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Emerging Battery Chemistries | Reimagining EVs Beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries
The webinar discusses emerging battery chemistries essential for the evolution of electric vehicles (EVs), showcasing current trends, key developments, and the industry's challenges and opportunities. Focus areas include solid-state batteries, innovations in battery materials, and the significant role of companies like Samsung SDI and CATL in advancing technology. The presentation highlights the need for sustainable battery solutions, increased investments, and evolving user needs in the market.
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Emerging Battery Chemistries | Reimagining EVs Beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries
- 1. Emerging Battery Chemistries – ReimaginingEVs beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries Emerging Tech Webinar April 2023
- 2. www.bisresearch.com I Allright reserved Emerging Battery Chemistries – Reimagining EVs beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries Speakers Konstantin Solodovnikov Chief Executive Officer Innolith Vani Dantam Chief Operating Officer (Energy Storage Technologies) NexTech Batteries, Inc. Pranav Nagaveykar Research Engineer Université Paris-Saclay Dhrubajyoti Narayan Principal Analyst BIS Research
- 3. www.bisresearch.com I Allright reserved Emerging Battery Chemistries – Reimagining EVs beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries Agenda ▪ Introduction ▪ Current Trends and Future Potential ▪ Key Developments and Industry Players ▪ Investments and Key Minerals ▪ Presentations of Guest Speakers ▪ Konstantin Solodovnikov ▪ Vani Dantam ▪ Pranav Nagaveykar ▪ Concluding Remarks by Dhrubajyoti Narayan ▪ Q&A
- 4. Overview of the ElectricVehicle Battery Industry
- 5. www.bisresearch.com I Allright reserved Emerging Battery Chemistries – Reimagining EVs beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries Electric Vehicle Battery: Current Trends and Future Potential Trends ➢ Solid-State Batteries ➢ Nickel-Rich Cathodes ➢ Dry Electrode Manufacturing to Reduce Battery Costs ➢ Emergence of Lithium Iron ➢ Phosphate Batteries Growth Factors ➢ Increasing Demand for Electric Vehicles ➢ Reduction in Cost of Electric ➢ Vehicle Batteries ➢ Increased Investments and Collaborations ➢ Government Policies and Regulations Business Challenges ➢ Procurement Concerns Over Raw Materials ➢ Environmental Concerns ➢ Related to EV Batteries ➢ Concerns Over Battery Safety Opportunities ➢ Sustainable and Low-Carbon Materials ➢ Innovations in Battery ➢ Chemistries ➢ Recycling and Circular Economy in EV Batteries
- 6. www.bisresearch.com I Allright reserved Emerging Battery Chemistries – Reimagining EVs beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries Electric Vehicle Battery: Key Developments and Industry Players Key Industry Players in Electric Vehicle Battery Market Company Date Description Samsung SDI May 2022 Samsung SDI collaborated with Stellantis to set up a battery gigafactory in Indiana, U.S. CATL March 2023 CATL began series production of its upgraded third generation cell-to-pack (CTP) battery system named Qilin. LG Energy Solutions January 2023 LG Energy Solutions and Honda Motor Co. formed a joint venture named L-H Battery Company to set up lithium-ion battery cell factory in Ohio, U.S. Nissan February 2023 Nissan announced its target to start the production of liquid-free, low-cost solid-state batteries by 2025. Solid Power January 2023 BMW announced the start of the next phase of joint research and development with Solid Power for the development of automotive solid- state batteries. Key Developments in Electric Vehicle Battery Market
- 7. www.bisresearch.com I Allright reserved Emerging Battery Chemistries – Reimagining EVs beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries Electric Vehicle Battery: Investments and Key Minerals Announced EV and EV Battery Manufacturing Investments By Company, till 2022 Mineral Share in an Average Electric Vehicle Battery Source: Atlas EV Hub 95 77 70 50 46 40 36 35 34 33 0 20 40 60 80 100 Volkswagen Hyundai Toyota Ford Mercedes Benz Honda Stellantis Tesla General Motors CATL ($Billion) 28.10% 18.90% 15.70% 10.80% 10.80% 5.40% 4.30% 3.20% 2.70% Graphite Aluminum Nickel Copper Steel Manganese Cobalt Lithium Iron Source: Transport & Environment
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- 24. Vani Kumar Dantam ChiefOperating Officer Next Generation Battery Technology
- 25. ❑ In 1964,Russian Astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev developed models for different types of civilizations based on how much energy is consumed and produced (Type 1 - 10⁴TW, Type 2 - 10¹⁴TW, Type 3 - 10²⁴TW). ❑ Later, the model was extended up to Type 7 by Sci-Fi writers, integrating British theoretical physicist Freeman Dyson’s “Dyson spheres” all the way into Type 7. ❑ In 2021, global energy production capacity was 11.05TW (0.11% of what is needed to become Type 1). Fossil Fuels account for 4.4TW, and Renewables and ESS account for 3.2TW of the 11.05TW. HISTORY
- 26. ❑ American physicalchemist Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875 – 1946), the father of Li-Ion batteries, developed the first Li-Ion based energy storage solution in 1912. ❑ Though his invention changed the world, he never won the Nobel prize despite being nominated 41 times. HISTORY
- 27. ❑ In 1976,British chemist Michael Stanley Whittingham patented the first viable lithium-based battery. The low weight, high-energy density nature of his battery, coupled with its capability to work at room temperature, was considered a breakthrough. ❑ In 2019, Whittingham was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside John Bannister Goodenough from the U.S. and Akira Yoshino from Japan for their contributions to Lithium-ion battery technology. HISTORY
- 28. ✓ Lower cost($/KWh/Yr) ✓ Higher performance & life ✓ Faster rechargeability ✓ Superior safety (Production & Usage) ✓ Lower weight & volume ✓ Lower carbon footprint ✓ Regionally available & sustainable materials OBJECTIVES
- 29. ➢ New &environmentally favorable chemistries ➢ Less CapEx intensive & quicker electrode pasting ➢ Less CapEx intensive cell assemblies ➢ Shorter formations ➢ Application-based BMS & module design ➢ Application-based electrode metrics DEVELOPMENTS Development of next-generation batteries is driven by:
- 30. ➢ Total AddressableMarket (TAM) ➢ The TAM for batteries is significant and growing rapidly, driven by rising EV penetration, technology trends and environmental concerns. 2030 2020 264 GWh $50bn TAM 2020 2025 2030 2025 1.2 TWh $125bn TAM 2030 2.3 TWh $180bn TAM Solid-State is expected to open up new market opportunities driving upside to TAM THE BATTERY DECADE
- 31. Powering the future ✓Founded in 2016 in Carson City, Nevada ✓ Goal of becoming the industry leader in Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) and Solid State battery technology ✓ Exclusive license to the University of California Berkeley Lab’s Li-S battery intellectual property ✓ Strong foundation through continued research to amass a large patent portfolio, trade secrets, and manufacturing expertise ✓ Multidisciplinary team of 33 (including 4 PhDs) in the U.S. ✓ Deep expertise in materials synthesis, design & prototyping, operations, and battery cells ✓ Invested ~$20 million to date, plan to invest $30+ million more in the next 3 years to improve product and scale up ABOUT US
- 32. NexTech is ina prime position to bring Li-S technology to market NexTech’s Lithium-Sulfur batteries will disrupt many markets: ▪ NexTech will enter the market as the only company to have produced cells with more than 400Wh/Kg and 400Wh/L gravimetric and volumetric energy densities respectively ▪ $60/KWh (2026 target) BOM at commercial production levels ▪ Successfully completed UN38.3 certification of current cell designs ▪ Build Pilot Plant in the next 18 months to increase the production capacity and produce additional cell designs NexTech’s Li-S batteries offer a unique and superior value proposition due to: ▪ Lower cost with simplified manufacturing processes ▪ Weight advantage ▪ Improved safety profile with better performance Approach Target Markets Value Proposition STRATEGIC GOALS ▪ Electrification of transportation ▪ Electrification of agricultural machines ▪ Drones/eVTOLs ▪ Replacement for current lead acid batteries ▪ Electrification of Industrial machines ▪ Grid Storage
- 33. ✓ Manufacturing: Li-Scells have a similar structure & construction to Li-ion. NexTech uses off-the-shelf manufacturing equipment. ✓ Anode: NexTech uses a lithium-metal anode with a proprietary manufacturing process to facilitate high yield cell assembly. ✓ Cathode: NexTech’s cathode consists mainly of sulfur and graphene, without the scarce, heavy, and expensive metals Li-ion uses. Crucially, there is no oxygen in the reaction, meaning no potential for thermal runaway. ✓ Electrolyte: NexTech’s proprietary electrolyte is the key to achieving the highest cycle life in the Li-S market segment. ✓ IP Protection: NexTech may elect to manufacture and distribute our unique cathode material and its proprietary electrolyte to licensed OEMs or JVs, thereby creating a recurring and sustainable revenue stream. Off-the-shelf commodity electrolyte N xT ch’s proprietary electrolyte prevents polysulfide shuttling & lithium dendrites Current collector (Al) Current collector (Al) Cu Li NexTech Li-S Production Cells can deliver: Energy >350 Wh/kg BOM Cost <$60/kWh Typical NMC 811 Li-ion cell: Energy ~275 Wh/kg Cost >$120/kWh Copper current collector with a graphite anode showing lithium ions in matrix Lithium metal anode treated with a proprietary manufacturing process Dense cathode consisting of nickel, manganese, cobalt, and oxygen Proprietary cathode blend consists primarily of sulfur and proprietary graphene, both lightweight and abundant. No oxygen = no thermal runaway TECHNOLOGY
- 34. NexTech’s competitors havenot overcome these common commercialization issues POLYSULFIDE SHUTTLE POLYSULFIDE CONVERSION INSULATION OF S8 AND Li2S LITHIUM DENDRITE FORMATION ✓ Proprietary electrolyte additives, and charge profile dramatically reduce dendrite formation ✓ Proprietary electrolyte will not dissolve polysulfides ✓ Enables Li2S SEI layer to protect lithium ✓ Proprietary electrolyte does not allow polysulfides to dissolve, which minimize the shuttling effect ✓ Proprietary cathode design increases sulfur conductivity, which eliminates insulation issues ✓ Demonstrated in high performance applications (10C) ✓ Industry experts acknowledge NexTech’s active materials (cathode) are best in class. NEXTECH IS SOLVING THESE ISSUES Issues Limiting Li-S Commercialization ✓ LISA European consortium results validated that NexTech’s cathodes and cells exceed all other suppliers’ results. Improve cycle life to meet customer expectations
- 35. Electrode manufacturing Cellassembly Cell finishing Conventional Lithium-ion cell Nextech’s Lithium-sulfur cells Sealing Degassing Packaging Filling Welding Stacking / winding Formation Aging Testing Sorting Mixing Drying Coating Calendering Cathode Anode Solvent recovery Slitting Mixing Coating Drying Calendering Slitting -------------------------------- 9 days ---------------------------------- Filling & sealing Formation & Testing Coating & Drying 2 days Cathode Anode Mixing Calendering Slitting Slitting Stacking / winding Packaging Welding Sorting Li-S production requires - half the steps of Li-Ion - half the equipment and - half the time Not required for Li-S X X Not required for Li-S FACTORY PROCESS FLOW COMPARISON
- 36. MATERIAL LITHIUM-ION LITHIUM-SULFURNOTES Lithium Lithium carbonate Lithium metal Ioneer & Albemarle contracted for lithium WW lithium production is a major investment area, costs expected to drop Scarce metals Cobalt, nickel, manganese None Normally expensive and big cost spike recently Other materials Toxic solvents (NMP) Sulfur, carbon, graphene, H₂O solvent Contracted graphene supplier Social issues Conflict metals from the Congo, Russia, and Indonesia Readily available minerals Reduced reliance on China supply chains Electrolyte Standard formula Proprietary formula In-house manufacturing and product supply control Li-S materials will be lower cost and easier to source. MANAGING THE SUPPLY CHAIN
- 37. 10 3 10 2 6 3 5 8 3 3 10 10 - 20 4060 80 Contingency Other capex Cost of reactor lines Casting Assembly machines Pouching/can Formation channels Handling + automated packaging ERP & Control DI Water Treatment and disposal Dryroom + Dehumidifiers Building fitup Total Li-S Gigafactory cost Millions LI-SULFUR CELL MANUFACTURING IS 2-3 X LESS CAPEX INTENSIVE THAN LI-ION 2.5 GWh Li-S Gigafactory capex breakdown, in million $ 73 Li-S directly eliminates at least 36% of capex compared to a typical GWh-scale Li- Ion production plant Receiving Materials preparation Electrode coating Calendering Materials handling Electrode slitting Vacuum drying Control laboratory Cell assembly in dry room Filling and Celling in dry room Formation cycling and testing Module and pack assembly Rejected cell and scrap 18% Typical Capex breakdown for Li-ion facility 10% 11% 12% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 5% 29% Formation cycling and testing considerably reduced Sealing and drying eliminated Data from Argonne National Lab and Solid Power 5% CAPEX
- 38. LI-SULFUR CELL MANUFACTURINGIS 2-3 X LESS CAPEX INTENSIVE THAN LI-ION 170 150 136 128 126 114 114 107 106 61 30 xx Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 2017-18 2019-20 2021-22 2023-24 Cell capex efficiency, in million $/GWh Data from Bloomberg NEF, FREYR ▪ Manufacturing of lithium-sulfur cells avoids some of the most challenging and lengthy steps of the production process, especially at the finishing stage ▪ This lean manufacturing process eliminates the need for some of the most expensive capex, such as the anode pasting equipment, some sealing equipment, formation cycling, and testing equipment ▪ In addition, NexTech can use existing warehouse space due to lack of solvent recovery/hazmat systems, reducing building construction capex ▪ Overall, NexTech intends to develop its Gigafactory at much lower capital cost, reducing the breakeven point to ~800MWh to 1.2GWh. CAPEX
- 39. Introduction to Solidstate batteries Pranav Nagaveykar
- 40. INDEX • Need fornew battery technology • Solid State battery (SSBs) • Working of SSBs • Energy Density of SSBs • Different types of SSBs • Current Challenges • Interface Instability • Future Scopes
- 41. Need for Newbattery technology • Liquid electrolyte li ion batteries - limited scope • Even with using Silicon anodes, the expected increase is not enough • Safety of batteries is compromised
- 42. Dendrite growth inlithium battery leads to failure. Source: SLAC National Laboratory, Stanford University Dendrites
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- 44. Graphite (negative electrode) Positive electrode Liquid Electrolyte Liquid Electrolyte Separator Li Metal (negative electrode) Positive electrode Solid state electrolyte Solid state &conventional battery architecture Solid State Battery and conventional battery
- 45. How does transferthrough Diffusion work?
- 46. Why do SSBshave more Energy density? • Lithium metal(3800mAh/g) vs Graphite(372mAh/g) Anodes. • Higher density of Li ion availability -> higher energy density.
- 47. Energy density increasedon all levels
- 48. How Safe areSolid State batteries? Figure: Solid state battery experiment at UCSD LESC department.
- 49. How fast doSolid state batteries charge?
- 50. Different type ofSolid-State electrolytes SSBs are broadly classified under 3 types- • Polymers (Blue) • Oxides (Magenta) • Sulfides (Orange)
- 51. Classification of Solid-Stateelectrolytes
- 52. Challenges in SolidState Batteries
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- 54. Interface stability Objective isto minimizing the interfacial impedances between the SSE and the electrodes
- 55. Source: Roland Zenn;orovel.com Solid state batteries from a) Solid power b) Quantumscape c) SES Power and d) Factorial a b c d Industrial developments in Solid-State Batteries
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- 58. www.bisresearch.com I Allright reserved Emerging Battery Chemistries – Reimagining EVs beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries Key Takeaways Transition from Conventional Li-ion to New Chemistries Several Upcoming Technology Trends Better Performance than Conventional Li-ion Cost-Effective Production Advantages Emerging Companies in Battery Chemistry Ecosystem Increasing Investments in EV Batteries Evolving End Users Needs and New EV Models
- 59. www.bisresearch.com I Allright reserved Emerging Battery Chemistries – Reimagining EVs beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries Electric Vehicle and Energy: Research Production Plan (2022 and 2023) Recently Published Reports ▪ Immersion Cooling Fluids Market for EVs ▪ Stationary Energy Storage Market ▪ Structural Adhesives and Sealants for EV Batteries ▪ Battery Manufacturing Equipment Market ▪ Lithium-Ion Battery Metals Market ▪ Sodium-Ion Batteries Market ▪ Sulfur-Based Battery Market ▪ EV Charging Management Software Platform Market Upcoming Reports ▪ Global Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Market ▪ Next-Generation Anode Materials Market ▪ Global Automotive Solid-State Battery Market ▪ Global Electric Vehicles Battery Market ▪ Global Cathode Materials Market ▪ Global Advance Energy Storage and Fuel Cell Market ▪ Refrigeration Components Market for Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) and Charging System for Electric Vehicles For more information about any report please click on the report name, and please visit https://bisresearch.com/ for any other queries and report details
- 60. www.bisresearch.com I Allright reserved Emerging Battery Chemistries – Reimagining EVs beyond Conventional Li-Ion Batteries Insight Monk ▪ Over 30 Electric Vehicle industry market intelligence reports ▪ Access to PDFs from over 100,000 reputed sources ▪ Market Statistics ▪ Company profiles for leading and emerging companies in the Electric Vehicle industry ▪ Database of key industry professionals ▪ Expert content like analyst notes, whitepapers ▪ Global expert network for consultations To get a free trial access, please schedule a demo. Visit: https://www.insightmonk.com/
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