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Eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

The document outlines the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which are eight goals aimed at addressing major global development challenges, with specific targets and indicators for monitoring progress. It highlights the roles of various UN agencies, such as the UNDP, UNFPA, and UNEP, in supporting initiatives related to health, gender equality, environmental sustainability, and poverty reduction. The document emphasizes a collaborative framework involving developing and developed countries to achieve these goals by 2015.

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selfexplanatory.2022 Hello HI नमस्ते ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ع‬ ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َل‬ َّ ‫الس‬ ِ َّ ‫ٱَّلل‬ ُ‫اة‬‫م‬ْ‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬‫كا‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫و‬ Saba Parvin Haque M.Sc. Life Sciences (Specialization in Neurobiology) from “Sophia College” (Autonomous), Mumbai.
https://i1.wp.com/www.mdgmonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MDGs-notable-challenges.png?resize=719%2C277&ssl=1 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world’s main development challenges. The 8 MDGs break down into 18 quantifiable targets that are measured by 48 indicators. The MDGs are drawn from the actions and targets contained in the Millennium Declaration that was adopted by 189 nations-and signed by 147 heads of state and governments during the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000.
Important Features 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ❑ It synthesizes, in a single package, many of the most important commitments made separately at the international conferences and summits of the 1990s; ❑ recognize explicitly the interdependence between growth, poverty reduction and sustainable development; ❑ acknowledge that development rests on the foundations of democratic governance, the rule of law, respect for human rights and peace and security; ❑ It is based on time-bound and measurable targets accompanied by indicators for monitoring progress; and ❑ It brings together, in the eighth Goal, the responsibilities of developing countries with those of developed countries, founded on a global partnership endorsed at the International Conference on Financing for Development in Monterrey, Mexico in 2002, and again at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2003.
HIV/AIDS 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ❑ To prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and reduce its impact, developing countries need to mobilize all levels of government and civil society. ❑ UNDP (United nation development Program) advocates for placing HIV/AIDS at the centre of national planning and budgets; help build national capacity to manage initiatives that include people and institutions not usually involved with public health, and promotes decentralized responses that support community-level action. ❑ UNDP helps developing countries attract and use aid effectively. In all our activities, we encourage the protection of human rights and the empowerment of women. The annual Human Development Report, commissioned by UNDP, focuses the global debate on key development issues, providing new measurement tools, innovative analysis and often controversial policy proposals. ❑ The global Report’s analytical framework and inclusive approach carry over into regional, national and local Human Development Reports, also supported by UNDP. ❑ In each country office, the UNDP Resident Representative normally also serves as the Resident Coordinator of development activities for the United Nations system as a whole. Through such coordination, UNDP seeks to ensure the most effective use of UN and international aid resources.
United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) ❑The Fund was established in 1966 and became fully operational in 1974. ❑It invests in poor communities in least-developed countries by providing economic and social infrastructure, credit for both agricultural and small- scale entrepreneurial activities, and local development funds which encourage people’s participation as well as that of local governments in the planning and implementation of projects. ❑UNCDF aims to promote the interests of women in community projects and to enhance their earning capacities.
United Nations Volunteers – (UNV) ❑The United Nations Volunteers is an important source of middle-level skills for the UN development system supplied at modest cost, particularly in the least-developed countries. ❑Volunteers expand the scope of UNDP project activities by supplementing the work of international and host-country experts and by extending the influence of projects to local community levels. ❑UNV also supports technical co-operation within and among the developing countries by encouraging volunteers from the countries themselves and by forming regional exchange teams comprising such volunteers. ❑UNV is involved in areas such as peacebuilding, elections, human rights, humanitarian relief and community-based environmental programmes, in addition to development activities.
Milestones United Nations Environnent Programme (UNEP) Mission ❑ To provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. ❑ 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment recommends the creation of UN environmental organization 1972 UNEP created by United Nations General Assembly ❑ 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), ❑ 1975 Mediterranean Action Plan first UNEP-brokered Regional Seas agreement, ❑ 1979 Bonn Convention on Migratory Species, ❑ 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, ❑ 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. ❑ 1988 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ❑ 1989 Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes, ❑ 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit) publishes Agenda 21, a blueprint for sustainable development, ❑ 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity,
Milestones United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Mission ❑ To provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. ❑ 1995 Global Programme of Action (GPA) launched to protect marine environment from land-based sources of pollution, ❑ 1997 Nairobi Declaration redefines and strengthens UNEP’s role and mandate, 1998 Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent, ❑ 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety adopted to address issue of genetically modified organisms, ❑ 2000 Malmö Declaration – first Global Ministerial Forum on the Environment calls for strengthened international environmental governance, ❑ 2000 Millennium Declaration – environmental sustainability included as one of eight Millennium Development Goals, ❑ 2001 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), ❑ 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, ❑ 2004 Bali Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity Building, ❑ 2005 World Summit outcome document highlights key role of environment in sustainable development.
Objectives United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 1. UNEP National Committees are multi-stakeholder support organizations set up under practices and norms existing in different countries on the operation of NGOs. 2. They may include in their constituent members and representatives of environmental and development NGOs, UN Associations, news media, industry and labour, the scientific community, academia, women, youth, indigenous peoples, community groups as well as prominent individuals. 3. In some cases, observers and supporters from relevant government agencies may take part as ex-officio members. 4. National committees are channels for communication with the public in their country but not official UNEP representatives. 5. There are great variations in their core activities from one country to another. They are established in order to, among other things: • increase public awareness of the mandate and functions of UNEP; • promote public support for its work; • increase public awareness of environmental problems and the steps necessary to deal with them; • mobilize public support for the provision of adequate resources for the solution of environmental problems; • and provide an additional forum for participating members to share information and experiences in the context of UNEP’s programme and the work of the United Nations.
Activities of UNEP National Committees United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ❑ The priorities of Regional Offices may affect the choice of programme. In general, however, committees are expected to: 1. hold meetings, seminars and workshops on various environmental issues; 2. organize media and public information campaigns in support of UNEP initiatives 3. facilitate public participation (NGOs, Major Groups and individuals) in UNEP activities; 4. issue their own newsletters, publications, and translations and wider dissemination of UNEP information where this is needed; 5. lobby, where this is feasible, to lift the profile of environmental issues and UNEP’s programmes; 6. devise fund-raising strategies for their own survival and collaborate with UNEP in its fund-raising ventures; 7. and keep UNEP informed on environmental activities in their country.
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Meeting Development Goals (MDGs) ❑ UNFPA seeks to improve the lives and expand the choices of individuals and couples. ❑ Over time, the reproductive choices they make multiplied across communities and countries, alter population structures and trends. ❑ UNFPA helps governments, at their request, to formulate policies and strategies to reduce poverty and support sustainable development. ❑ The Fund also assists countries to collect and analyse population data that can help them understand population trends. ❑ It encourages governments to take into account the needs of future generations, as well as those alive today. ❑ The close links between sustainable development and reproductive health and gender equality,
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Meeting Development Goals (MDGs) ❑ The other main areas of UNFPA’s work were affirmed at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo. ❑ UNFPA was guided in its work by the Programme of Action adopted there. At the conference, 179 countries agreed that meeting needs for education and health, including reproductive health, is a prerequisite for sustainable development over the longer term. They also agreed on a roadmap for progress with the following goals: • Universal access to reproductive health services by 2015 • Universal primary education and closing the gender gap in education by 2015 • Reducing maternal mortality by 75 per cent by 2015 • Reducing infant mortality • Increasing life expectancy • Reducing HIV infection rates ❑ Reaching the goals of the Programme of Action is also essential for achieving the Millennium Development Goals. These eight goals, which are fully aligned with the ICPD roadmap, have the overarching aim of reducing extreme poverty by half by 2015. UNFPA brings its special expertise in reproductive health and population issues to the worldwide collaborative effort of meeting the Millennium Development Goals.
Making Motherhood Safer ❑ Every minute, a woman in the developing world dies from treatable complications of pregnancy or childbirth. Every minute, a family is devastated. The lives of surviving children are put at risk. Communities suffer. And for every woman who dies, as many as 20 others are seriously harmed by fistula or other injuries of childbearing. UNFPA’s strategy for preventing maternal mortality includes: 1. Family planning to reduce unintended pregnancies 2. Skilled care at all births 3. Timely emergency obstetric care for all women who develop complications. ❑ UNFPA also advocates at many levels for the right of mothers to give birth safely. It spearheads the global Campaign to End Fistula, a collaborative initiative to prevent this devastating injury of childbirth and to restore the health and dignity of those who have been living with its consequences. And it is working to address the shortage of skilled midwives in much of the developing world.
Supporting Adolescents and Youth ❑Half of the world - some 3 billion people—are under the age of 25. Addressing the critical challenges facing the largest youth generation in history is an urgent priority if social and economic development efforts are to succeed and the AIDS pandemic is to be reversed. ❑UNFPA invests in programmes to meet young people’s needs for health care, education, economic opportunity and life skills. ❑The Fund works to ensure that adolescents and young people receive accurate information, non-judgmental counselling and comprehensive and affordable services to prevent unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. ❑In this work, UNFPA seeks to engage young people as active participants in programmes that affect them.
Improving Reproductive Health ❑ The critical importance of reproductive health to achieving international development goals was affirmed at the highest level at the 2005 World Summit. ❑ Reproductive health is also a human right. Yet, reproductive health conditions are the leading cause of death and illness in women of childbearing age worldwide, and some 350 million couples lack the ability to plan their families or space their children. ❑ UNFPA promotes a holistic approach to reproductive health care that includes: 1. Universal access to accurate information, a range of safe and affordable contraceptive methods, and sensitive counselling 2. Ensuring that quality obstetric and antenatal care is available to all pregnant women 3. Prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV ❑ Investments in reproductive health save and improve lives, slow the spread of HIV and encourage gender equality. These benefits extend from the individual to the family and from the family to the world.
Preventing HIV/AIDS ❑Three million people died of AIDS-related diseases in 2005, and more than 40 million people are living with HIV. ❑Each day 14,000 people—half of them aged 15 to 24—acquire the infection. ❑Women and young people are especially vulnerable. ❑Prevention, the centrepiece of UNFPA’s fight against the disease, is being integrated into reproductive and sexual health programming around the world. ❑Key priorities are promoting safer sexual behaviour—including delayed sexual initiation—among young people, making sure male and female condoms are readily available and widely and correctly used, and preventing infection among women and their children.
Promoting Gender Equality ❑Women can and must play a powerful role in sustainable development and poverty eradication. When women are educated and healthy, their families, communities and countries benefit. Yet gender-based discrimination and violence pervade almost every aspect of life, undermining the opportunities of women and denying them the ability to fully exercise their basic human rights. ❑Gender equality is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals as well as a human right. Investments in gender equality can improve the lives of both men and women, with lasting benefits for the next generations. ❑For more than 30 years, UNFPA has been at the forefront of bringing gender issues to wider attention, promoting legal and policy reforms and gender-sensitive data collection, and supporting projects that empower women economically.
Promoting Gender Equality ❑Using Culturally Sensitive Approaches UNFPA’s activities touch on the most sensitive and intimate spheres of human existence, including reproductive health and rights, gender relations and population issues. ❑Attitudes about these subjects vary widely between and among different cultures. Changing deeply rooted attitudes, behaviours and laws—especially those dealing with gender relations and reproductive health—can be a long process that requires a culturally sensitive approach. ❑The Fund respects cultural diversity. At the same time, it rejects those practices that endanger women and girls. It works closely and respectfully with communities to enlist their support in upholding the human rights of all its members.
Protecting Human Rights ❑All individuals are entitled to equal rights and protections. This idea is fundamental to UNFPA’s mission and to its way of working. ❑A strong emphasis on the rights of individual women and men underpins the 1994 Cairo Consensus that guides UNFPA’s work. ❑This emphasis on human rights at the ICPD marked a shift in population policy and programmes away from a focus on human numbers and placed human lives front and centre. ❑At that meeting, delegates from all regions and cultures agreed that reproductive health is a basic human right and that individuals should be able to freely choose the number, timing and spacing of their children. ❑Numerous international agreements affirm the human rights principles that under in UNFPA’s work in reproductive health, gender equality and population and development.
Securing Reproductive Health Supplies ❑Without essential commodities—from contraceptives to testing kits to equipment for emergency obstetric care—people cannot fully exercise the right to reproductive health. ❑In many places, male and female condoms are urgently needed to prevent the further spread of HIV. ❑UNFPA’s mandate in this area is to provide the right quantities of the right products in the right condition in the right place at the right time for the right price. ❑This complex logistical process involves many actors from both the public and private sectors. ❑UNFPA takes a lead role in reproductive health commodity security, by forecasting needs, mobilizing support, building logistical capacity at the country level and coordinating the whole process.
Assisting in Emergencies ❑Humanitarian crises are reproductive health disasters. In the wake of war or natural disaster, educational and health systems collapse, gender-based violence increases, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections spread, and infant and maternal mortality rates often skyrocket. ❑The collapse of social systems leaves women and young people especially vulnerable. Within the coordinated, inter-agency response to disasters, UNFPA takes the lead in providing supplies and services to protect reproductive health. ❑Priority areas include safe motherhood; prevention of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV; adolescent health; and gender-based violence. UNFPA also encourages the full participation of women and young people in efforts to rebuild their societies.
Building Support ❑As the world’s leading multilateral agency on population, UNFPA is the most prominent international advocate for reproductive health and rights, including the right to choose the number, timing and spacing of one’s children. ❑Working in partnership with other United Nations agencies, governments, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, the Fund raises awareness and mobilizes the support and resources needed to reach the targets set forth at the International Conference on Population and Development and in the Millennium Development Goals. ❑In 2005, UNFPA received a record high in voluntary contributions for its core resources from 171 countries, also a record number
United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-HABITAT ❑ The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-HABITAT, is the United Nations agency for human settlements. It is mandated by the UN General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all. ❑ Towns and cities are growing today at unprecedented rates setting the social, political, cultural and environmental trends of the world, both good and bad. ❑ In 1950, one-third of the world’s people lived in cities. Just 50 years later, this rose to one-half and will continue to grow to two-thirds, or 6 billion people, by 2050. ❑ Cities are now home to half of humankind. Cities are the hubs of much national production and consumption – economic and social processes that generate wealth and opportunity. But they also create disease, crime, pollution, poverty and social unrest. ❑ In many cities, especially in developing countries, slum dwellers number more than 50 per cent of the population and have little or no access to shelter, water, and sanitation, education or health services. It is essential that policy-makers understand the power of the city as a catalyst for national development. ❑ Sustainable urbanisation is one of the most pressing challenges facing the global community in the 21st century.
❑ UN-HABITAT’s programmes are designed to help policy-makers and local communities get to grips with the human settlements and urban issues and find workable, lasting solutions. ❑ The organization’s mandate is outlined in the Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements, Habitat Agenda, Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements, the Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the New Millennium, and Resolution 56/206. ❑ UN-HABITAT’s work is directly related to the United Nations Millennium Declaration, particularly the goals of member States to improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by the year 2020, ❑ Target 11, Millennium Development Goal No. 7, and Target 10 which calls for the reduction by half of the number without sustainable access to safe drinking water. ❑ UN-HABITAT’s strategic vision is anchored in a four-pillar strategy aimed at attaining the goal of Cities without Slums. This strategy consists of advocacy of global norms, analysis of information, field-testing of solutions and financing. These fall under the four core functions assigned to the agency by world governments – monitoring and research, policy development, capacity building and financing for housing and urban development United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-HABITAT
https://i1.wp.com/www.mdgmonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MDGs-notable-challenges.png?resize=719%2C277&ssl=1 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Report
Goal 1: Extreme Poverty Rate In Developing Countries Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
Goal 6:Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
Goal 8:Develop a Global Partnership for Development Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
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https://images.app.goo.gl/846R1VmggFGphgLk8 ❑ Maternal mortality is the death of a pregnant woman or birthing person from complications of pregnancy or childbirth that occur during pregnancy or within 42 days after the pregnancy ends https://images.app.goo.gl/BW6EsBoAYuD7KptX7 ❑Obstetrics involves the treatment of pregnant women, including the delivery of babies.
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India’s Progress Towards Achieving The Millenium Development Goals
Despite many successes, the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind GENDER INEQUALITY PERSISTS ❑ Women continue to face discrimination in access to work, economic assets and participation in private and public decision-making. Women are also more likely to live in poverty than men. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the ratio of women to men in poor households increased from 108 women for every 100 men in 1997 to 117 women for every 100 men in 2012, despite declining poverty rates for the whole region. ❑ Women remain at a disadvantage in the labour market. Globally, about three quarters of working-age men participate in the labour force, compared to only half of working-age women. Women earn 24 per cent less than men globally. In 85 per cent of the 92 countries with data on unemployment rates by level of education for the years 2012–2013, women with advanced education have higher rates of unemployment than men with similar levels of education. Despite continuous progress, today the world still has far to go towards equal gender representation in private and public decision-making.
Despite many successes, the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind BIG GAPS EXIST BETWEEN THE POOREST AND RICHEST HOUSEHOLDS, AND BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN ❑ In the developing regions, children from the poorest 20 per cent of households are more than twice as likely to be stunted as those from the wealthiest 20 per cent. ❑ Children in the poorest households are four times as likely to be out of school as those in the richest households. ❑ Under-five mortality rates are almost twice as high for children in the poorest households as for children in the richest. ❑ In rural areas, only 56 per cent of births are attended by skilled health personnel, compared with 87 per cent in urban areas. ❑ About 16 per cent of the rural population do not use improved drinking water sources, compared to 4 per cent of the urban population. ❑ About 50 per cent of people living in rural areas lack improved sanitation facilities, compared to only 18 per cent of people in urban areas.
Despite many successes, the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION UNDERMINE PROGRESS ACHIEVED, AND POOR PEOPLE SUFFER THE MOST ❑ Global emissions of carbon dioxide have increased by over 50 per cent since 1990. ❑ Addressing the unabated rise in greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting likely impacts of climate change, such as altered ecosystems, weather extremes and risks to society, remains an urgent, critical challenge for the global community. ❑ An estimated 5.2 million hectares of forest were lost in 2010, an area about the size of Costa Rica. ❑ Overexploitation of marine fish stocks led to declines in the percentage of stocks within safe biological limits, down from 90 per cent in 1974 to 71 per cent in 2011. ❑ Species are declining overall in numbers and distribution. ❑ This means they are increasingly threatened with extinction. ❑ Water scarcity affects 40 per cent of people in the world and is projected to increase. ❑ Poor people’s livelihoods are more directly tied to natural resources, and as they often live in the most vulnerable areas, they suffer the most from environmental degradation.
Despite many successes, the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind CONFLICTS REMAIN THE BIGGEST THREAT TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ❑ By the end of 2014, conflicts had forced almost 60 million people to abandon their homes—the highest level recorded since the Second World War. ❑ If these people were a nation, they would make up the twenty fourth largest country in the world. ❑ Every day, 42,000 people on average are forcibly displaced and compelled to seek protection due to conflicts, almost four times the 2010 number of 11,000. ❑ Children accounted for half of the global refugee population under the responsibility of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in 2014. ❑ In countries affected by conflict, the proportion of out-of-school children increased from 30 per cent in 1999 to 36 per cent in 2012. ❑ Fragile and conflict-affected countries typically have the highest poverty rates.
Despite many successes, the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind MILLIONS OF POOR PEOPLE STILL LIVE IN POVERTY AND HUNGER, WITHOUT ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES ❑ Despite enormous progress, even today, about 800 million people still live in extreme poverty and suffer from hunger. ❑ Over 160 million children under age five have inadequate height for their age due to insufficient food. Currently, 57 million children of primary school age are not in school. ❑ Almost half of global workers are still working in vulnerable conditions, rarely enjoying the benefits associated with decent work. ❑ About 16,000 children die each day before celebrating their fifth birthday, mostly from preventable causes. ❑ The maternal mortality ratio in the developing regions is 14 times higher than in the developed regions. ❑ Just half of pregnant women in the developing regions receive the recommended minimum of four antenatal care visits. ❑ Only an estimated 36 per cent of the 31.5 million people living with HIV in the developing regions were receiving ART in 2013. ❑ In 2015, one in three people (2.4 billion) still use unimproved sanitation facilities, including 946 million people who still practice open defecation. ❑ Today over 880 million people are estimated to be living in slum-like conditions in the developing world’s cities. With global action, these numbers can be turned around.
The successes of the MDG agenda prove that global action works. It is the only path to ensure that the new development agenda leaves no one behind FINAL MDG REPORT ❑ It documents the 15-year effort to achieve the aspirational goals set out in the Millennium Declaration and highlights the many successes across the globe, but acknowledges the gaps that remain. ❑ The experience of the MDGs offers numerous lessons, and they will serve as the springboard for our next steps. ❑ Leaders and stakeholders in every nation will work together, redoubling efforts to achieve a truly universal and transformative agenda. ❑ This is the only way to ensure a sustainable future and a dignified life for all people everywhere.
WHAT IS MDG AND ITS GOALS? ❑ The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals with measurable targets and clear deadlines for improving the lives of the world’s poorest people. To meet these goals and eradicate poverty, leaders of 189 countries signed the historic millennium declaration at the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS? ❑ Unlike the MDGs, which only targets the developing countries, the SDGs apply to all countries whether rich, middle or poor countries. The SDGs are also nationally-owned and country-led, wherein each country is given the freedom to establish a national framework in achieving the SDGs.
• United Nations. (n.d.). United Nations Millennium Development goals. https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ • UNITED NATIONS. (2015). The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015. United nations. https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf References

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Eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

  • 1.
    selfexplanatory.2022 Hello HI नमस्ते ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ع‬ ُ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َل‬َّ ‫الس‬ ِ َّ ‫ٱَّلل‬ ُ‫اة‬‫م‬ْ‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ت‬‫كا‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫و‬ Saba Parvin Haque M.Sc. Life Sciences (Specialization in Neurobiology) from “Sophia College” (Autonomous), Mumbai.
  • 3.
    https://i1.wp.com/www.mdgmonitor.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MDGs-notable-challenges.png?resize=719%2C277&ssl=1 8 Millennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs) The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world’s main development challenges. The 8 MDGs break down into 18 quantifiable targets that are measured by 48 indicators. The MDGs are drawn from the actions and targets contained in the Millennium Declaration that was adopted by 189 nations-and signed by 147 heads of state and governments during the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000.
  • 4.
    Important Features 8 MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs) ❑ It synthesizes, in a single package, many of the most important commitments made separately at the international conferences and summits of the 1990s; ❑ recognize explicitly the interdependence between growth, poverty reduction and sustainable development; ❑ acknowledge that development rests on the foundations of democratic governance, the rule of law, respect for human rights and peace and security; ❑ It is based on time-bound and measurable targets accompanied by indicators for monitoring progress; and ❑ It brings together, in the eighth Goal, the responsibilities of developing countries with those of developed countries, founded on a global partnership endorsed at the International Conference on Financing for Development in Monterrey, Mexico in 2002, and again at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2003.
  • 5.
    HIV/AIDS 8 Millennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs) ❑ To prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and reduce its impact, developing countries need to mobilize all levels of government and civil society. ❑ UNDP (United nation development Program) advocates for placing HIV/AIDS at the centre of national planning and budgets; help build national capacity to manage initiatives that include people and institutions not usually involved with public health, and promotes decentralized responses that support community-level action. ❑ UNDP helps developing countries attract and use aid effectively. In all our activities, we encourage the protection of human rights and the empowerment of women. The annual Human Development Report, commissioned by UNDP, focuses the global debate on key development issues, providing new measurement tools, innovative analysis and often controversial policy proposals. ❑ The global Report’s analytical framework and inclusive approach carry over into regional, national and local Human Development Reports, also supported by UNDP. ❑ In each country office, the UNDP Resident Representative normally also serves as the Resident Coordinator of development activities for the United Nations system as a whole. Through such coordination, UNDP seeks to ensure the most effective use of UN and international aid resources.
  • 6.
    United Nations CapitalDevelopment Fund (UNCDF) ❑The Fund was established in 1966 and became fully operational in 1974. ❑It invests in poor communities in least-developed countries by providing economic and social infrastructure, credit for both agricultural and small- scale entrepreneurial activities, and local development funds which encourage people’s participation as well as that of local governments in the planning and implementation of projects. ❑UNCDF aims to promote the interests of women in community projects and to enhance their earning capacities.
  • 7.
    United Nations Volunteers– (UNV) ❑The United Nations Volunteers is an important source of middle-level skills for the UN development system supplied at modest cost, particularly in the least-developed countries. ❑Volunteers expand the scope of UNDP project activities by supplementing the work of international and host-country experts and by extending the influence of projects to local community levels. ❑UNV also supports technical co-operation within and among the developing countries by encouraging volunteers from the countries themselves and by forming regional exchange teams comprising such volunteers. ❑UNV is involved in areas such as peacebuilding, elections, human rights, humanitarian relief and community-based environmental programmes, in addition to development activities.
  • 8.
    Milestones United Nations EnvironnentProgramme (UNEP) Mission ❑ To provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. ❑ 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment recommends the creation of UN environmental organization 1972 UNEP created by United Nations General Assembly ❑ 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), ❑ 1975 Mediterranean Action Plan first UNEP-brokered Regional Seas agreement, ❑ 1979 Bonn Convention on Migratory Species, ❑ 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, ❑ 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. ❑ 1988 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ❑ 1989 Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes, ❑ 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit) publishes Agenda 21, a blueprint for sustainable development, ❑ 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity,
  • 9.
    Milestones United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP) Mission ❑ To provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. ❑ 1995 Global Programme of Action (GPA) launched to protect marine environment from land-based sources of pollution, ❑ 1997 Nairobi Declaration redefines and strengthens UNEP’s role and mandate, 1998 Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent, ❑ 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety adopted to address issue of genetically modified organisms, ❑ 2000 Malmö Declaration – first Global Ministerial Forum on the Environment calls for strengthened international environmental governance, ❑ 2000 Millennium Declaration – environmental sustainability included as one of eight Millennium Development Goals, ❑ 2001 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), ❑ 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, ❑ 2004 Bali Strategic Plan for Technology Support and Capacity Building, ❑ 2005 World Summit outcome document highlights key role of environment in sustainable development.
  • 10.
    Objectives United Nations EnvironmentProgramme (UNEP) 1. UNEP National Committees are multi-stakeholder support organizations set up under practices and norms existing in different countries on the operation of NGOs. 2. They may include in their constituent members and representatives of environmental and development NGOs, UN Associations, news media, industry and labour, the scientific community, academia, women, youth, indigenous peoples, community groups as well as prominent individuals. 3. In some cases, observers and supporters from relevant government agencies may take part as ex-officio members. 4. National committees are channels for communication with the public in their country but not official UNEP representatives. 5. There are great variations in their core activities from one country to another. They are established in order to, among other things: • increase public awareness of the mandate and functions of UNEP; • promote public support for its work; • increase public awareness of environmental problems and the steps necessary to deal with them; • mobilize public support for the provision of adequate resources for the solution of environmental problems; • and provide an additional forum for participating members to share information and experiences in the context of UNEP’s programme and the work of the United Nations.
  • 11.
    Activities of UNEPNational Committees United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) ❑ The priorities of Regional Offices may affect the choice of programme. In general, however, committees are expected to: 1. hold meetings, seminars and workshops on various environmental issues; 2. organize media and public information campaigns in support of UNEP initiatives 3. facilitate public participation (NGOs, Major Groups and individuals) in UNEP activities; 4. issue their own newsletters, publications, and translations and wider dissemination of UNEP information where this is needed; 5. lobby, where this is feasible, to lift the profile of environmental issues and UNEP’s programmes; 6. devise fund-raising strategies for their own survival and collaborate with UNEP in its fund-raising ventures; 7. and keep UNEP informed on environmental activities in their country.
  • 12.
    United Nations PopulationFund (UNFPA) Meeting Development Goals (MDGs) ❑ UNFPA seeks to improve the lives and expand the choices of individuals and couples. ❑ Over time, the reproductive choices they make multiplied across communities and countries, alter population structures and trends. ❑ UNFPA helps governments, at their request, to formulate policies and strategies to reduce poverty and support sustainable development. ❑ The Fund also assists countries to collect and analyse population data that can help them understand population trends. ❑ It encourages governments to take into account the needs of future generations, as well as those alive today. ❑ The close links between sustainable development and reproductive health and gender equality,
  • 13.
    United Nations PopulationFund (UNFPA) Meeting Development Goals (MDGs) ❑ The other main areas of UNFPA’s work were affirmed at the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo. ❑ UNFPA was guided in its work by the Programme of Action adopted there. At the conference, 179 countries agreed that meeting needs for education and health, including reproductive health, is a prerequisite for sustainable development over the longer term. They also agreed on a roadmap for progress with the following goals: • Universal access to reproductive health services by 2015 • Universal primary education and closing the gender gap in education by 2015 • Reducing maternal mortality by 75 per cent by 2015 • Reducing infant mortality • Increasing life expectancy • Reducing HIV infection rates ❑ Reaching the goals of the Programme of Action is also essential for achieving the Millennium Development Goals. These eight goals, which are fully aligned with the ICPD roadmap, have the overarching aim of reducing extreme poverty by half by 2015. UNFPA brings its special expertise in reproductive health and population issues to the worldwide collaborative effort of meeting the Millennium Development Goals.
  • 14.
    Making Motherhood Safer ❑Every minute, a woman in the developing world dies from treatable complications of pregnancy or childbirth. Every minute, a family is devastated. The lives of surviving children are put at risk. Communities suffer. And for every woman who dies, as many as 20 others are seriously harmed by fistula or other injuries of childbearing. UNFPA’s strategy for preventing maternal mortality includes: 1. Family planning to reduce unintended pregnancies 2. Skilled care at all births 3. Timely emergency obstetric care for all women who develop complications. ❑ UNFPA also advocates at many levels for the right of mothers to give birth safely. It spearheads the global Campaign to End Fistula, a collaborative initiative to prevent this devastating injury of childbirth and to restore the health and dignity of those who have been living with its consequences. And it is working to address the shortage of skilled midwives in much of the developing world.
  • 15.
    Supporting Adolescents andYouth ❑Half of the world - some 3 billion people—are under the age of 25. Addressing the critical challenges facing the largest youth generation in history is an urgent priority if social and economic development efforts are to succeed and the AIDS pandemic is to be reversed. ❑UNFPA invests in programmes to meet young people’s needs for health care, education, economic opportunity and life skills. ❑The Fund works to ensure that adolescents and young people receive accurate information, non-judgmental counselling and comprehensive and affordable services to prevent unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. ❑In this work, UNFPA seeks to engage young people as active participants in programmes that affect them.
  • 16.
    Improving Reproductive Health ❑The critical importance of reproductive health to achieving international development goals was affirmed at the highest level at the 2005 World Summit. ❑ Reproductive health is also a human right. Yet, reproductive health conditions are the leading cause of death and illness in women of childbearing age worldwide, and some 350 million couples lack the ability to plan their families or space their children. ❑ UNFPA promotes a holistic approach to reproductive health care that includes: 1. Universal access to accurate information, a range of safe and affordable contraceptive methods, and sensitive counselling 2. Ensuring that quality obstetric and antenatal care is available to all pregnant women 3. Prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV ❑ Investments in reproductive health save and improve lives, slow the spread of HIV and encourage gender equality. These benefits extend from the individual to the family and from the family to the world.
  • 17.
    Preventing HIV/AIDS ❑Three millionpeople died of AIDS-related diseases in 2005, and more than 40 million people are living with HIV. ❑Each day 14,000 people—half of them aged 15 to 24—acquire the infection. ❑Women and young people are especially vulnerable. ❑Prevention, the centrepiece of UNFPA’s fight against the disease, is being integrated into reproductive and sexual health programming around the world. ❑Key priorities are promoting safer sexual behaviour—including delayed sexual initiation—among young people, making sure male and female condoms are readily available and widely and correctly used, and preventing infection among women and their children.
  • 18.
    Promoting Gender Equality ❑Womencan and must play a powerful role in sustainable development and poverty eradication. When women are educated and healthy, their families, communities and countries benefit. Yet gender-based discrimination and violence pervade almost every aspect of life, undermining the opportunities of women and denying them the ability to fully exercise their basic human rights. ❑Gender equality is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals as well as a human right. Investments in gender equality can improve the lives of both men and women, with lasting benefits for the next generations. ❑For more than 30 years, UNFPA has been at the forefront of bringing gender issues to wider attention, promoting legal and policy reforms and gender-sensitive data collection, and supporting projects that empower women economically.
  • 19.
    Promoting Gender Equality ❑UsingCulturally Sensitive Approaches UNFPA’s activities touch on the most sensitive and intimate spheres of human existence, including reproductive health and rights, gender relations and population issues. ❑Attitudes about these subjects vary widely between and among different cultures. Changing deeply rooted attitudes, behaviours and laws—especially those dealing with gender relations and reproductive health—can be a long process that requires a culturally sensitive approach. ❑The Fund respects cultural diversity. At the same time, it rejects those practices that endanger women and girls. It works closely and respectfully with communities to enlist their support in upholding the human rights of all its members.
  • 20.
    Protecting Human Rights ❑Allindividuals are entitled to equal rights and protections. This idea is fundamental to UNFPA’s mission and to its way of working. ❑A strong emphasis on the rights of individual women and men underpins the 1994 Cairo Consensus that guides UNFPA’s work. ❑This emphasis on human rights at the ICPD marked a shift in population policy and programmes away from a focus on human numbers and placed human lives front and centre. ❑At that meeting, delegates from all regions and cultures agreed that reproductive health is a basic human right and that individuals should be able to freely choose the number, timing and spacing of their children. ❑Numerous international agreements affirm the human rights principles that under in UNFPA’s work in reproductive health, gender equality and population and development.
  • 21.
    Securing Reproductive HealthSupplies ❑Without essential commodities—from contraceptives to testing kits to equipment for emergency obstetric care—people cannot fully exercise the right to reproductive health. ❑In many places, male and female condoms are urgently needed to prevent the further spread of HIV. ❑UNFPA’s mandate in this area is to provide the right quantities of the right products in the right condition in the right place at the right time for the right price. ❑This complex logistical process involves many actors from both the public and private sectors. ❑UNFPA takes a lead role in reproductive health commodity security, by forecasting needs, mobilizing support, building logistical capacity at the country level and coordinating the whole process.
  • 22.
    Assisting in Emergencies ❑Humanitariancrises are reproductive health disasters. In the wake of war or natural disaster, educational and health systems collapse, gender-based violence increases, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections spread, and infant and maternal mortality rates often skyrocket. ❑The collapse of social systems leaves women and young people especially vulnerable. Within the coordinated, inter-agency response to disasters, UNFPA takes the lead in providing supplies and services to protect reproductive health. ❑Priority areas include safe motherhood; prevention of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV; adolescent health; and gender-based violence. UNFPA also encourages the full participation of women and young people in efforts to rebuild their societies.
  • 23.
    Building Support ❑As theworld’s leading multilateral agency on population, UNFPA is the most prominent international advocate for reproductive health and rights, including the right to choose the number, timing and spacing of one’s children. ❑Working in partnership with other United Nations agencies, governments, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, the Fund raises awareness and mobilizes the support and resources needed to reach the targets set forth at the International Conference on Population and Development and in the Millennium Development Goals. ❑In 2005, UNFPA received a record high in voluntary contributions for its core resources from 171 countries, also a record number
  • 24.
    United Nations HumanSettlements Programme, UN-HABITAT ❑ The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-HABITAT, is the United Nations agency for human settlements. It is mandated by the UN General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all. ❑ Towns and cities are growing today at unprecedented rates setting the social, political, cultural and environmental trends of the world, both good and bad. ❑ In 1950, one-third of the world’s people lived in cities. Just 50 years later, this rose to one-half and will continue to grow to two-thirds, or 6 billion people, by 2050. ❑ Cities are now home to half of humankind. Cities are the hubs of much national production and consumption – economic and social processes that generate wealth and opportunity. But they also create disease, crime, pollution, poverty and social unrest. ❑ In many cities, especially in developing countries, slum dwellers number more than 50 per cent of the population and have little or no access to shelter, water, and sanitation, education or health services. It is essential that policy-makers understand the power of the city as a catalyst for national development. ❑ Sustainable urbanisation is one of the most pressing challenges facing the global community in the 21st century.
  • 25.
    ❑ UN-HABITAT’s programmesare designed to help policy-makers and local communities get to grips with the human settlements and urban issues and find workable, lasting solutions. ❑ The organization’s mandate is outlined in the Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements, Habitat Agenda, Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements, the Declaration on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the New Millennium, and Resolution 56/206. ❑ UN-HABITAT’s work is directly related to the United Nations Millennium Declaration, particularly the goals of member States to improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by the year 2020, ❑ Target 11, Millennium Development Goal No. 7, and Target 10 which calls for the reduction by half of the number without sustainable access to safe drinking water. ❑ UN-HABITAT’s strategic vision is anchored in a four-pillar strategy aimed at attaining the goal of Cities without Slums. This strategy consists of advocacy of global norms, analysis of information, field-testing of solutions and financing. These fall under the four core functions assigned to the agency by world governments – monitoring and research, policy development, capacity building and financing for housing and urban development United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-HABITAT
  • 26.
  • 27.
    Goal 1: ExtremePoverty Rate In Developing Countries Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
  • 28.
    Goal 2: AchieveUniversal Primary Education Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
  • 29.
    Goal 3: PromoteGender Equality and Empower Women Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
  • 30.
    Goal 4: ReduceChild Mortality Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
  • 31.
    Goal 5: ImproveMaternal Health Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
  • 32.
    Goal 6:Combat HIV/AIDS,Malaria and Other Diseases Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
  • 33.
    Goal 7: EnsureEnvironmental Sustainability Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
  • 34.
    Goal 8:Develop aGlobal Partnership for Development Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
    https://images.app.goo.gl/846R1VmggFGphgLk8 ❑ Maternal mortalityis the death of a pregnant woman or birthing person from complications of pregnancy or childbirth that occur during pregnancy or within 42 days after the pregnancy ends https://images.app.goo.gl/BW6EsBoAYuD7KptX7 ❑Obstetrics involves the treatment of pregnant women, including the delivery of babies.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
    India’s Progress TowardsAchieving The Millenium Development Goals
  • 44.
    Despite many successes,the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind GENDER INEQUALITY PERSISTS ❑ Women continue to face discrimination in access to work, economic assets and participation in private and public decision-making. Women are also more likely to live in poverty than men. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the ratio of women to men in poor households increased from 108 women for every 100 men in 1997 to 117 women for every 100 men in 2012, despite declining poverty rates for the whole region. ❑ Women remain at a disadvantage in the labour market. Globally, about three quarters of working-age men participate in the labour force, compared to only half of working-age women. Women earn 24 per cent less than men globally. In 85 per cent of the 92 countries with data on unemployment rates by level of education for the years 2012–2013, women with advanced education have higher rates of unemployment than men with similar levels of education. Despite continuous progress, today the world still has far to go towards equal gender representation in private and public decision-making.
  • 45.
    Despite many successes,the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind BIG GAPS EXIST BETWEEN THE POOREST AND RICHEST HOUSEHOLDS, AND BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN ❑ In the developing regions, children from the poorest 20 per cent of households are more than twice as likely to be stunted as those from the wealthiest 20 per cent. ❑ Children in the poorest households are four times as likely to be out of school as those in the richest households. ❑ Under-five mortality rates are almost twice as high for children in the poorest households as for children in the richest. ❑ In rural areas, only 56 per cent of births are attended by skilled health personnel, compared with 87 per cent in urban areas. ❑ About 16 per cent of the rural population do not use improved drinking water sources, compared to 4 per cent of the urban population. ❑ About 50 per cent of people living in rural areas lack improved sanitation facilities, compared to only 18 per cent of people in urban areas.
  • 46.
    Despite many successes,the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION UNDERMINE PROGRESS ACHIEVED, AND POOR PEOPLE SUFFER THE MOST ❑ Global emissions of carbon dioxide have increased by over 50 per cent since 1990. ❑ Addressing the unabated rise in greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting likely impacts of climate change, such as altered ecosystems, weather extremes and risks to society, remains an urgent, critical challenge for the global community. ❑ An estimated 5.2 million hectares of forest were lost in 2010, an area about the size of Costa Rica. ❑ Overexploitation of marine fish stocks led to declines in the percentage of stocks within safe biological limits, down from 90 per cent in 1974 to 71 per cent in 2011. ❑ Species are declining overall in numbers and distribution. ❑ This means they are increasingly threatened with extinction. ❑ Water scarcity affects 40 per cent of people in the world and is projected to increase. ❑ Poor people’s livelihoods are more directly tied to natural resources, and as they often live in the most vulnerable areas, they suffer the most from environmental degradation.
  • 47.
    Despite many successes,the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind CONFLICTS REMAIN THE BIGGEST THREAT TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ❑ By the end of 2014, conflicts had forced almost 60 million people to abandon their homes—the highest level recorded since the Second World War. ❑ If these people were a nation, they would make up the twenty fourth largest country in the world. ❑ Every day, 42,000 people on average are forcibly displaced and compelled to seek protection due to conflicts, almost four times the 2010 number of 11,000. ❑ Children accounted for half of the global refugee population under the responsibility of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in 2014. ❑ In countries affected by conflict, the proportion of out-of-school children increased from 30 per cent in 1999 to 36 per cent in 2012. ❑ Fragile and conflict-affected countries typically have the highest poverty rates.
  • 48.
    Despite many successes,the poorest and most vulnerable people are being left behind MILLIONS OF POOR PEOPLE STILL LIVE IN POVERTY AND HUNGER, WITHOUT ACCESS TO BASIC SERVICES ❑ Despite enormous progress, even today, about 800 million people still live in extreme poverty and suffer from hunger. ❑ Over 160 million children under age five have inadequate height for their age due to insufficient food. Currently, 57 million children of primary school age are not in school. ❑ Almost half of global workers are still working in vulnerable conditions, rarely enjoying the benefits associated with decent work. ❑ About 16,000 children die each day before celebrating their fifth birthday, mostly from preventable causes. ❑ The maternal mortality ratio in the developing regions is 14 times higher than in the developed regions. ❑ Just half of pregnant women in the developing regions receive the recommended minimum of four antenatal care visits. ❑ Only an estimated 36 per cent of the 31.5 million people living with HIV in the developing regions were receiving ART in 2013. ❑ In 2015, one in three people (2.4 billion) still use unimproved sanitation facilities, including 946 million people who still practice open defecation. ❑ Today over 880 million people are estimated to be living in slum-like conditions in the developing world’s cities. With global action, these numbers can be turned around.
  • 49.
    The successes ofthe MDG agenda prove that global action works. It is the only path to ensure that the new development agenda leaves no one behind FINAL MDG REPORT ❑ It documents the 15-year effort to achieve the aspirational goals set out in the Millennium Declaration and highlights the many successes across the globe, but acknowledges the gaps that remain. ❑ The experience of the MDGs offers numerous lessons, and they will serve as the springboard for our next steps. ❑ Leaders and stakeholders in every nation will work together, redoubling efforts to achieve a truly universal and transformative agenda. ❑ This is the only way to ensure a sustainable future and a dignified life for all people everywhere.
  • 50.
    WHAT IS MDGAND ITS GOALS? ❑ The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals with measurable targets and clear deadlines for improving the lives of the world’s poorest people. To meet these goals and eradicate poverty, leaders of 189 countries signed the historic millennium declaration at the United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS? ❑ Unlike the MDGs, which only targets the developing countries, the SDGs apply to all countries whether rich, middle or poor countries. The SDGs are also nationally-owned and country-led, wherein each country is given the freedom to establish a national framework in achieving the SDGs.
  • 51.
    • United Nations.(n.d.). United Nations Millennium Development goals. https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ • UNITED NATIONS. (2015). The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015. United nations. https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf References