Eng-112-Language and culture Reporting G

Eng-112-Language and culture Reporting G

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  LANGUAGE AND CULTURE  “ Alanguage is not just words. It’s a culture, a tradition, a unification of a community, a whole history that creates what a community is. It’s all embodied in a language.”
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  Learning Outcomes After undergoing thelearning experience, the students are expected to :  Trace the possibility of language origin in a cultural (Anthropological) perspective;  Recognize sign language as a language of cultural significance to people with special needs and  Identify the different theories of anthropological linguistics and relate them to society and language learning.
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  LESSON 1 Acquisition What wasthe first language? How did language begin where and when? These are repeated questions asked by scholars. Bernard Campbell states flatly in “Humankind Emerging” (Allyn & Bacon, 2005), “We simply do not know, and never will, how or when language began.” Here are the theories and hypotheses about the origin of language.
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  From bow- bow tola-la • The bow-bow theory -This is based on the ideas that humans imitate the sounds of the animals call. • The Pooh-pooh theory -This arose with the idea that people make instinctive sounds.
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  • The Yo-He-Hotheory -This is the based on the proof that human create rhythmical grunts which later develop into chants to address to address physical environmental needs. • The La-La theory - the romantic side of human life is the sole factor that is responsible of creating language.
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  • Genetic of mutationof Chomsky  postulates in his theory that language was created from a genetic mutation from one of our human ancestors. This human ancestor developed the ability to speak and understand language and he passed this on to his offspring -Noam Chomsky
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  • Vocal Grooming of Dubar - Robin Dunbar's theory is based on the notion that people needed to find a more efficient form of grooming as communities began to grow larger. Wanting to keep their peers with them, humans groom themselves and so did the vocals develop. Humans need to be together with other humans so they needed to use sounds like early conversations similar to gossip in our modern times.
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  "Putting the Babydown " Hypothesis - Dean Falk an anthropologist suggests that language developed from early humans the mothers in particular. As humans evolved and lost their fur, the mothers who used to carry their babies on their backs needed to leave them us the ground as they gather food and foraging. To make sure that the babies are ensured that they are not abandoned, the mother would call him/her and uses facial expressions. Aside from this, body language and tactile communication are also used like tickling. • Whitney the Origin of language - Whitney's theory on the source of human speech is anchored on the natural sound of human cries. As humans express their feelings and are being understood by others the use of language began. Next, according to Whitney, human beings come to use imitative onomatopoetic utterances as the reproduction of the sound of crying.
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  LESSON 2
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  SEMIOTICS OR SIGNLANGUAGE Semiotics which include those presented in the previous activities is a form of language since there is meaning in every sign and symbol. We see around us a lot of these symbols like brands and logos, emojis and traffic signs on the road. Semiotics was founded by a Swiss linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure and refers to this as "the life of signs within society". Practice of Semiotics and History A semiotician is a person who studies or practices semiotics, deals with symbols. These may be in a form of image, pattern, and motion and convey meaning. John Locke (1632-1704), an English philosopher, regarded semiotics as the key to the evolution of human consciousness. He further espoused that language began with signs, that are signs and dyadic, meaning a signature is tied to a specific meaning. Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) stressed that for one to understand signs, there must be intelligence capable enough to learn from experience. His concept of semiotics was triadic: sign, meaning, and interpreter. Semiotics Takeaways ➤ Semiotics can help us communicate things through visuals, unspoken and spoken. ➤ Some signs are accepted and understood globally like traffic signs, emojis, brand logos. ➤ Semiotics in written and spoken form includes puns, metaphors and intertextualities and even cultural commonalities.
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  •Sign Language -Signlanguage makes use of the hands, facial extension and other gestures usually used by deaf or the hearing-impaired individuals However, sign language may also be very helpful for individuals with intellectual and physical disabilities especially those with communication problems like autism and apraxia of speech. •Finger spelling -Spelling words in signs may be done using fingerspelling strategy. There is a manual for the English alphabets, which makes up important parts of sign language. Fingerspelling is used to emphasize specific words like pine, so p-i-n-e.
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  LESSON 3 Theories ofLanguage and Culture
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  The interconnectedness betweenCulture and Language 1.Language and Culture inseparable since language is closely related to culture 2.Language and culture are independent because speech is a means of exchanging information which can be used in aspects that are not connected to culture 3.Culture and language are partly interconnected
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  Kramsch (1998) Pointedthree ways by which language and culture are related: Ways of doing things and perceptions can be manifested through the use and arrangement of words. Considering this, people in society convey culture. People postulate meaning in their daily activities and experiences through language, and thus, language personifies cultural reality The context of communication where language is used embodies cultural reality and speaker distinguish themselves using their language as their language identity. Therefore , language is a tool for people to express themselves and put significance in their social and cultural experiences and reality with others.
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  Culture as Partof Language “Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desire and by means of voluntarily produce symbols” (Sapir,1921) Risgar (2006) claims that language is a part of culture and apart of epidermal behavior. Its predominantly held that task of language is to put thoughts into words, to communicate pieces of information and to express feelings . Language fulfils many other functions as maintaining a friendly societal relationship between people such as greeting people, expressing needs, etc. in this area of study, Kramsch (1962) phrased the main functions of language in three aspects: • Language is the primary vehicle of communication. • Language reflects both the personality of the individual and the culture of history. In turn, it helps in shaping both personality and culture. • Language makes possible the growth and transmission of culture, and continuity of societies and the effective functioning and control of social group.
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  Language, Thought andCulture Benjamin Lee Whorf shared his theory on the significant of language in organizing our thoughts. He espoused That our ways of looking at the world depend on the type of language that we use. His example is on the word ‘’snow’’. The word may mean differently to and English person and an eskimo person who may have 50 ways to describe the snow Culture and its elements -It is undeniable that we culture through interaction with people. Culture its not inborn but rather learned as it is social product. Words are the best tools of cultural symbols, such as epics myths, and stories. This helps connect people. Aside from words or language, rituals, beliefs and values are essential in formation of culture. Generally, the elements of culture include the overall patterns of behavior, literature and language, arts, prototypes and other products of human work and thought. Vygotsky’s Theory -Lev Vygotsky, a psychologist, believe that social interactions between and among people a key element in acquiring knowledge, just like how a child watches and learns from adults. The more experiences a child as to imitate the greater his intellectual skills and language development compared to those with less experience and more exposure.
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  Piaget’s Theory Jean Piagetcontains that when children are born they have an embedded basic structure for cognition as well as. As they mature, their built-in structure also adjust to let them learn more about complex language and other higher-order concepts. In his theory Piaget stressed that children create meaning from the verbal and non verbal cues received from their environment and these meaning change as children learn more because maturity. Piaget did not adhere to Vygotsky’s idea of emphasizing culture in learning. Chomsky’s Theory Noam Chomsky is known for his language acquisition device ( LAD ) which is a built-in box in the brain responsible for creating and learning the language. For him, practice is not important as a children never acquire language through it. Furthermore, language structure can change, develop and evolve given