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![Energy, Work & Power
Assessment Statements
• Define energy
• Identify the form(s) of energy possessed by an object or system
• Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy
• Compare the relative quantities of a form of energy possessed by a set of objects.
• Define work
• Identify how work affects the quantity of energy in an object
• Define power
• Apply power to the time and work needed to complete a task.
• State the SI or commonly-used units for work, energy and power
[including Joules (J), Watts (W), Calories, kcal, kiloWatt hours (kWh)]
• Define efficiency
• Apply efficiency to the energy or power needed to complete a task.
• State the principle of conservation of energy
• Apply work, power and conservation of energy to discuss energy transfers and
transformations in a closed system.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/energyworkpower-111114014256-phpapp01/75/Energy-Work-Power-3-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byStephen Taylor
Energy, Work & Power
The document discusses energy, work, and power, defining these concepts and how they relate. It explains that energy can be converted from one form to another but is never created or destroyed according to the law of conservation of energy. Assessment tasks are provided to evaluate understanding of energy transfer and transformation within closed systems.
In this document
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Introduction to the concepts of Energy, Work, and Power, and the unit question on energy's role in producing change.
Details assessment criteria related to defining energy, work, power, their units, and understanding efficiency.
Energy is defined as the ability to do work, measured in joules (J), including various forms like mechanical, thermal, and potential energy.
Methods to calculate work and power regarding ascending stairs, with examples including force and distance calculations.
Calculates gravitational potential energy based on weight and height, emphasizing the conservation of energy.
Law of conservation of energy, highlighting energy transfers and transformations that occur in systems.
Explanation of positive, negative, and zero work based on displacement and force scenarios in various examples.
Analysis of a crane operator's gravitational potential energy and associated work calculations.
Comparative analysis of power between a crane and a man based on work done and time taken.
Review questions assessing knowledge of definitions and units related to energy, work, and power.
Investigative activities on the energy types involved in elastic bands and bouncy balls, including calculations.
Definition of efficiency as the ratio of useful work output to total work input, discussing its implications.
Encourages discussion and thought on energy-related concepts using scenario-based cartoons.
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Energy, Work & Power
- 1. Energy, Work andPower Canadian Academy, Kobe draft presentation under revision [email protected]
- 2. Energy, Work &Power Unit Question: “How is energy used to produce change?” Areas of interaction: Human ingenuity We design machines to maximise efficiency Criterion Assessment Tasks
- 3. Energy, Work &Power Assessment Statements • Define energy • Identify the form(s) of energy possessed by an object or system • Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy • Compare the relative quantities of a form of energy possessed by a set of objects. • Define work • Identify how work affects the quantity of energy in an object • Define power • Apply power to the time and work needed to complete a task. • State the SI or commonly-used units for work, energy and power [including Joules (J), Watts (W), Calories, kcal, kiloWatt hours (kWh)] • Define efficiency • Apply efficiency to the energy or power needed to complete a task. • State the principle of conservation of energy • Apply work, power and conservation of energy to discuss energy transfers and transformations in a closed system.
- 4.
- 5. お元気ですか。 O-genki desu-ka? “energetic” Energy is the ability to do work. Oh yeah, Grade 10.
- 6. Energy is theability to do work. Unit: joules (J) Many types, including: • Mechanical, Elastic, Gravitational, Kinetic • Chemical, Thermal, Sound, Luminous • Nuclear, Radiant, Magnetic, Electrical • Potential (stored) e.g. gravitational potential e.g chemical potential e.g. elastic potential energy http://www.clker.com
- 7. Energy is theability to do work. Potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy e.g. gravitational potential As the cart rolls down the hill, gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
- 8. Energy is theability to do work. Unit: joules (J) Many types, including: • Mechanical, Elastic, Gravitational, Kinetic • Chemical, Thermal, Sound, Luminous • Nuclear, Radiant, Magnetic, Electrical • Potential (stored) e.g. gravitational potential The action of a force to cause displacement of an object. Work (J) = force (N) x distance (m) 1 Joule = 1N x 1m
- 9. Get up thestairs! Use chemical potential energy to generate mechanical energy to increase your gravitational potential energy! Devise a method to determine how much work is done by each of the members of your group in getting up the stairs. Consider vertical movement only for now and the force as their weight. Show your working. Extend your method to calculate the power of each person as they ascend the stairs. What variable can they change to be ‘more powerful’? What about going down the stairs? Is running upstairs more work that walking? http://timeandplace.martenhendriks.nl/2008/07/july-21-stairs-drawing-marten-hendriks.html
- 10. Who has donethe most work? 300kg 500N 500N no movement 100kg 6m 10s 5s http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 11. Who has donethe most work? Work = Force x Distance 300kg 500N 500N no movement 100kg 6m 10s 5s http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 12. Who has donethe most work? Work = Force x Distance Work = 500N x 0m Work = 500N x 6m = 0J = 3000J (3kJ) 300kg 500N 500N no movement 100kg 6m 10s 5s http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 13. Now who hasdone the most work? Work = F x d 3600N = _____J (__kJ) 300kg Work = 500N x 6m = 3000J (3kJ) 60s 10m 500N 100kg 6m 5s http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 14. Now who hasdone the most work? Work = 3600N x 10m 3600N = 36,000J (36kJ) 300kg Work = 500N x 6m = 3000J (3kJ) 60s 10m 500N 100kg 6m 5s http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 15. What is thegain in gravitational potential energy of the rock, relative to the ground? 3600N ug = weight x height potential energy due to gravity 300kg 60s 10m http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 16. What is thegain in gravitational potential energy of the rock, relative to the ground? ug = weight x height potential energy due to gravity 300kg = 3000N x 10m = 30,000J (30kJ) 10m http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 17. Energy storage ina ball Determine the type and magnitude of energy stored in the ball held at 1m height. How much work is being done when you lift the ball as high as you can? How much work is being done when you drop the ball to the ground? Why doesn’t the ball bounce back to the original starting position?
- 18. Where did therest of the energy go? Work = 36,000J (36kJ) ug = 30,000J (30kJ) 3600N 300kg 10m http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 19. Energy is neithercreated nor destroyed. It can be transferred from one object to another or transformed from one form to another. Law of conservation of energy. (The First Law of Thermodynamics)
- 20. Where did therest of the energy go? Work = 36,000J (36kJ) ug = 30,000J (30kJ) 3600N Energy is neither created nor destroyed. 300kg It can be transferred from one object to another or transformed from one form to another. Electrical energy 10m http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 21. Where did therest of the energy go? Work = 36,000J (36kJ) ug = 30,000J (30kJ) 3600N Energy is neither created nor destroyed. 300kg It can be transferred from one object to another or transformed from one form to another. Electrical energy Mechanical energy 10m sound energy thermal energy Kinetic energy sound energy thermal energy Gravitational sound energy thermal energy potential energy http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 22. What energy transfersand transformations are taking place? Energy In Energy Out electrical luminous, sound, radiant, thermal
- 23. So… can anobject do negative work? When force causes a displacement, work (energy) is positive. When force hinders a displacement, work (energy) is negative. When force results in no displacement, there is no work. Work is not a vector – but Force and displacement are. Pushing the rock Pushing the rock up the Holding the rock up the hill hill – but the rock keeps steady on the hill rolling down d Aargh!
- 24. How much workis done by the man? considers only the active force 600N FN 1000N 100kg 50m Ffr Fapplied 200N 600N Fg 200N 1000N
- 25. How much workis done by the man? considers only the active force 600N FN 1000N 100kg 50m Ffr Fapplied 200N 600N Fg 200N 1000N Work = 600N x 50m = 30,000J (30kJ)
- 26. How much workis done by friction? 600N FN 1000N 100kg 50m Ffr Fapplied 200N 600N Fg 200N 1000N
- 27. How much workis done by friction? 600N FN 1000N 100kg 50m Ffr Fapplied 200N 600N Fg 200N 1000N Work = -200N x 50m = - 10,000J (-10kJ)
- 28. How much workis done by gravity? 600N FN 1000N 100kg 50m Ffr Fapplied 200N 600N Fg 200N 1000N
- 29. How much workis done by gravity? 600N FN 1000N 100kg 50m Ffr Fapplied 200N 600N Fg 200N 1000N Work = 1000N x 0m = 0J (0kJ)
- 30. Fail. The crane operator was not using his seatbelt. His mass (before impact) is 80kg. Determine: 1. His ug relative to the ground (before). 2. His ug relative to the rock (before). 300kg 1. The work done by gravity (after). Assume weight = force of gravity. 16m 10m http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 31. Fail. The crane operator was not using his seatbelt. His mass (before impact) is 80kg. Determine: 1. His ug relative to the ground (before). ug = weight x height = 800N x 16m = 12,800J 2. His ug relative to the rock (before). 300kg 1. The work done by gravity (after). Assume weight = force of gravity. 16m 10m http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 32. Fail. The crane operator was not using his seatbelt. His mass (before impact) is 80kg. Determine: 1. His ug relative to the ground (before). ug = weight x height = 800N x 16m = 12,800J 2. His ug relative to the rock (before). 300kg ug = 800N x 6m = 4,800J 1. The work done by gravity (after). Assume weight = force of gravity. 16m 10m http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 33. Fail. The crane operator was not using his seatbelt. His mass (before impact) is 80kg. Determine: 1. His ug relative to the ground (before). ug = weight x height = 800N x 16m = 12,800J 2. His ug relative to the rock (before). 300kg ug = 800N x 6m = 4,800J 1. The work done by gravity (after). Assume weight = force of gravity. Work = F x d = 800N x 16m = 12,800J 16m 10m http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 34. Energy is theability to do work. Unit: joules (J) Many types, including: • Mechanical, Elastic, Gravitational, Kinetic • Chemical, Thermal, Sound, Luminous • Nuclear, Radiant, Magnetic, Electrical • Potential (stored) e.g. gravitational potential The action of a force to cause When force causes a displacement, work (energy) is positive. displacement of an object. When force hinders a displacement, work (energy) is negative. When force results in no displacement, there is no work. Work (J) = force (N) x distance (m) 1 Joule = 1N x 1m Power is the rate of doing work or using energy. work done (J) energy used (J) Power (W) = = 1 Watt = 1J in 1s time (s) time (s)
- 35. Who has themost power? a different guy work done (J) Power (W) = 1 Watt = 1J in 1s time (s) 3600N Crane = 300kg Man = 60s 10m 500N 100kg 6m 5s http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 36. Who has themost power? work done (J) Power (W) = 1 Watt = 1J in 1s time (s) 3600N Crane = 36,000J = 60s 300kg Man = 3000J = 5s 60s 10m 500N 100kg 6m 5s http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 37. Who has themost power? work done (J) Power (W) = 1 Watt = 1J in 1s time (s) 3600N Crane = 36,000J = 600W 60s 300kg Man = 3000J = 600W 5s 60s 10m 500N 100kg 6m 5s http://www.clker.com/clipart-man-push.html
- 38. Quick Quiz: 1.Define energy – what is its unit? 1. Define work – what is its unit? 1. Define power – what is its unit? 1. Name and describe as many forms of energy as you can.
- 39. What do youthink? Running 1km is harder, so is more work than walking. They are both the same amount of work. Walking takes longer, so is more work. Clipart people from: http://www.clker.com/
- 40. Elastic Bands &Bouncy Balls Investigate one factor which my affect the motion of an elastic band or bouncy ball. Resources here: http://goo.gl/XYYB9 “How does ________ affect ______?” Elastic band finger gun from http://www.the-rubber-band.com/hand_shooting.php Bouncy ball: http://goo.gl/B3rYW
- 41. Balloon rockets What forms of energy are evident when: • The balloon is inflated? • The balloon is let go? • The balloon has stopped (feel it)? thermal electrical elastic ____ potential kinetic mechanical nuclear magnetic radiant sound luminous Review: • Free body diagram for the balloon. • Free body diagram for the straw. • Reaction force pair for the movement. http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/volume-air-far-balloon-rocket-travels/
- 42. Balloon rockets What forms of energy are evident when: • The balloon is inflated? elastic potential • The balloon is let go? kinetic sound elastic • The balloon has stopped (feel it)? thermal Calculate the work done by the balloon. Assume a mean force of 0.5N Calculate the power of the balloon. http://www.education.com/science-fair/article/volume-air-far-balloon-rocket-travels/
- 43. Balloon rockets: BlogPost Assessed for Criteria C, B and F. Work in teams to run the rockets and make the videos, but complete you own work on the blog post. This is in place of a unit test. Instructions and task-specific clarifications: http://goo.gl/D9lLO Quick notes on annotating YouTube videos: http://goo.gl/azNRc
- 44. is the ratioof useful work out from the total Efficiency amount of work done, as a percentage.* Useful work out (J) Efficiency (%) = x 100 Total work done (J) How is efficiency affected by energy transfers and transformations in the system? How can efficiency of a machine or system be maximised? *http://www.a-levelphysicstutor.com/m-kinetics-power-efficiency.php
- 45. What do youthink? Ideas based on Concept Cartoons: http://www.conceptcartoons.com Clipart people from: http://www.clker.com/search/krug/1