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Empowering Interculturalism for a Europe in Crisis: new perspectives on encountering difference
The document discusses the challenges of interculturalism in the context of globalization, focusing on issues of identity, social justice, and the impact of migration on European societies. It highlights the complexities of assimilation versus integration, the persistence of inequality, and the need for inclusive education and policy frameworks. The narrative emphasizes the urgency for recognizing and valuing diversity to foster social cohesion amid an evolving socio-political landscape.
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Empowering Interculturalism for a Europe in Crisis: new perspectives on encountering difference
- 1. Linguistic, Educational andIntercultural Research 2015 Vilnius University 17 September 2015 Dr. Alan Bruce ULS Dublin
- 2. Entering thetime of Crisis Globalization: the impact of change Interculturalism and diversity Culture and Identity: threat or opportunity? Engaging with rights
- 3. How wrongcan you get? Fukuyama and the End of History (1992) Sociologies of dislocation The end of certainty: change or chaos? Narratives of movement Motivation: departing and arriving European dimensions
- 4. • Accelerating andpervasive • Meltdown and re-structuring since 2008 • Devaluation of the public sphere • Stratification and inequity – issues of social justice • Labor market transformation • Mobile capital and global investment linkage • Right to inclusion – token or real? • Access, quality and innovation in education • Generational demographics
- 5. End ofstable socio-political norms Uncertainty, fluid identity and unease A world turned upside down The poetry of quest – fromYeats to Kavafy A deep shiver of guilt – what have we done? What have we become? The ghosts that will not rest End of assumptions about European identity
- 6. Jena 1806:Phenomenology of Spirit Philosophy meets History Theory of the gaze - master-slave dialectic Desire, struggle and recognition The visibility of the Other
- 7. The old worldis dying. The new world struggles to be born. Now is the time of monsters. Antonio Gramsci
- 8. Persistence andincrease in inequality Permanent hopelessness of excluded Embedded violence Internal underclass Invisibility and ethnic difference Seeking scapegoats and creating victims
- 9. Mutual interactionor structured exclusion? Community values or communal rituals? Linkage to realities or past models? Shared memories or shared hatreds?
- 10. Explosion incommunication Immediacy of social media Learning from difference Adapting to innovative linkage Enhanced quality of interaction Added value from interaction
- 11. Learning inchaos: where are we? End of history or start of the unknown? Hidden lives, silent voices: secret communities? Fractured identities: who are we? Values and vision: why do we need intercultural policy?
- 12. Seismic shiftin human relationships Competitive pressures New forms of work organization New diversities Instant, multidimensional communications Quality standards
- 13. Constant oftenunexpected change Permanent migration mobility Identity and threat: where are we? Threat and reaction to threat End of welfare: demographic time-bombs Knowledge, innovation and democratic deficits Structural imbalances
- 14. Urban futures Ecological crisis and resource wars Outsourcing production Plural identities - end ofWestphalian statecraft Privatized everything Embedded difference and restricted access
- 15. • No returnto ‘normal’ • Polymorphic media • Planet of Slums (Mike Davis): hypercities of the future • Informal economies • Casualized employment • Constant connectedness and information explosion
- 16. Education asboth structure and process Education systems mirror world and society and of which they are part Education systems as constraining as liberating Forum for ideas or market for products? Or both….? Commodification of knowledge Impact on education systems (Freire, Illich, Field) Impact on work (Braverman, Haraszti, Davis) Impact on community
- 17. End oflinear models of learning Cognitive dissonance: what is needed is not being provided Alienation and anomie in a changing world Labor market flux and the loss of autonomy Adaptability and innovation as norm, not exception Globalized paradigms; fractured community Elephants in the room: power and ownership
- 19. Understanding dimensionsof human difference Framing the themes of ‘culture’ Is difference negative? Approaching diversity: concept and reality Designing for difference Eliminating threat and fear
- 20. Agreed definitionof multicultural Adjustment and accommodation Melting pot or mosaic Separate development Beliefs, values and practices Symbols, language and behaviour
- 21. Radical re-structuring Interconnected information/communication Differential access to resources Professional competence Dealing with transformational change Ensuring recognition and respect
- 22. Diversity vs.equality Role of legislation Relationship to community Justice and enforcement Tokenism and surface approaches Ascertaining facts
- 23. Interculturalism training Disability awareness competence Mentoring: diversity champions Researched best practice: reviewed Linguistic skills Comfort with difference: trust Contact and observational listening
- 24. New frameworksof social difference Classical formulations Challenges and conflict Integration or assimilation Discovery and engagement
- 25. Response tocrisis Earlier patterns Family and tradition Traditions of out-migration Acceptance of in-migration Never solitary act – always communal Vulnerabilities of movement - exploitation
- 26. PostWorldWar IIdislocation and refugees Post colonial impacts “Guest worker” systems Development of EU free movement Planned systems: labor market needs and demographics
- 27. Labor migration(1950-70) Family reunification (1965 on) Postindustrial migration (1980 on) Skilled workers Undeclared networks Refugees
- 28. Unlike the self-proclaimedcountries of immigration of the New World – the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand – Europe has found it difficult to come to terms with the fact of immigration. Many sections of European societies have been profoundly reluctant to welcome and incorporate immigrants, especially those coming from non-OECD countries who are perceived to have significantly different cultural and ethnic backgrounds.
- 29. Anti- immigrant sentimenthas manifested itself in: public support for restrictive immigration and asylum policies negative reporting on immigrants and asylum-seekers in the popular press discrimination against resident ethnic minority groups racist or anti-immigrant harassment and violence.
- 30. Significant challengesin terms of work and labor market Higher unemployment rates Discrimination in recruitment and career development Lower pay and lower job grades Exposure to harassment and bullying Stress and communication difficulties
- 31. Urbanized futures– the second generation Permanent exclusion and inequality Invisible otherness – frustration and resentment Trajectories of developmental progress Policy fractures: assimilation; multiculturalism; discrimination; integration Embedded violence – from trafficking to revolt
- 32. Spectres atthe gates Searching for meaning Searching for values Lampedusa to London: the trek of despair Learning systems and critical reflection Asserting identity: from gästarbeiter to citizen
- 34. New frameworksof social difference Classical formulations Challenges and conflict Integration or assimilation Discovery and engagement Intercultural imperatives
- 35. Recognizing difference Accepting difference Responding to difference Difference is permanent Creating opportunity through learning Managing diversity
- 36. Creating sharedmeaning in uncertain times Providing support and inclusion Valuing difference as a critical advantage Shaping futures not reacting to them
- 37. Constitutional rights:life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness All men are created equal… but Final frontiers: integration and assimilation Uncertain directions: from Abu Ghraib to Guantanamo
- 38. Rights ofman: liberty, equality, fraternity Thematic mythologies: social inclusion Hidden pasts: colonialism, fascism, exterminism The Union in crisis
- 39. Prejudice Stereotype Stigma Attitudes Negative imagery Fear and loathing
- 40. Interaction Empathy Communication Knowledge Removal of prejudice Linked themes: gender, power, violence, values
- 41. Permit exchange Greater knowledge Presumed growth in tolerance, acceptance, non-discrimination Enhanced learning
- 42. Promoting tolerancenot enough Racism requires policies on diversity, laws, anti-discrimination measures Ongoing issues around cost implications, ambiguities, resistance, rights
- 45. Integrating incivil society Paramount importance of labour market Citizenship Language competence Multi-agency partnerships
- 46. Not alwaysnegative Critical added value Integration problematic- depends on host attitudes Can create advantage Homogeneous is better?
- 47. Class Disabilityand health Religion Customs and traditions Citizenship and loyalty Gender
- 48. Developing comfortand expertise Reasserting law and justice perspectives Developing networks Developing knowledge Developing competence
- 49. New communities Responding and trust Early childhood interventions Music and creative performance Positive profile of the Story Internal creativity Innovation
- 50. The newracism: acceptable discrimination European policy in denial Breivik, Fortuijn, Le Pen…. Conspiracies of fear Xenophobia in a time of general crisis – back to the future? Sartre and The Roads to Freedom Creating rights and space for all – the guarantees of inclusion We are all refugees at some point
- 51. Valued diversity Democratic engagement Community empowerment Mutual benefit Legislative underpinning From tolerance to recognition Rights are rights for all Shared learning Acknowledged pasts - shared futures
- 52. Challenging norms- what is indigenous culture? Challenging stereotypes Talent, competence and communicative empathy Engagement with difference Embedded vision Recognition - seeing the Other seeing ourselves
- 53. Dr. Alan Bruce ULSDublin [email protected] Associate Offices: BARCELONA - HELSINKI - SÃO PAULO - CHICAGO