Ems Audits Ppt
- 1. EMS AUDITS Elaine Rivera MS, REM, RHCMM EHS Specialist Waste & Chemical Management Hazardous Waste, TSCA, DG/HM June 21, 2007
- 2. OBJETIVOS DEL CURSO Repasar los elementos de un sistema de Gerencia Ambiental Describir como se relaciona la totalidad del sistema de gerencia ambiental a un aspecto significativo y su relación con control operacional Comparar auditorias de cumplimiento con auditorias de sistema de gerencia ambiental Describir el proceso de Auditorias Internas de Sistemas de Gerencia Ambiental Análisis de Causa Raíz
- 3. SISTEMAS DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL ISO 14001:2004(E) Environmental Management Systems – Requirements with guidance for use Es un conjunto de elementos inter-relacionados que permiten a una organización el establecer una política ambiental y objetivo y el alcanzar estos. Un sistema de gerencia ambiental incluye elementos tales como estructura organizacional, planificación , responsabilidades, practicas, procedimientos, procesos y recursos.
- 4. SISTEMAS DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL Alcance: Especifica los requisitos para un sistemas de gerencia ambiental para permitir a una organización el desarrollar e implementar una política y objetivos que tomen en consideración los requisitos legales al igual que otros así adoptados por la organización e información de sus aspectos significativos Aplica a los aspectos que la organización pueda controlar e influenciar Todos los requisitos en este estándar están diseñados para ser incorporados en su totalidad en todo sistema de gerencia ambiental
- 5. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.1 General requirements The organization shall establish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve an environmental management system in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard and determine how it will fulfill these requirements. The organization shall define and document the scope of its environmental management system.
- 6. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.2 Environmental policy Top management shall define the organization's environmental policy and ensure that, within the defined scope of its environmental management system, it a) is appropriate to the nature, scale and environmental impacts of its activities, products and services, b) includes a commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution, c) includes a commitment to comply with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes which relate to its environmental aspects, d) provides the framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets, e) is documented, implemented and maintained, f) is communicated to all persons working for or on behalf of the organization, and g) is available to the public.
- 7. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.3 Planning 4.3.1 Environmental aspects The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) a) to identify the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services within the defined scope of the environmental management system that it can control and those that it can influence taking into account planned or new developments, or new or modified activities, products and services, and b) to determine those aspects that have or can have significant impact(s) on the environment (i.e. significant environmental aspects). The organization shall document this information and keep it up to date. The organization shall ensure that the significant environmental aspects are taken into account in establishing, implementing and maintaining its environmental management system.
- 8. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) a) to identify and have access to the applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes related to its environmental aspects, and b) to determine how these requirements apply to its environmental aspects. The organization shall ensure that these applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes are taken into account in establishing, implementing and maintaining its environmental management system.
- 9. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.3.3 Objectives, targets and programme(s) The organization shall establish, implement and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets, at relevant functions and levels within the organization. The objectives and targets shall be measurable, where practicable, and consistent with the environmental policy, including the commitments to prevention of pollution, to compliance with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and to continual improvement. When establishing and reviewing its objectives and targets, an organization shall take into account the legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and its significant environmental aspects. It shall also consider its technological options, its financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties.
- 10. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.3.3 Objectives, targets and programme(s), cont The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a programme(s) for achieving its objectives and targets. Programme(s) shall include a) designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at relevant functions and levels of the organization, and b) the means and time-frame by which they are to be achieved.
- 11. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.4 Implementation and operation 4.4.1 Resources, roles, responsibility and authority Management shall ensure the availability of resources essential to establish, implement, maintain and improve the environmental management system. Resources include human resources and specialized skills, organizational infrastructure, technology and financial resources. Roles, responsibilities and authorities shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to facilitate effective environmental management. The organization's top management shall appoint a specific management representative(s) who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have defined roles, responsibilities and authority for a) ensuring that an environmental management system is established, implemented and maintained in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard, b) reporting to top management on the performance of the environmental management system for review, including recommendations for improvement.
- 12. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness The organization shall ensure that any person(s) performing tasks for it or on its behalf that have the potential to cause a significant environmental impact(s) identified by the organization is (are) competent on the basis of appropriate education, training or experience, and shall retain associated records. The organization shall identify training needs associated with its environmental aspects and its environmental management system. It shall provide training or take other action to meet these needs, and shall retain associated records.
- 13. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness, cont.. The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to make persons working for it or on its behalf aware of a) the importance of conformity with the environmental policy and procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system, b) the significant environmental aspects and related actual or potential impacts associated with their work, and the environmental benefits of improved personal performance, c) their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformity with the requirements of the environmental management system, and d) the potential consequences of departure from specified procedures.
- 14. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.4.3 Communication With regard to its environmental aspects and environmental management system, the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for a) internal communication among the various levels and functions of the organization, b) receiving, documenting and responding to relevant communication from external interested parties. The organization shall decide whether to communicate externally about its significant environmental aspects, and shall document its decision. If the decision is to communicate, the organization shall establish and implement a method(s) for this external communication.
- 15. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.4.4 Documentation The environmental management system documentation shall include a) the environmental policy, objectives and targets, b) description of the scope of the environmental management system, c) description of the main elements of the environmental management system and their interaction, and reference to related documents, d) documents, including records, required by this International Standard, and e) documents, including records, determined by the organization to be necessary to ensure the effective planning, operation and control of processes that relate to its significant environmental aspects.
- 16. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.4.5 Control of documents Documents required by the environmental management system and by this International Standard shall be controlled. Records are a special type of document and shall be controlled in accordance with the requirements given in 4.5.4. The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to a) approve documents for adequacy prior to issue, b) review and update as necessary and re-approve documents, c) ensure that changes and the current revision status of documents are identified, d) ensure that relevant versions of applicable documents are available at points of use, e) ensure that documents remain legible and readily identifiable, f) ensure that documents of external origin determined by the organization to be necessary for the planning and operation of the environmental management system are identified and their distribution controlled, and g) prevent the unintended use of obsolete documents and apply suitable identification to them if they are retained for any purpose.
- 17. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.4.6 Operational control The organization shall identify and plan those operations that are associated with the identified significant environmental aspects consistent with its environmental policy, objectives and targets, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions, by a) establishing, implementing and maintaining a documented procedure(s) to control situations where their absence could lead to deviation from the environmental policy, objectives and targets, and b) stipulating the operating criteria in the procedure(s), and c) establishing, implementing and maintaining procedures related to the identified significant environmental aspects of goods and services used by the organization and communicating applicable procedures and requirements to suppliers, including contractors.
- 18. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to identify potential emergency situations and potential accidents that can have an impact(s) on the environment and how it will respond to them. The organization shall respond to actual emergency situations and accidents and prevent or mitigate associated adverse environmental impacts. The organization shall periodically review and, where necessary, revise its emergency preparedness and response procedures, in particular, after the occurrence of accidents or emergency situations. The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where practicable.
- 19. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.5 Checking 4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to monitor and measure, on a regular basis, the key characteristics of its operations that can have a significant environmental impact. The procedure(s) shall include the documenting of information to monitor performance, applicable operational controls and conformity with the organization's environmental objectives and targets. The organization shall ensure that calibrated or verified monitoring and measurement equipment is used and maintained and shall retain associated records.
- 20. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance 4.5.2.1 Consistent with its commitment to compliance, the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for periodically evaluating compliance with applicable legal requirements. The organization shall keep records of the results of the periodic evaluations. 4.5.2.2 The organization shall evaluate compliance with other requirements to which it subscribes. The organization may wish to combine this evaluation with the evaluation of legal compliance referred to in 4.5.2.1 or to establish a separate procedure(s). The organization shall keep records of the results of the periodic evaluations.
- 21. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.5.3 Nonconformity, corrective action and preventive action The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for dealing with actual and potential nonconformity(ies) and for taking corrective action and preventive action. The procedure(s) shall define requirements for a) identifying and correcting nonconformity(ies) and taking action(s) to mitigate their environmental impacts, b) investigating nonconformity(ies), determining their cause(s) and taking actions in order to avoid their recurrence, c) evaluating the need for action(s) to prevent nonconformity(ies) and implementing appropriate actions designed to avoid their occurrence, d) recording the results of corrective action(s) and preventive action(s) taken, and e) reviewing the effectiveness of corrective action(s) and preventive action(s) taken. Actions taken shall be appropriate to the magnitude of the problems and the environmental impacts encountered. The organization shall ensure that any necessary changes are made to environmental management system documentation.
- 22. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.5.4 Control of records The organization shall establish and maintain records as necessary to demonstrate conformity to the requirements of its environmental management system and of this International Standard, and the results achieved. The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for the identification, storage, protection, retrieval, retention and disposal of records. Records shall be and remain legible, identifiable and traceable.
- 23. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.5.5 Internal audit The organization shall ensure that internal audits of the environmental management system are conducted at planned intervals to a) determine whether the environmental management system 1) conforms to planned arrangements for environmental management including the requirements of this International Standard, and 2) has been properly implemented and is maintained, and b) provide information on the results of audits to management.
- 24. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.5.5 Internal audit, cont. Audit programme(s) shall be planned, established, implemented and maintained by the organization, taking into consideration the environmental importance of the operation(s) concerned and the results of previous audits. Audit procedure(s) shall be established, implemented and maintained that address — the responsibilities and requirements for planning and conducting audits, reporting results and retaining associated records, — the determination of audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods. Selection of auditors and conduct of audits shall ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process.
- 25. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.6 Management review Top management shall review the organization's environmental management system, at planned intervals, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. Reviews shall include assessing opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the environmental management system, including the environmental policy and environmental objectives and targets. Records of the management reviews shall be retained.
- 26. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.6 Management review, cont. Input to management reviews shall include a) results of internal audits and evaluations of compliance with legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes, b) communication(s) from external interested parties, including complaints, c) the environmental performance of the organization, d) the extent to which objectives and targets have been met, e) status of corrective and preventive actions, f) follow-up actions from previous management reviews, g) changing circumstances, including developments in legal and other requirements related to its environmental aspects, and h) recommendations for improvement.
- 27. REQUISITOS DE UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL 4.6 Management review, cont. The outputs from management reviews shall include any decisions and actions related to possible changes to environmental policy, objectives, targets and other elements of the environmental management system, consistent with the commitment to continual improvement.
- 28. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.1 Requerimientos Estudiar estructura y elementos del programa principalmente : Manual del Sistema de Gerencia Ambiental el cual describe como se cumple con cada requisito Identificar scope o alcance del Programa de gerencia ambiental (edificios, procesos, departamentos)
- 29. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.2 Política Ambiental Estudiar la política y como se ha comunicado a la organización y contratistas
- 30. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.3.1 Aspectos Ambientales Estudiar el procedimiento documentado que describe como se analizan los aspectos significativos y el criterio para determinar los mas significativos Determinar como estos a su vez se toman en consideración en el establecimiento, implementación y mantenimiento del programa de gerencia ambiental
- 31. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.3.3 Requisitos Legales Estudiar el procedimiento documentado de identificar requerimientos legales aplicables y como se tiene acceso de cambios en estos Se espera ver un documento de cuales son estos aspectos legales
- 32. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.3.4 Objetivos, Metas y Programas Se espera ver un documento con metas y objetivos identificando recursos e intervalo de tiempo en el cual se van a implementar estos Estudiar correlación con aspectos significativos
- 33. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.4.1 Recursos, roles, responsabilidad y autoridad Evaluación de personal y presupuesto en comparación a complejidad de la organización y sus aspectos significativos, metas u objetivos Designación de representante de la Gerencia
- 34. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.4.2 Competencia y Adiestramiento Evaluación de la preparación, adiestramiento o experiencia de recursos con responsabilidades en la implementación programa de gerencia ambiental Cualquier otro recurso que tiene responsabilidades de ejecutar tareas en los procedimientos de control operacional Se estudia análisis o matrices de adiestramiento, métricas y sistema para asegurarse personal se adiestre inicial y periódicamente FINCA de no-conformidades
- 35. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.4.3 Comunicación Estudiar sistema de comunicación interna a través de toda la organización Se estudia como se atienden comunicaciones externas como de agencias, vecinos, miembros de comunidad etc.
- 36. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.4.4 Documentación Verificación de documentación a través de todos los requisitos del estándar
- 37. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.4.5 Control de Documentos Verificación de documentación que describen el manejo de documentos tales como proc operacionales, sus revisiones periódicas, sus postings, control de ultimas versiones, formato de procedimientos y control de documentación
- 38. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.4.6 Control Operacional Estudiar procedimientos operacionales y asegurase que estos atiendan los aspectos significativos y legales (elemento de cumplimiento en políticas) Incluye suplidores y contratistas Verificación de documentación que describen el manejo de documentos tales como proc operacionales, sus revisiones periódicas, sus postings, control de ultimas versiones, formato de procedimientos y control de documentación FINCA de No Conformidades
- 39. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.4.7 Respuesta a Emergencias Definir cuales son las emergencias que pueden ocurrir en el área y cuales son los procedimientos a seguir para responder
- 40. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.5.1 Monitoreo y Medidas Determinar procedimientos para medir las características de las operaciones que pueden tener impacto : EJ Cantidad de desperdicios peligrosos Emisiones de generadores de emergencia Uso de químicos Descargas de agua y su composición Uso de agua Consumo de energía Procedimientos de calibración equipos cuyas desviaciones pueden tener un impacto en el medio ambiente
- 41. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.5.2 evaluación de cumplimiento Estudiar procedimiento y documentos de evaluación de cumplimiento contra requisitos legales
- 42. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.5.3 No-Conformidades, acciones correctivas y preventivas Estudiar procedimiento para identificar, corregir, investigar y prevenir no conformidades contra requisitos legales y de sistema de gerencia ambiental Revisar no-conformidad y so documentación hasta su cierre
- 43. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.5.4 Control de documentos Ir al área en donde se mantiene físicamente los archivos así requeridos por los procedimientos y verificar algunos de estos contra el procedimiento que establece como estos van a ser manejados
- 44. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.5.5 Auditorias Internas Verificar procedimiento que describe el programa de auditorias Estudiar reportes de auditorias y verificar como se han atendido algunas de las no conformidades Entrevistar a auditor Verificar adiestramientos y experiencia de auditores Verificar schedule
- 45. ¿QUE BUSCAMOS CUANDO AUDITAMOS UN SISTEMA DE GERENCIA AMBIENTAL? 4.6 Revisión Gerencial Identificar schedule de revisiones gerenciales Verificar minutas, tópicos cubiertos y action items Verificar asistencia de gerencia/directores Entrevistar a algún director
- 46. PROCESO DE PLANIFICACIÓN DE AUDITORIAS INTERNAS Identificar tipo de auditoria Identificar “scope” o alcance de auditoria Identificar auditores y Líder o Director del Proceso Definir aéreas a auditarse y “schedule” Identificar auditores para cada área o departamento Definir roles de auditores: ¿Quien es el líder? ¿ Quien preparara el reporte final ? ¿ Hay observadores ? ¿ Quien coordina día/hora/citas personal a entrevistar ?
- 47. PROCESO DE PLANIFICACIÓN DE AUDITORIAS INTERNAS Definir “checklist” de preguntas o material a cubrirse cuando se lleve a cabo la auditoria Definir checkpoints durante procesos de auditorias por el Director del proceso con los grupos de auditores Evaluación /Análisis de los hallazgos por los grupos de auditoria auditores verificar proceso de auditorias Definir no-conformidad vs. Hallazgo vs. recomendación
- 48. PROCESO DE AUDITORIAS INTERNAS Director del Proceso envía comunicado a Director/Gerente Área o Departamento, representantes de EHS y auditores por lo menos con un mes de anticipación, con la siguiente información: Descripción del alcance de la auditoria el schedule , kick-off meeting, comienzo, reunión cierre checklist de auditoria (altamente recomendable) o estándares a ser utilizados
- 49. PROCESO DE AUDITORIAS INTERNAS Auditores visitan las áreas para la recopilación de la evidencia objetiva de cumplimiento y no-cumplimiento contra estándares Director del Proceso reúne auditores para discutir hallazgos Análisis de hallazgos para determinar elementos comunes o similares para ir agrupando los hallazgos Clasificar estos hallazgos en no-conformidades, observaciones, o recomendaciones Identificar buenas y excelentes practicas observadas en las aéreas
- 50. PROCESO DE REPORTE DE AUDITORIAS INTERNAS El reporte de la auditoria debe de tener: descripción del proceso de auditoria alcance resultados (no-conformidades, observaciones, recomendaciones y buenas y excelentes practicas) Identificar el correspondiente estándar o requisito para cada no conformidad y observación Descripción del proceso a seguir para atender las no-conformidades y observaciones
- 51. NO-NOS DURANTE EL PROCESO DE AUDITORIA Trate de no discutir no-conformidades durante el proceso de revisión o auditorias No de recomendaciones de cómo debe corregir el hallazgo Limite su comentarios a cual es el hallazgo vs. tu tiene que hacer ….. Un auditor líder no debe ser el representante de EHS del área auditada, evite conflictos de intereses Evite dar una no-conformidad al no estar de acuerdo de la manera que se manejan algunos asuntos vs. si cumple con los requisitos del estándar
- 52. SI-SIIS DURANTE EL PROCESO DE AUDITORIA Pregunte sobre el proceso u operaciones del departamento Pregunte a cualquier personal que pase por el área sobre algún requisito o procedimiento del área Abrir gabinetes y closets Estudie resultados de auditorias anteriores Estudie procedimientos operaciones del área Busque MSDS del área Mire dentro de los zafacones de las aéreas Inspeccione aéreas de almacenaje de químicos Inspeccione aéreas satélites y de 90 días para desperdicios peligrosos Verifique sistema de tracking de adiestramientos Verifique métricas de las aéreas