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![Effect of different types of washing processes on the strength and weight
loss of the Denim fabric
MEMON Hafeezullah, KHOSO Nazakat Ali, WENG BuYing, ZHU Chengyan*
School of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
Materials: A 100% Cotton 1/3 twill woven fabric
having construction 60X56/8X10 with 380g/m2,
sewn in the form of leg tubes stitched by 100 Tex
and fell seam (8.25 SPI) was washed by stone
washing (1:2 stone to fabric ratio), enzymatic
washing (15 g/l), bleach washing (40 g/l) and
stone and enzymatic washing (1:1.5 and 10 g/l).
Firstly enzymatic Desizing was done by using
dispersing agent: Respers PT (0.5 g/l), Desizing
agent: α-amylase (1 g/l) for 15 minutes at 50˚C,
followed by rinsing (2 min), extracting (450 rpm)
and air drying. All washings were done at
optimized temperature (45˚C) by varying time (20-
25-30 min).
Denim fabric is preferred not only for casual use in the garments, but now even some
use it formally in daily routine garments. These denim garments passes through the
washing and finishing process. These washing include, bleach wash, enzyme wash
and stone wash. The chemical washes are normally used to remove unfixed dyes and
other particulate from the surface of fabric [1]. Whereas enzyme wash is used to
obtain different looks into the garments. The denim garments being used today are
liked with worn look, this worn look is obtained by the rigorous washing. These
introductions of the worn looks by rigorous washing lead to the loss of strength of the
garments[2]. It is obvious that there will be some loss in terms of the strength of the
garments, but till what extent the loss in strength comes into the garments is here to
be determined. This project is industrial based project, in which Tensile strength, Tear
strength and weight loss (GSM) of garments by using different washing methods
being practiced.
1. Sangita, S., Kumar, P.S. and Chandran, M.R.,“Types of Stone Wash & Their Effects on the Denim Fabric”, The Indian Textile Journal,
February, 2010.
2. Duran, N. and M. Duran, 2000. Enzyme applications in the textile industry. Rev. Prog. coloration, 30: 41-44
3. ASTM D 1776, “Standard Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing”, Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 07.01. ASTM International,
PA, USA, 2008.
4. ASTM D 5034, “Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab test)”, Annual book of ASTM
Standards, Vol. 07.01. ASTM International, PA, USA, 2009.
5. ASTM D 5822/ ASTM D-204, Standard Test Method for Determining Seam Strength of sewing threads, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2013, www.astm.org
6. ASTM D 3776, “Standard Test Methods for Mass per Unit Area (weight) of Woven Fabric”, Annual book of ASTM Standards, Vol.
07.02, 1996.
All washing treatments indicated great influence on the tensile strength,
seam strength and weight loss of fabric by increasing time, temperature
and stones. It was concluded from this study that, the enzymatic washing
have ideal results as compared other washes. Therefore it is found from
the above results, that the stone wash, stone plus enzyme wash and
chemical wash are not affordable, to fabric mechanical properties. As
stone abrasion damages the fabric, as result the fabric GSM, and Tensile
strength, Seam performance are also influenced adversly.
This work was financially supported by the Crescent Bahuman Ltd. Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Fig. 1 Effect of different washes on Tensile strength
( Warp, Weft) of Denim fabric.
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
Asia-Africa Science Platform Program on
Neo-fiber Technology
Seminar Series 9
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
CONCLUSION REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Methodology: Treated all denim leg panels were
conditioned in 65% RH and 20°C for 24 hour before
testing according to ASTM D1776[3]. In this research the
effect of different washes on Mechanical properties -
Tensile strength (breaking force) of denim fabric (Warp and
Weft wise) was determined by the ASTM D 5034 [4]. Effect
of different washes on Seam Strength of Denim fabric was
determined seam strength tester according to ASTM
D5822 [5]. Effect of different washes on GSM of Denim
fabric GSM was calculated according to ASTM D 3776 [6].
All the samples were washed on sampling machine used in
industrial applications, in order to get the exact data and
results that may match to the practical application of this
project. Five samples for each trial were made in order to
avoid error and to maximize accuracy of the data. All the
experiments were done in Crescent Bahuman Ltd,
Faisalabad, Pakistan.
The changes in the fabric weight
(GSM) before and after different
washes, the Loss of weight was
found at maximum by bleach
washing, after enzyme and stone
more weight loss respectively as
compared to enzyme wash.
Therefore optimistic results for
GSM was achieved by Enzymatic
washing. Stone plus Enzymatic
washing showed the similar
results (slightly lesser) with
Enzymatic washing, as compared
other washes respectively, as
shown in Fig.2.
Fig. 2 Effect of different washes on GSM of
Denim fabric Fig. 3 Effect of different washes on Seam Strength of
Denim fabric.
The changes in Seam strength of
denim fabric before and after
different washes showed greater
Loss of strength was found by
bleach washing, after enzyme and
stone more weight loss
respectively as compared to
enzyme wash. Therefore ideal
strength and weight were
achieved by enzyme washing.
Stone plus enzyme washing
showed the comparable results as
compared to stone and bleach
wash respectively, as shown in
Fig.3.
The change in tensile strength of
denim fabric, warp and wet wise is
represented in the figure.1, the
strength loss of warp and weft
yarns was found at maximum by
bleach washing, after enzyme and
stone more weight loss
respectively as compared to
enzyme wash, and reduces with
all other washes. Therefore ideal
strength and weight can be
achieved by Enzymatic washing.
Stone plus Enzymatic washing
showed the comparable results
(slightly lesser) with Enzymatic
washing, as compared to stone
and bleach wash respectively, as
shown in Fig.1.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/effectofdifferenttypesofwashingprocessesonthestrengthandweightlossofthedenimfabric1-150828233316-lva1-app6892/85/Effect-of-different-types-of-washing-processes-on-the-strength-and-weight-loss-of-the-denim-fabric-2-320.jpg)
![Effect of different types of washing processes on the strength and weight
loss of the Denim fabric
MEMON Hafeezullah, KHOSO Nazakat Ali, WENG BuYing, ZHU Chengyan*
School of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
Materials: A 100% Cotton 1/3 twill woven fabric
having construction 60X56/8X10 with 380g/m2,
sewn in the form of leg tubes stitched by 100 Tex
and fell seam (8.25 SPI) was washed by stone
washing (1:2 stone to fabric ratio), enzymatic
washing (15 g/l), bleach washing (40 g/l) and
stone and enzymatic washing (1:1.5 and 10 g/l).
Firstly enzymatic Desizing was done by using
dispersing agent: Respers PT (0.5 g/l), Desizing
agent: α-amylase (1 g/l) for 15 minutes at 50˚C,
followed by rinsing (2 min), extracting (450 rpm)
and air drying. All washings were done at
optimized temperature (45˚C) by varying time (20-
25-30 min).
Denim fabric is preferred not only for casual use in the garments, but now even some
use it formally in daily routine garments. These denim garments passes through the
washing and finishing process. These washing include, bleach wash, enzyme wash
and stone wash. The chemical washes are normally used to remove unfixed dyes and
other particulate from the surface of fabric [1]. Whereas enzyme wash is used to
obtain different looks into the garments. The denim garments being used today are
liked with worn look, this worn look is obtained by the rigorous washing. These
introductions of the worn looks by rigorous washing lead to the loss of strength of the
garments[2]. It is obvious that there will be some loss in terms of the strength of the
garments, but till what extent the loss in strength comes into the garments is here to
be determined. This project is industrial based project, in which Tensile strength, Tear
strength and weight loss (GSM) of garments by using different washing methods
being practiced.
1. Sangita, S., Kumar, P.S. and Chandran, M.R.,“Types of Stone Wash & Their Effects on the Denim Fabric”, The Indian Textile Journal,
February, 2010.
2. Duran, N. and M. Duran, 2000. Enzyme applications in the textile industry. Rev. Prog. coloration, 30: 41-44
3. ASTM D 1776, “Standard Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing”, Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 07.01. ASTM International,
PA, USA, 2008.
4. ASTM D 5034, “Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab test)”, Annual book of ASTM
Standards, Vol. 07.01. ASTM International, PA, USA, 2009.
5. ASTM D 5822/ ASTM D-204, Standard Test Method for Determining Seam Strength of sewing threads, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2013, www.astm.org
6. ASTM D 3776, “Standard Test Methods for Mass per Unit Area (weight) of Woven Fabric”, Annual book of ASTM Standards, Vol.
07.02, 1996.
All washing treatments indicated great influence on the tensile strength,
seam strength and weight loss of fabric by increasing time, temperature
and stones. It was concluded from this study that, the enzymatic washing
have ideal results as compared other washes. Therefore it is found from
the above results, that the stone wash, stone plus enzyme wash and
chemical wash are not affordable, to fabric mechanical properties. As
stone abrasion damages the fabric, as result the fabric GSM, and Tensile
strength, Seam performance are also influenced adversly.
This work was financially supported by the Crescent Bahuman Ltd. Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Fig. 1 Effect of different washes on Tensile strength
( Warp, Weft) of Denim fabric.
Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
Asia-Africa Science Platform Program on
Neo-fiber Technology
Seminar Series 9
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
CONCLUSION REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Methodology: Treated all denim leg panels were
conditioned in 65% RH and 20°C for 24 hour before
testing according to ASTM D1776[3]. In this research the
effect of different washes on Mechanical properties -
Tensile strength (breaking force) of denim fabric (Warp and
Weft wise) was determined by the ASTM D 5034 [4]. Effect
of different washes on Seam Strength of Denim fabric was
determined seam strength tester according to ASTM
D5822 [5]. Effect of different washes on GSM of Denim
fabric GSM was calculated according to ASTM D 3776 [6].
All the samples were washed on sampling machine used in
industrial applications, in order to get the exact data and
results that may match to the practical application of this
project. Five samples for each trial were made in order to
avoid error and to maximize accuracy of the data. All the
experiments were done in Crescent Bahuman Ltd,
Faisalabad, Pakistan.
The changes in the fabric weight
(GSM) before and after different
washes, the Loss of weight was
found at maximum by bleach
washing, after enzyme and stone
more weight loss respectively as
compared to enzyme wash.
Therefore optimistic results for
GSM was achieved by Enzymatic
washing. Stone plus Enzymatic
washing showed the similar
results (slightly lesser) with
Enzymatic washing, as compared
other washes respectively, as
shown in Fig.2.
Fig. 2 Effect of different washes on GSM of
Denim fabric Fig. 3 Effect of different washes on Seam Strength of
Denim fabric.
The changes in Seam strength of
denim fabric before and after
different washes showed greater
Loss of strength was found by
bleach washing, after enzyme and
stone more weight loss
respectively as compared to
enzyme wash. Therefore ideal
strength and weight were
achieved by enzyme washing.
Stone plus enzyme washing
showed the comparable results as
compared to stone and bleach
wash respectively, as shown in
Fig.3.
The change in tensile strength of
denim fabric, warp and wet wise is
represented in the figure.1, the
strength loss of warp and weft
yarns was found at maximum by
bleach washing, after enzyme and
stone more weight loss
respectively as compared to
enzyme wash, and reduces with
all other washes. Therefore ideal
strength and weight can be
achieved by Enzymatic washing.
Stone plus Enzymatic washing
showed the comparable results
(slightly lesser) with Enzymatic
washing, as compared to stone
and bleach wash respectively, as
shown in Fig.1.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/effectofdifferenttypesofwashingprocessesonthestrengthandweightlossofthedenimfabric1-150828233316-lva1-app6892/75/Effect-of-different-types-of-washing-processes-on-the-strength-and-weight-loss-of-the-denim-fabric-2-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byHafeezullah Memon
Effect of different types of washing processes on the strength and weight loss of the denim fabric
This study investigates the impact of various washing processes on the tensile strength and weight loss of denim fabric, specifically through stone, enzymatic, bleach, and combined washing methods. Findings reveal that enzymatic washing yields the least damage to fabric properties, while bleach washing causes the most significant loss in strength and weight. The research utilized standardized testing methods in an industrial setting to provide practical implications for denim garment manufacturing.
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Similar to Effect of different types of washing processes on the strength and weight loss of the denim fabric
Effect of different types of washing processes on the strength and weight loss of the denim fabric
- 1.
- 2. Effect of differenttypes of washing processes on the strength and weight loss of the Denim fabric MEMON Hafeezullah, KHOSO Nazakat Ali, WENG BuYing, ZHU Chengyan* School of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China Materials: A 100% Cotton 1/3 twill woven fabric having construction 60X56/8X10 with 380g/m2, sewn in the form of leg tubes stitched by 100 Tex and fell seam (8.25 SPI) was washed by stone washing (1:2 stone to fabric ratio), enzymatic washing (15 g/l), bleach washing (40 g/l) and stone and enzymatic washing (1:1.5 and 10 g/l). Firstly enzymatic Desizing was done by using dispersing agent: Respers PT (0.5 g/l), Desizing agent: α-amylase (1 g/l) for 15 minutes at 50˚C, followed by rinsing (2 min), extracting (450 rpm) and air drying. All washings were done at optimized temperature (45˚C) by varying time (20- 25-30 min). Denim fabric is preferred not only for casual use in the garments, but now even some use it formally in daily routine garments. These denim garments passes through the washing and finishing process. These washing include, bleach wash, enzyme wash and stone wash. The chemical washes are normally used to remove unfixed dyes and other particulate from the surface of fabric [1]. Whereas enzyme wash is used to obtain different looks into the garments. The denim garments being used today are liked with worn look, this worn look is obtained by the rigorous washing. These introductions of the worn looks by rigorous washing lead to the loss of strength of the garments[2]. It is obvious that there will be some loss in terms of the strength of the garments, but till what extent the loss in strength comes into the garments is here to be determined. This project is industrial based project, in which Tensile strength, Tear strength and weight loss (GSM) of garments by using different washing methods being practiced. 1. Sangita, S., Kumar, P.S. and Chandran, M.R.,“Types of Stone Wash & Their Effects on the Denim Fabric”, The Indian Textile Journal, February, 2010. 2. Duran, N. and M. Duran, 2000. Enzyme applications in the textile industry. Rev. Prog. coloration, 30: 41-44 3. ASTM D 1776, “Standard Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing”, Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 07.01. ASTM International, PA, USA, 2008. 4. ASTM D 5034, “Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab test)”, Annual book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 07.01. ASTM International, PA, USA, 2009. 5. ASTM D 5822/ ASTM D-204, Standard Test Method for Determining Seam Strength of sewing threads, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013, www.astm.org 6. ASTM D 3776, “Standard Test Methods for Mass per Unit Area (weight) of Woven Fabric”, Annual book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 07.02, 1996. All washing treatments indicated great influence on the tensile strength, seam strength and weight loss of fabric by increasing time, temperature and stones. It was concluded from this study that, the enzymatic washing have ideal results as compared other washes. Therefore it is found from the above results, that the stone wash, stone plus enzyme wash and chemical wash are not affordable, to fabric mechanical properties. As stone abrasion damages the fabric, as result the fabric GSM, and Tensile strength, Seam performance are also influenced adversly. This work was financially supported by the Crescent Bahuman Ltd. Faisalabad, Pakistan. Fig. 1 Effect of different washes on Tensile strength ( Warp, Weft) of Denim fabric. Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Asia-Africa Science Platform Program on Neo-fiber Technology Seminar Series 9 INTRODUCTION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION EXPERIMENTAL SECTION CONCLUSION REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Methodology: Treated all denim leg panels were conditioned in 65% RH and 20°C for 24 hour before testing according to ASTM D1776[3]. In this research the effect of different washes on Mechanical properties - Tensile strength (breaking force) of denim fabric (Warp and Weft wise) was determined by the ASTM D 5034 [4]. Effect of different washes on Seam Strength of Denim fabric was determined seam strength tester according to ASTM D5822 [5]. Effect of different washes on GSM of Denim fabric GSM was calculated according to ASTM D 3776 [6]. All the samples were washed on sampling machine used in industrial applications, in order to get the exact data and results that may match to the practical application of this project. Five samples for each trial were made in order to avoid error and to maximize accuracy of the data. All the experiments were done in Crescent Bahuman Ltd, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The changes in the fabric weight (GSM) before and after different washes, the Loss of weight was found at maximum by bleach washing, after enzyme and stone more weight loss respectively as compared to enzyme wash. Therefore optimistic results for GSM was achieved by Enzymatic washing. Stone plus Enzymatic washing showed the similar results (slightly lesser) with Enzymatic washing, as compared other washes respectively, as shown in Fig.2. Fig. 2 Effect of different washes on GSM of Denim fabric Fig. 3 Effect of different washes on Seam Strength of Denim fabric. The changes in Seam strength of denim fabric before and after different washes showed greater Loss of strength was found by bleach washing, after enzyme and stone more weight loss respectively as compared to enzyme wash. Therefore ideal strength and weight were achieved by enzyme washing. Stone plus enzyme washing showed the comparable results as compared to stone and bleach wash respectively, as shown in Fig.3. The change in tensile strength of denim fabric, warp and wet wise is represented in the figure.1, the strength loss of warp and weft yarns was found at maximum by bleach washing, after enzyme and stone more weight loss respectively as compared to enzyme wash, and reduces with all other washes. Therefore ideal strength and weight can be achieved by Enzymatic washing. Stone plus Enzymatic washing showed the comparable results (slightly lesser) with Enzymatic washing, as compared to stone and bleach wash respectively, as shown in Fig.1.