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Electromagnetic braking system Project new.pptx
- 1. A PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTROMAGNETICBRAKING SYSTEM DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GUIDED BY MR. GIRISH KUMAR RAIKWAR GOVERNMENT POLYTECHIC COLLEGE KHIRSADOH Affiliated by Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.)
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- 4. INTRODUCTIONOF ELECTROMAGNETICBRAKE • Eddycurrent brakes like conventional friction brakes, are responsible for slowing down an object, such as rotating machinery, a moving train, or even a roller coaster. • There are two basic types: (1) Rotational (2) Linear
- 5. CONTENTS • Introduction ofelectromagnetic brake • Components • Working • Advantages • Disadvantages • Applications • Future aspects • Conclusion
- 6. MAIN COMPONENTS OF ELECTROMAGNETICBRAKING SYSTEM • Wheel • Electromagnet • Axle • DC Motor • Chain • Spockets • Switch • Supporting Frame • Screws & Bolts
- 7. • Frame –It is used to support the whole system. It is made of Cast Iron. • Battery – Rechargable battery is a one kind of electrical battery and it has electro mechanical reaction to adjust so it is also called as secondary cell. It is used to start the motor with the help of switch it is also used to store the electricity.
- 8. • DC Motor- An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy it is used to run the metal wheel. • Wheel - Wheel gets in motion with the help of running motor. Both motor and wheel connected with the help of connecting chain and sprocket.
- 9. • Electromagnet –an electro magnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. Electromagnets usually consists of insulated wire wound into a coil. A current through the wire creates a magnetic field which is concentrated in the hole in the centre of the coil. The wire turns are often would around a magnetic core we used electromagnet to stop the rotating wheel.
- 10. • Chain AndSprocket - Simply Chain and Sprocket is generally used to transmit power from motor or any rotating device to shaft.
- 11. MATERIAS REQUIRED • Electromagnet(24V) • Motor Sprocket (3.6 in.) • Wheel Sprocket (3.6in.) • Iron Disk (7.7in. Dia, Thickness 1.5 mm) • DC Motor (12V 1500 RPM) • 2 Pices Battery (12V -12V) • Chain (40 inch ) • Frame ( 20.4 inch) length & width ( 10 inch ) hight • Switch (2)
- 12. INTRODUCTION OF EDDY CURRENT •Eddy currents are electric currents indused in conductor when exposed to a charging magnetic field; due to relative motion of the field source and conductor or due to variations of the field with time. • This can cause a circulating flow of electrons, or current, within the body of the conductor. • These circulating eddies of current have inductance and thus induce magnetic fields
- 13. HOWIT WORKS? • Duringbraking, the metal disc is exposed to a magnetic field from an electromagnet, generating eddy currents in the disc. • The magnetic interaction between the applied field and the eddy currents slow down the rotating disc. • The basic work of and electromagnetic brake is to reduce speed of the vehicle using electromagnetic force to induce a mechanical frictional resistance within the metal wheel. When the DC Power supply is given the dc motor, the metal wheel is rotated with the help of chain sprocket in from of the electromagnet. When the braking is required the control the switch is turned. So, the current or voltage is applied on the electromagnet . A magnetic field is created by an energizing coil by the application of voltage or current. This coil develop magnetic lines of flux between the metal disc thus attracting the armature to the face of the metal disc so the metal wheel stop. When the control switch off the current or voltage is removed from the brake the metal disc is free to rotate and hold the armature winding of the electromagnet away from the disc.
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- 15. BLOCKDIAGRAM POWER ON Motor runsand induces rotation in the chain drive Wheel starts rotating Electromagnet is energized Rotation of wheel is retarded Wheel stops POWER OFF
- 16. CALCULATION • We Knowthat: P = VI (P = Power ) 𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅𝑵𝑻 𝟔𝟎 𝑵 − 𝒎 V = 12V (V = Voltage ) P = 12 X 8 (I = Current ) 𝑻 = 𝟔𝟎𝑷 𝟐𝝅𝑵 P = 96W Driver gear teeth T1 = 28 𝑻 = 𝟔𝟎𝑿 𝟗𝟔 𝟐𝑿𝝅 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 driver gear RPM = 1500 Driven gear teeth T2 = 28 T1 = T2 𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟏 𝑵 − 𝒎 N1 = N2 DRIVEN GEAR RPM = N2 = 1500 RPM
- 17. MAGNETIC FORCE • F= n x I x L x B sin𝜽 Weber • F = magnetic force • n = n is the number of bundles in a wire • L = L is the current through the wire in amperes (A) • B = B is the strength (Magnitude) of the magnetic field in tesla (T) • 𝜽 = 𝜽 is the angle of bundles makes with the magnetic field in degrees • The sin of 90° is 1, ( meaning the current is perpendicular to the magnetic field) • L = 0.3 m • n = 800 • I = 8AH • 𝜽 = 90°
- 18. B = µ0x I / 2R Tesla ----------(2) µ0 = 4 x π x 10-7 R = R is the loop radius measured in meters (m). C = 0.3m, C = 2 πr 0.3 / 2 π = R R = 0.05 m On putting the value in equation 2nd B = 4x π x 10-7 x 8 / 2x0.05 B = 0.00010048T Putting the value of B in equation 1st F = n x I x L x B sin𝜽 F = 800 x 8 x 0.3 x 0.00010048 x sin90° F = 0.1921 Weber F = 0.1921 x 10000 F = 1929.21 Gauss
- 19. Name of ItemUnit Price Battery 12V 2 1300 Electromagnet 1 1050 DC Motor 1 200 Motor Switch 1 20 Electromagnet Switch 1 20 Spocket 2 200 Wheel 1 400 Welding + labour cost 900 Chain 1 100 Iron Disc 1 150 Miscellaneous cost 500 Total 4840
- 20. ADVANTAGES - • Independentof wheel support.. • No noise or smell. • There is no need to change brake olis regularly. • There is no oil leakage. • High brake forces at high speeds. • It uses electromagnetic force and not mechanical force. • Can be activated at will via electrical signal. • low maintenance. • Light weight.
- 21. DISADVANTAGES- • Braking forcediminishes as speed diminishes with no ability to hold the load in position at stand still. • It cannot be used at low speed vehicles. • Electromagnetic brakes are used with ordinary Normal mechanical brakes. • Now a days electromagnetic brakes are used only for safety purpose.
- 22. APPLICATIONS- • It isused as a stopping mechanism in trains . • It is also used in the smooth braking and functioning of roller coasters and such fast moving machines. • It is used in the retardation of super cars.
- 23. FUTUREASPECTS- • In future,ordinary brakes will be completely replaced by the electromagnetic brakes. • By the use of electromagnetic brakes in future we can control high speed train completely. • By some new invention of extra mechanism, we can use electromagnetic brakes for slow speed vehicles also. • This technology can also be applied for governing speed of turbines in power plants.
- 24. CONCLUSION • Electromagnetic brakeis a good invention for the speed control of high speed vehicles. • We can control the speed of high speed vehicles without wear and tear in parts of it. • Drawback of ordinary mechanical braking system can be over come by application of electromagnetic brakes. • It makes use of opposing tendency of eddy current.
- 25. REFERENCE - • TEXTBOOKS • Theory of Machine Element by S. S. Ratan. • Design of Machine by R. S. Khurmi. • Electrical Engineering by J. B. Gupta.