIGH RISK
- 17. PICTURE PREGNANT WOMAN& BABY
- 18. SIDE EFFECTS OFRADIATION • They are two (2) major side effects: • i) Stochastic (Genetic future generations) • ii) Determinant (Immediate ,shortest possible time, weeks and months)
- 19. SAFETY GUIDE LINES •Radiation Protection safety Guidelines: Specific radiation protection measures are required when participating in fluoroscopy, portable/Theatre-operating room procedures. • Pregnant worker is to wear a lead apron preferably 0.5mm pb.eq) with one badge worn outside the apron at the collar, and the other under the lead apron at the waist level.
- 20. SAFETY GUIDE LINES(CONT…) • REFERENCES: • 1 )NETCARE - radiation protection policy • 2) IAEA presentations • 3) Policy-RAD:8.1.2 • 4) Lecture notes
- 21. NETCARE , QMMHAND IAEA REFERENCES
- 22. CONCNLUSION After this foregoingpresentation, Medical Imaging Technologists (Radiographers) will have gained extra knowledge about properties of x-rays, hazards or sided effects associate with exposure to radiation; use appropriate measures to protect patients, self and public. Shall be mindful in selecting appropriate accessories / devices that minimizes radiation exposures in line with the ALARA principle.
- 23. RADIATION PROTECTION ANDSAFETY MEASURES (OBSERVATIONS OR CONTRIBUTIONS)
- 24. RADIATION PROTECTION ANDSAFETY MEASURES THANKYOU