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Effect of Drugs on Dog's Blood Pressure using CAL (Computer aided learning)
The document outlines a computer-aided learning method for studying the effects of various drugs on blood pressure and heart rate in dogs, focusing on vasopressor and vasodepressor agents. It details specific learning objectives, experimental procedures, and observations for administering drugs such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine. The results demonstrate how different drugs can lead to increased or decreased blood pressure and their respective clinical uses.
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Effect of Drugs on Dog's Blood Pressure using CAL (Computer aided learning)
- 1. EFFECT OF DRUGSON DOG'S BLOOD PRESSURE - COMPUTER AIDED LEARNING (CAL) METHOD Dr. Shivankan Kakkar, MD
- 2. COMPETENCY- The studentshould be able to: Demonstrate the effects of drugs on blood pressure (vasopressor and vasodepressors with appropriate blockers) using computer aided learning NATIONAL MEDICAL COMMISSION (N.M.C.) M.B.B.S. UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULUM Vol. I PHARMACOLOGY (CODE: PH) NUMBER -PH4.2
- 3. Specific Learning Objectives Atthe end of the practical class, the student shall be able to: 1. Explain the effect of drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system on blood pressure and heart rate. 2. Identify an unknown drug using these two parameters and its interaction with other known drugs Note: This experiment is demonstrated using ExPharm - a computer simulation software programme designed and produced by Dr. R. Raveendran. Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 3
- 4. Exercise I: Vasopressor &Vasodepressor Agents Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 4
- 5. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 5
- 6. Introduction to Program •The animal (mongrel dog) has been anesthetized and set up. • Left side carotid artery is cannulated and connected to a blood pressure recorder. Heart rate is monitored and recorded. • Drugs are injected into the femoral vein through a cannula and washed in with a small volume of saline. • The recordings of blood pressure and heart rate are indicated in black and red respectively. Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 6
- 7. • Task I:Administer the following drugs one by one and observe the effects:- 1. Epinephrine (Epi) 0.1 mcg/kg {Low Dose} 2. Epinephrine (Epi) 3 mcg/kg {High Dose} 3. Norepinephrine (Nepi) 3 mcg/kg 4. Isoprenaline (Iso) 3 mcg/kg 5. Acetylcholine (Ach) 5 mcg/kg 6. Histamine (Hist) 4 mcg/kg Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 7
- 8. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 8 1. Inject Epi 0.1 mcg/kg (Low Dose) STEP 1
- 9. Observation Table Experimental Pharmacologyby DrShivMD 9 S.No. Drug Effect Inference 1. Epinephrine (Low Dose) Decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) Epinephrine in low doses stimulates beta receptors 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- 10. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 10 2. Inject Epi 3 mcg/kg (High Dose) STEP 2
- 11. Observation Table S.No. DrugEffect Inference 1. Epinephrine (Low Dose) Decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) Epinephrine in low doses stimulates beta receptors 2. Epinephrine (High Dose) Biphasic Response- Initial rise in BP…. followed by….. fall in BP Epinephrine in high doses stimulates both alpha and beta receptors 3. 4. 5. 6. Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 11
- 12. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 12 3. Inject Nepi 3 mcg/kg STEP 3
- 13. Observation Table S.No. DrugEffect Inference 1. Epinephrine (Low Dose) Decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) Epinephrine in low doses stimulates beta receptors 2. Epinephrine (High Dose) Biphasic Response- Initial rise in BP…. followed by….. fall in BP Epinephrine in high doses stimulates both alpha and beta receptors 3. Norepinephrine Increase in BP Norepinephrine is a Vasopressor Agent 4. 5. 6. Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 13
- 14. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 14 4. Inject Iso 3 mcg/kg STEP 4
- 15. Observation Table S.No. DrugEffect Inference 1. Epinephrine (Low Dose) Decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) Epinephrine in low doses stimulates beta receptors 2. Epinephrine (High Dose) Biphasic Response- Initial rise in BP…. followed by….. fall in BP Epinephrine in high doses stimulates both alpha and beta receptors 3. Norepinephrine Increase in BP Norepinephrine is a Vasopressor Agent 4. Isoprenaline Decrease in BP (Gradual fall and gradual rise) Isoprenaline is a Vasodepressor Agent 5. 6. Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 15
- 16. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 16 4. Inject ACh 5 mcg/kg STEP 5
- 17. Observation Table S.No. DrugEffect Inference 1. Epinephrine (Low Dose) Decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) Epinephrine in low doses stimulates beta receptors 2. Epinephrine (High Dose) Biphasic Response- Initial rise in BP…. followed by….. fall in BP Epinephrine in high doses stimulates both alpha and beta receptors 3. Norepinephrine Increase in BP Norepinephrine is a Vasopressor Agent 4. Isoprenaline Decrease in BP (Gradual fall and gradual rise) Isoprenaline is a Vasodepressor Agent 5. Acetylcholine Decrease in BP (Rapid fall and rapid rise) Muscarinic action of ACh 6. Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 17
- 18. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 18 6. Inject Hist 4 mcg/kg STEP 6
- 19. Observation Table S.No. DrugEffect Inference 1. Epinephrine (Low Dose) Decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) Epinephrine in low doses stimulates beta receptors 2. Epinephrine (High Dose) Biphasic Response- Initial rise in BP…. followed by….. fall in BP Epinephrine in high doses stimulates both alpha and beta receptors 3. Norepinephrine Increase in BP Norepinephrine is a Vasopressor Agent 4. Isoprenaline Decrease in BP (Gradual fall and gradual rise) Isoprenaline is a Vasodepressor Agent 5. Acetylcholine Decrease in BP (Rapid fall and rapid rise) Muscarinic action of ACh 6. Histamine Decrease in BP (Rapid fall but gradual rise) Histamine H1 receptor activation causes vasodialation Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 19
- 20. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 20 Exercise I: Vasopressor & Vasodepressor Agents
- 21. Clinical Uses • Epinephrine: Anaphylaxis,Cardiac Arrest, Bronchial Asthma • Norepinephrine: Shock, Caridac Arrest • Isoprenaline: Bronchospasm, Bradycardia Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 21
- 22. Exercise II: Vasomotor Reversalof Dale Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 22
- 23. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 23
- 24. Introduction to Program •The animal (mongrel dog) has been anesthetized and set up. • Left side carotid artery is cannulated and connected to a blood pressure recorder. Heart rate is monitored and recorded. • Drugs are injected into the femoral vein through a cannula and washed in with a small volume of saline. • The recordings of blood pressure and heart rate are indicated in black and red respectively. Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 24
- 25. • Task II:Administer the following drugs one by one and observe the effects:- 1. Epinephrine (Epi) 3 mcg/kg 2. Phentolamine (Phen) 1000 mcg/kg 3. Epinephrine (Epi) 3 mcg/kg Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 25
- 26. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 26 STEP 1 1. Inject Epi 3 mcg/kg
- 27. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 27 STEP 2 2. Inject Phen 1000 mcg/kg
- 28. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 28 STEP 3 3. Inject Epi 3 mcg/kg
- 29. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 29 Exercise II: Vasomotor Reversal of Dale
- 30. Tachyphylaxis Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 30
- 31. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 31
- 32. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 32
- 33. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 33 STEP 1 1. Inject Ephe 200 mcg/kg
- 34. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 34 STEP 2 2. Inject Ephe 200 mcg/kg
- 35. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 35 STEP 3 3. Inject Ephe 200 mcg/kg
- 36. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 36 STEP 4 4. Inject Ephe 200 mcg/kg
- 37. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 37
- 38. Nicotinic Effects ofACh Experimental Pharmacology by DrShivMD 38
- 39. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 39
- 40. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 40
- 41. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 41 STEP 1 1. Inject ACh 5 mcg/kg
- 42. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 42 STEP 2 2. Inject Atropine 2000 mcg/kg
- 43. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 43 STEP 3 3. Inject ACh 200 mcg/kg
- 44. Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 44
- 45.
- 46. TEST YOURSELF Experimental Pharmacologyby DrShivMD 46
- 47. KEY Experimental Pharmacology byDrShivMD 47