Electrical safety & protection

Electrical safety & protection

• 1.
  Electrical Safety And ProtectionSYED LATEEF UDDIN B110877EE
• 2.
  Why Electrical Safety? ▪ Sometimes it is easy to forget just how dangerous electricity can be. ▪ Electricity can cause serious injuries or even death. ▪ It takes very little electricity to cause harm. ▪ Lack of safety can cause serious electrical HAZARDS.
• 3.
  Effects on theHuman Body Depends on: ▪ Current and Voltage ▪ Resistance ▪ Path through body ▪ Duration of shock
• 4.
  Electrical Dangers ▪ Electricalshock ▪ Electrocution (death due to electrical shock) ▪ Burns ▪ Falls ▪ Arc flash and Arc Blast ▪ Explosions ▪ Fires
• 5.
  Electrical Accidents -Statistics ▪ Almost 12 people die due to electrocution every day (Source- NCRB National Crime Records Bureau) ▪ 42 % of total fires occur due to electrical sources (Source -OISD) ▪ 8% deaths that occur in Indian factories are due to electricity India
• 6.
  Electrical Accidents -Statistics ▪ 25% of all fires occur due to electricity (NFPA) ▪ 411 deaths from job related electrical accidents per year (NIOSH) ▪ Electrocution - the fifth leading cause of death (1982 - 1990) NIOSH ▪ Electrocution is the cause of 12% of all workplace deaths among young workers. United States
• 7.
  NFPA - NEC(1897) NESC (1913), from IEEE NIOSH (Research example: development of voltage detector that will signal the person if he gets close to live power)-1970 OSHA (1970) NFPA 70 E & B (1979) -approved by OSHA NESF(1994), by UL, NFPA, NEMA, CPSC
• 8.
  Electrical Safety Products ▪Residual Current-Operated Circuit Breakers (RCCBs) ▪ Arc Fault Current Interrupters (AFCIs) ▪ Glowing Connection Detector (GCDs) ▪ Infra-Red Hotspot Detection Tool ▪ Thermography Surveys ▪ Automatic Defibrillators ▪ Complete Home ES Kit ▪ Automatic Fire Detection & Extinguishing System ▪ Electrical Product Safety Recalls ▪ Linear Heat Sensing Cables (LHSC)
• 9.
  Electrical Safety Products GFCIsRCCBs ▪ Used in wet and other high risky areas. ▪ Stops the flow of electricity when there is a difference between current leaving and returning from the outlet. ▪ Push test button and then reset button. ▪ RCCBs - 30, 100, 300 mA. ▪ Delayed tripping RCCBs (200 mS)
• 10.
  GFCI
• 11.
  Electrical Safety Products AFCIs– Arc Fault Current Interrupters • Arcs - temperatures up to 20,000°C,Sun’s outer temperature- 5000°C. • No material on earth can withstand arc temperature. • RCCBs cannot detect arcing faults. • AFCIs - the innovative ES device after RCCBs. • AFCIs detects arcing waveforms and trips. • AFCIs - mandatory in all US homes from 2002 January onwards
• 12.
  Electrical Safety Products GCDs– Glowing Connection Detectors • GCs are fires waiting to happen. • Loose connections at socket terminals will cause glowing connections. • Use of GCDs- recommended by Forensic engineers. • Glowing connections -will not detected by fuses, MCBs, RCCBs, AFCIs. • GCDs operate at 83 degree C. • Glowing connection hazards were detected by a underwriters laboratories study (Firefly GCD)
• 13.
  Electrical Safety Products Infra–RedHotspot Detector ▪ Used as part of effective EPM (Electrical Preventive Maintenance). ▪ Hotspot surveys on critical, high capacity motor terminations, measurement of continuously running critical motors. ▪ Uses infra-red technology, with laser sighting. ▪ Does not penetrate glass, plastic. ▪ Interpretation of readings - very critical.
• 14.
  Electrical Safety Products HFFRCables ▪ Halogen-Free Fire Retardant cables. ▪ Emits very low smoke, compared to PVC & even FRLS cables. ▪ Increasingly Used by many instead of FRLS (Fire Retardant low Smoke) cables.
• 15.
  Electrical Safety Products ThermographySurveys ▪ Part of predictive maintenance. ▪ In the De-Terrified scenario, may be offered by general insurance companies. ▪ Identification of potential survey points / equipment and interpretation - very crucial. ▪ NFPA 70 E recommends Thermographic surveys.
• 16.
  Electrical Safety Products AEDs– Automatic External Defibrillation ▪ 250,000 deaths every year due to sudden cardiac arrest. ▪ AEDs - to be part of Emergency Medical Kit. ▪ For every minute that passes without defibrillation, the chances of survival decreases by 10%. ▪ Has a voice prompt, cost USD 3000/- ▪ UK - not a legal requirement, but a Statutory requirement in US. ▪ No legal liability for deaths involving the use of AEDs.
• 17.
  Electrical Safety Products LinearHeat Sensing Cables ▪ Advantageous than detectors, more effective LHSC applications: ▪ Cable trays in cable galleries ▪ Transformers ▪ Switch gears
• 18.
  Electrical Safety Products AutomaticFire D&E System ▪ local flooding application inside electrical switch gears / power panels- detects heat and the heat - sensitive tube punctures, letting out Ozone- friendly fire extinguishing gas
• 19.
  Electrical Safety Products Non-Contacttype voltage detector (magnetic field) Plug-In Wiring Checker ▪ detects 14 wiring defects, ideal for testing sockets, BS 1363, faulty N, missing E, reverse P& N
• 20.
  Home Electrical SafetyKit ▪ Surge protector ▪ GFCI ▪ AFCI ▪ MCBs
• 21.
  • Need forElectrical Safety is universal. • ES awareness is increasing. • Partnership between regulators, employers, manufacturers- growing. • Many injuries are prevented. • Learning from experience- very essential. • Innovative ES devices are being used by people. CONCLUSION MUCH MORE TO BE DONE IN THE FIELD OF ES IN INDIA
• 22.
   www.wikipedia.org  www.osha.gov www.aep.com  www.ulstandards.ul.com  www.standards.ieee.org/about/nesc
• 23.
  THANK YOU