Emerging Aquatic Food Quality and Safety Management Systems- Dr. Jeyasekaran.pdf

EMERGING AQUATIC FOOD QUALITY AND
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Prof. G. Jeyasekaran, Ph.D., FNAAS
Former Director of Research (TNJFU)
Tamil Nadu
Email: jeyasekarang@gmail.com

World Fisheries and Aquaculture
Production, Utilization and Trade

Global Aquatic Food Products Market Value
Global Aquatic Food Products market reached a value of 120.85 billion USD in
2016, and is forecasted to reach to about 155.32 billion USD by 2023

Major Exporter Countries of Aquatic
Food Products

Major Importer Countries of Aquatic
Food Products

Foods implicated in Food-borne Diseases in USA

Biological
Chemical
Physical
Major Hazards in Aquatic Food Products

Chemical
Hazards
Antibiotics
Chloramphenicol
Nitrofurans
Pesticides
Organochlorines
Organophosphates
Heavy
Metals
Hg, Cd, Pb, As
Food
Additives
Benzoates, sulfites,
nitrates
PAHs Benzopyrenes
Contaminants
Formalin
Ammonia

Biogenic Amines
in Aquatic Food Products

Microbial
Hazards
Bacterial
Pathogens
Salmonella
Vibrio
Listeria
Indicators
Staphylococcus
E. coli
Viral
Hepatitis A
virus
Norwalk
virus
Parasites
Anisakis,
Clonorchis

Main Reasons for Food Safety Issues in Aquatic
Food Products
Increasing demand for aquatic food products and the developments in
international fish trade have raised major concerns about:
➢ the overexploitation of aquatic resources
➢ the quality and safety of the products internationally traded
Globalization of the economy and the development of regional economic
groupings - highlighted the need for harmonizing fish safety and quality
assurance approaches, with the view to ensure fish safety and fair trade
practices

International Organizations for Food Safety Standards
▪ Codex Alimentarius Commission or Codex standards
▪ EU Hygienic Regulations
▪ United States Food & Drug Administration (USFDA)
Standards
▪ ISO 22000 Standards
▪ World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements

➢ The Codex Alimentarius - a collection of internationally recognized
standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and other recommendations
relating to foods, food production, and food safety.
➢ Codex Alimentarius Commission- a body established by the FAO &
WHO
➢ The Commission's main goals are
- to protect the health of consumers
- to ensure fair practices in the international food trade

Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO): Codex Alimentarius
Work of the Codex Alimentarius is divided between two basic types of
committees:
• General Subject Matter Committees (9 Nos.) that deal with general
principles, hygiene, veterinary drugs, pesticides, food additives, labelling,
methods of analysis, nutrition and import/export inspection and
certification systems.
• Commodity Committees (12 Nos.), which deal with a specific type of
food class or group, such as dairy and dairy products, fats and oils, or
fish and fish products.

EU Regulations
European Union- Unique economic
and political partnership between
28 democratic European countries.
World’s largest trader (16%) of
manufactured goods and services.
Unlike the USA and Japan, the
EU share of World trade has
been stable over the last 10
years.

EU Food Law Requirements for Traceability
[Directive 89/396/EEC – Article 1(2)]

Labeling for Seafood Products
(Regulation No 104/2000/EC and No 2065/2001/EC)

EU Legislation for IUU fishing

EU Hygienic Regulations
EU has specified 62 parameters for potable water meant
for food processing
➢ 4 organoleptic parameters
➢ 15 physico-chemical parameters
➢ 24 undesirable substances in excessive amounts
➢ 13 toxic substances
➢ 6 microbiological parameters
➢ 4 parameters for softened water as requirements
relating to the quality of water intended for human
consumption through its Council Directive No.
80/778/EEC

❖ Established under Article 8 of Directive 92/59/EEC on general product
safety (later amended by Directive 2001/95).
❖ Scope of the RASFF to include animal feeds and the Border
Inspection Posts network, and aims to provide the European Union
control authorities with an effective tool to exchange information in
response to serious food and feed risks detected in food.
❖ The 519 notifications on fish and fishery products accounted for 18%
of the total notified products in 2016.
❖ Bivalve mollusc products represented 84 notifications accounting for
16%; 69 (13%) for crustacean products; 38 (7.0%) for cephalopod
products and finally just one notification for gastropod products with a
0.2 % of the whole notified products.

2018 RASFF Notifications
RASFF Annual Report 2018

US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a federal
agency of the United States Department of Health and
Human Services.
• The United States of America – gives supreme importance
to the safety of the general public - enacted several laws

❖Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
❖Public Health Service Act
❖Fair Packaging and Labelling Act
❖Tea Importation Act
❖Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act
❖Import Milk Act
Laws of USFDA

Salmonella/ Arizona Absent in 375 g
Listeria monocytogenes
(cooked)
Absent in 25 g
Staphylococcus aureus 100/g
Sulphur dioxide 1oo ppm
Mercury 0.5ppm
PCBs 2 ppm
DDT and its derivatives 5 ppm
BHC 0.3 ppm
Aldrin and Dieldrin 0.3 ppm
Chlordane 0.3 ppm
Mirex 0.1 ppm
Heptachlor 0.3 ppm
Diquat 0.1 ppm
Fluridone 0.5 ppm
Glyphosate 0.25 ppm
2,4-D 1 ppm
U
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International Organization for
Standardization (ISO)
➢ Established in Geneva, Switzerland
➢ Aim: To develop uniform international manufacturing trade
and communication standards
➢ Purpose:
➢ - to promote the development of standardization and
related world activities
➢ - to facilitate the international exchange of goods and
services
➢ - to develop cooperation in intellectual, scientific,
technological and economic activities

ISO 22000:2005 Food Safety Management System
❖ FSMS is a management system designed to enable organizations
to control food safety hazards along the food chain in order to
ensure that food is safe at the time of consumption
❖ Developed by ISO/TC 34 and published on Sep 2005
❖ Standard is intended to address only aspects of food safety
concerns
❖ Applies to all stages of the supply chain

Continuous Improvement of FSMS

ISO 22000:2005 Certification Process

Benefits of ISO 22000 Food Safety Management
1 • Increase the profits
2 • Control and eliminate food safety risks
3
• Continually improve the processes needed to provide safe food
4
• Built customer’s confidence on your ability to control any food safety
hazards
5
• Ensure sustainable food safety
6
• Promote international trade

World Trade Organization
(WTO) Agreement
Final Act of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, which
began in Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in
Marrakesh, Morocco in April 1994, established the World Trade
Organization (WTO) to succeed the General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT).
• Significant implications for food safety and quality arise from the Final
Act of the Uruguay Round, especially from two binding agreements:
• Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)
Measures
• Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement)

Agreement on Sanitary
and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures
➢ The Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement confirms the right of
WTO member countries to apply measures necessary to protect
human, animal and plant life and health.
➢ The purpose of the SPS Agreement is to ensure that measures
established by Governments to protect human, animal and plant life
and health, in the agricultural sector, including fisheries, are consistent
with obligations prohibiting arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination on
trade between countries where the same conditions prevail and are
not disguised restrictions on international trade

Agreement on Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT)
❖ The Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT)
ensures that members do not use technical regulations
or standards as disguised measures to protect domestic
industries from foreign competition.
❖ Labeling disputes
❖ Testing procedures

Indian Scenario
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
➢ Established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 as a
statutory body for laying down science based standards for articles
of food and regulating manufacturing, processing, distribution, sale
and import of food so as to ensure safe and wholesome food for
human consumption.
➢ "Codex India" - the National Codex Contact Point (NCCP) for
India, is the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (Ministry
of Health and Family Welfare).

Ministries involved in Aquatic Food Safety
activities in India

Export Inspection Council of India (EIC)
➢ The requirements for the approval of the seafood establishments meant for export
have been notified vide GOI Notification S.O. 730(E) dated 21.8.1995, and
subsequent amendment Orders S.O. 792 (E) dated 17.8.2001, S.O.722 (E) dated
10.7.2002, S.O. 464 (E) dated 24.4.2003, and S.O. 1227 (E) dated 23.10.2003- The
Export Inspection Council of India is vested with the said powers.
➢ EIC under the Ministry of Commerce is functioning with Export Inspection Agencies
(EIA) located at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, and Cochin
➢ EIC, the Competent Authority in India, approves the seafood establishments meant
for processing seafood for export to EU and non-EU countries

Services of EIA
➢ Certification of quality of export commodities through installation of quality
assurance systems in the exporting units
➢ Certification of quality of food items for export through implementation of
Food Safety Management System (FSMS) in the food processing units as
per international standards
➢ Issue of different types of Certificates such as Health, Authenticity, etc. to
exporters under various product schemes for export
➢ Issue of Certificates of Origin to exporters under various preferential tariff
schemes for export products
➢ Recognition of Inspection Agencies as per ISO 17020 and Laboratories as
per ISO 17025 and utilizing them for inspection and testing

Vision of Sustainable Aquatic Foods

Sustainable and Secure Future
Aquatic Food Product Systems

Conclusion
➢ Aquatic Food Products constitute important food resources
providing much-needed nutrients to humans
➢ Globalization, international trade and increased awareness on food
safety have inspired development of national and international
regulations
➢ HACCP is the key instrument in an integrated approach to aquatic
food safety and quality management system
➢ WTO, WHO/FAO, Codex Alimentarius, ISO, USFDA, EU, Japan-
Key players in aquatic food safety & quality regulations at global
level
➢ FSSAI & EIC are the important food regulatory authorities in India

Emerging Aquatic Food Quality and Safety Management Systems- Dr. Jeyasekaran.pdf

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