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Energy
The document discusses different forms of energy including potential, kinetic, electrical, mechanical, chemical, heat, light, and various energy sources such as hydro, solar, wind, biomass, fossil fuels, and nuclear power. It describes how these different forms and sources of energy work, their environmental impacts, and how energy can be transformed from one form to another but not created or destroyed according to the law of conservation of energy. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving energy and developing renewable sources.
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Energy
- 1. ENERGY GROUP II “the abilityto work”
- 3. S T A T E S • Potential Energy –Storedenergy • Kinetic Energy –Moving energy
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- 6. ELECTRICAL ENERGY • The energyreleased due to the movement of charges MECHANICAL ENERGY
- 7. CHEMICAL ENERGY • Energy produce throughchemical reaction.
- 8. HEAT/THERMAL ENERGY • Itis the energy released/ taken in the form of heat. It increases the temperature of the object. • Heat energy moves in three ways: 1.Conduction 2. Convection 3. Radiation
- 10. LIGHT ENERGY • theenergy that is released in the form of electromagnetic radiation, • what we perceive (visible light) is just a small part of the total spectrum.
- 11. ENERGY SOURCES Hydro Power OceanPower Solar Power Wind Power Biomass Fossil Fuels Nuclear Power Geothermal Power
- 12. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Harness energyfrom the heat energy present underneath the Earth to produce electricity. The result of the decay of radioactive materials present beneath the Earth's crust.
- 14. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY • usesthe kinetic energy of moving water to make electricity • the gravitational descent of a river is compressed from a long run to a single location with a dam or a flume. This creates a location where concentrated pressure and flow can be used to turn turbines or water wheels, which drive a mechanical mill or an electric generator. This turbines spin generators to produce electricity HOW IT WORKS
- 16. Hydropower plants andenvironment Damming rivers may destroy or disrupt wildlife and other natural resources Hydropower plants can also cause low dissolved oxygen levels in the water, which is harmful to river habitats
- 17. OCEAN ENERGY 1. WAVE –Kinetic energy (movement) exists in the moving waves of the ocean. That energy can be used to power a turbine – used to power a warning buoy or a small light house
- 18. 2. TIDAL - Whentides comes into the shore, they can be trapped in reservoirs behind dams. Then when the tide drops, the water behind the dam can be let out just like in a regular hydroelectric power plant - used to turn water wheels to mill grains 3. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONSERVATION (OTEC) - Using the temperature of water to make energy
- 19. TIDAL ENERGY &THE ENVIRONMENT Environmental impact has been negligible, but this may not be the case for all other sites. Affect the seabed where they are positioned and this might have an effect on the aquatic life in the area Changes in water levels may cause flooding which would affect the vegetation around the coast, having an impact on the aquatic and shoreline ecosystems
- 20. • Energy fromthe sun SOLAR ENERGY Plants use the sun's light to make food. Animals eat plants for food
- 21. • We hanglaundry outside to dry in the sun • Decaying plants hundreds of millions of years ago produced the coal, oil and natural gas that we use today. So, fossil fuels is actually sunlight stored millions and millions of years ago. • Even nuclear energy comes from a star because the uranium atoms used in nuclear energy were created in the fury of a nova – a star exploding
- 22. • Solar powerplants reduce the environmental impacts of combustion used in fossil fuel power generation such as green house gas and other air pollution emissions SOLAR ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT
- 23. WIND ENERGY • Energyderive from wind power which propels the blades of wind turbines. These turbines cause the rotation of magnets, which creates electricity. • The kinetic energy of the wind can be changed into other forms of energy, either mechanical energy or electrical energy.
- 24. • Uses – Boatsto lift a sail, it is using wind energy to push it through the water. This is one form of work – to pump water from wells using windmills – To dry our clothes.
- 25. ADVANTAGES • Continuous sourcesof energy • Clean source of energy • No emissions into the atmosphere • Does not add to thermal burden of the earth • Produces no health-damaging air pollution or acid rain • Land can be sued to produce energy and grow crops simultaneously
- 26. WIND ENERGY ANDTHE ENVIRONMENT • The most serious environmental drawbacks to wind machines may be their negative effect on wild bird populations and the visual impact on the landscape
- 27. NUCLEAR ENERGY • Energycreated in a nuclear reaction • produced naturally and in man-made operations under human control. • produced in two different ways, in one, large nuclei are split to release energy. In the other method, small nuclei are combined to release energy.
- 28. ADVANTAGES • Clear powerwith no atmospheric emissions • Useful source of energy • Fuel can be recycled • Low cost power for today’s consumption • Viable form of energy in countries that do not have access to other forms of fuel
- 29. DISADVANTAGES • Potential ofhigh risk disaster (Chernobyl) • Waste produced with nowhere to put it • Waste produced from nuclear weapons not in use • Earthquakes can cause damage and leaks at plants • Contamination of the environment (long term) • Useful lifetime of a nuclear power plant
- 30. FOSSIL FUELS Major Forms 1.COAL 2. OIL 3. NATURAL GAS - Formed during the Carboniferous Period(360-286 million years ago) before the time of the dinosaurs – hence the name fossil fuels
- 31. 1.COAL - a hard,black colored rock-like substance. It is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and varying amounts of sulfur - three main types of coal – anthracite, bituminous and lignite +Anthracite - the hardest and has more carbon, which gives it a higher energy content +Bituminous - in between +Lignite - the softest and is low in carbon but high in hydrogen and oxygen content - Use to fuel power plants and other factories
- 32. Global Coal Reserve CoalConsumption
- 33. One ofthe most abundant energy sources Versatile; can be burned directly, transformed into liquid, gas ADVANTAGES Good for recreational use (charcoal for barbequing, drawing) Leading source of electricity today By-product of burning (ash) can be used for concrete and roadways
- 34. Source ofpollution: emits waste, SO2 , Nitrogen Oxide, ash Coal mining mars the landscape Liquification, gasification require large amounts of water Physical transport is difficult Dirty industry—leads to health problems Dirty coal creates more pollution and emissions DISADVANTAGES
- 35. 2.0IL -Comes from tiny diatoms.Diatoms are sea creatures the size of a pin head. They do one thing just like plants; they can convert sunlight directly into stored energy.
- 36. ADVANTAGES Oil isone of the most abundant energy resources Liquid form of oil makes it easy to transport and use Oil has high heating value Relatively inexpensive No new technology needed to use
- 37. Oil burningleads to carbon emissions Finite resources (some disagree) Oil recovery processes not efficient enough— technology needs to be developed to provide better yields Oil drilling endangers the environment and ecosystesm Oil transportation (by ship) can lead to spills, causing environmental and ecological damage (major oil spill near Spain in late Fall 2002) Issues Fossil fuels such as oil take billions of years to form. DISADVANTAGES
- 38. 3.NATURAL GAS • mostlymade up of a gas called methane. Methane is a simple chemical compound that is made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms • lighter than air • highly flammable • It is pumped from below ground and travels in pipelines to storage areas
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- 42. BIOMASS ENERGY • mattersusually thought of as garbage. • When garbage decomposes, the methane produced is captured in pipes and later burned to produce electricity. Vegetation and wood can be burned directly to generate energy, like fossil fuels, or processed to form alcohols.
- 43. CATEGORIES OF BIOMASSCONVERSION 1. Primary energy conversion technologies Combustion - direct combustion of biomass is the most common way of converting biomass to energy - both heat and electricity. Compared to the gasification and pyrolysis it is the simplest and most developed. Gasification - as direct composition, gasification is a high-temperature (1200-1400 Degree Celsius)thermochemical conversion process but the process is used for production of gas, instead of heat. Pyrolysis - thermal decomposition occurring in the absence of oxygen. We use pyrolysis to produce a liquid fuel, bio-oil or pyrolysis oil. 2. Secondary energy conversion technologies Steam engine are used in industrial environments but are still expensive. Steam turbines are used in large scale power generation and cogeneration plants.
- 44. How it isconverted
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- 49. LAW OF ENERGYCONSERVATION “In a closed system, the total amount of energy always remains constant, because it can neither be created nor be destroyed, it is only transformed into another form of energy”
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- 53. WHY DO WENEED TO CONSERVE ENERGY? 1. DEMANDS FOR ENERGY ARE INCREASING. 2. ONLY FEW FORMS OF ENERGY ARE USEFUL.
- 54. WHERE THE WORLD GETSITS ENERGY
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- 59. Hydrogen is acolorless, odorless gas that accounts for 75 percent of the entire universe's mass. Hydrogen is found on Earth only in combination with other elements such as oxygen, carbon and nitrogen. To use hydrogen, it must be separated from these other elements. HYDROGEN
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