ENG366 Week 2 Narratives_Updated.pptx

ENG366 WEEK 2
NARRATIVES IN SPEECHES
DR. RUSSELL RODRIGO

 What stories have you heard that made you laugh,
empathize, cry, or angry?
 What makes a good story teller?
 How do we integrate story telling in speeches or
conversations?
 Are you a good at story telling?

WATCH THE VIDEO AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
QUESTIONS.
1. Why is Storytelling so powerful?
2. And how do we use it to our
advantage?
3. What is the greatest emotional
investment?
4. What is functional story telling?
5. What are the angel cocktails
mentioned by the speaker? Explain
each of them.
6. What are the devil’s cocktails?
7. In whatever character you build,
what should you create?

WHAT IS A NARRATIVE TEXT?
 Narrative text is writing that tells a story. It can
be a made-up story (fiction) or one that is based
on real events.
 “To narrate” is the verb used to describe the act
of telling a story, so a narrative is the story and
the narrator is the person telling the story

TIME AND SPACE ORDER PATTERNS:
NARRATION, PROCESS AND DESCRIPTION
 Clear communication between a writer and a reader comes from clear organization. Clear
organization is based on logical connections between ideas. Transitions and patterns of
organization are used to organized and express these logical connections.
 Time order, also known as chronological order, presents ideas based on that time I which they
occurred. Time order enables us to tell about and understand an event, a series of actions, or
a process.
 Space order tells where something occurs. Space order creates a clear visual image of a
person, place, object, or scene.
 Time and space are closely linked in our thinking. Action occurs in both time and space.

Write down your stories.
Which of your stories made people LAUGH?
EMPATHIZE?
Pick the story you want correlating to the hormone
that you want and tell it to the person you are talking
to create the desired effect.
PRACTICE

ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE TEXTS
1. Theme
2. Setting
3. Characters
4. Point of view
5. Characterization
6. Dialogue
7. Plot
 exposition statement
 rising action - conflict
 climax
 falling action
 resolution

ELEMENTS
1.Theme
 The main idea of a story,
usually expressed as a
generalization. It’s the big
message, the big idea.
2.Setting
 The time and place in a
story.
3. Characters
 Protagonist-The “good guy” or
hero/heroin in the story who
struggles against the conflict,
usually the main character.
 Antagonist –The “bad guy” or
villain in the story that creates
conflict for the protagonist.

4. Characterization - The description of the personalities of the characters in the
story and the way in which an author reveals their personalities.
5. Point of View
 First Person –the story is told from the main character’s point of view and uses
the pronouns “I” and “we”.
 Second Person -usually for instructions; uses the pronouns “you” and “your”
(the author is speaking to the reader)
 Third Person –the story is told from an outside point of view and uses the
pronouns “he” and “she” and “they”.
6. Dialogue - Characters talking using quotation marks.
“May we ask where you’ve been, Miss Everdeen?” Effie asks.
“So where haven’t you been?” Says Haymitch in a bored voice.

PLOT
 The series of related
events that make up a
story.
1.Exposition
2.Rising Action
3.Climax
4.Falling Action
5.Resolution

PLOT
1. Exposition
 - The part of the plot that tells
how the story begins.
 You learn….
 Characters
 Setting
 Conflict (problem)
 Background information
The rest of the story is based on this
information
2. Rising Action
The events in the story that lead
up to the climax.
 Readers learn more about the
characters and the conflict.
 Each event that happens leads
the reader closer to the climax
of the story.

3. Conflict- A struggle between
an opposing force.
 Internal conflict- the character
struggles with his or her own
needs, desires, or emotions.
 External conflict- a character
struggles with an outside force
such as another character or
something in nature
Man vs self Man vs man
Man vs nature Man vs society
4. Climax
The point of crisis in the plot.
 When the outcome of the conflict
is decided one way or the other. –
the turning point
 The event of highest interest or
excitement in the story.
 Nothing is the same in the story
after this event because the main
character changes or learns
something that changes
everything.

5. Falling action - The events
that lead to the conclusion
after the climax.
 These events are a result of
the changes in, or the
decisions made by, the
main character during the
climax.
 Everything in the falling
action leads to the
conclusion of the story
6. Resolution
 The part of the plot that
reveals the final
outcome.
 The conflicts are solved
and all questions are
answered.

WHAT ELSE IS AN ELEMENT?
 Voice- the way a piece of writing sounds
 Mood- the overall emotion created by a work of poetry or
literature
 Tone- the attitude that a writer takes toward the audience,
a subject, or a character
 Sensory language/Imagery- writing that appeals to one or
more of the five senses

PRACTICE: WATCH THE VIDEO AND MAKE A DIAGRAM
SHOWING THE ELEMENTS OF NARRATION LISTED
BELOW.
Elements of Narration
1. Theme
2. Setting
3. Characters
4. Point of view
5. Characterization
6. Dialogue
7. Plot

ELEMENTS OF NARRATION
1. Theme
2. Setting
3. Characters
4. Point of view
5. Characterization
6. Dialogue
7. Plot

ELEMENTS OF NARRATION
1. Theme
 If you have great people in your life, no matter how broken you’ve become, they can piece you
back together.
2. Setting
 Arrested in high school (down times)
3. Characters – mom, dad, dad’s friend, wife
4. Point of view – First person. Simply narrating his own story.
5. Characterization – dramatic mom, cool dad, very cool and positive uncle, wife with unconditional
love.
6. Dialogue – E.g. “I see something in you, but I don’t know what that is.”
7. Plot – From high school arrest, to meeting his cool dad’s friend, realizing he likes public
speaking, became a teacher, got married, and became a public speaker.

THE REASONS STORIES FASCINATE AUDIENCES
1.Immerse your audience in a story.
2.Tell a personal story.
3.Create Suspense
4.Bring characters to life
5.Show. Don’t tell.
6.Build up to S.T.A.R. moment.
7.End with a positive takeaway.
“A successful talk is a little miracle—people see the world differently
afterward.”
-TED curator Chris Anderson

HOW AND WHEN TO USE NARRATIVE
 Whatever the purpose of your speech, you're going to need a way to support your
statements to prove their accuracy, but a good speech also makes its points interesting and
memorable.
 The most common forms of support are facts, statistics, testimony, narrative, examples, and
comparisons. In this unit, we are going to address narrative .
The Narrative
 Narrative takes the form of a story.
 Presenters use narratives to support a point that was already made or to introduce a point
that will soon be made.
 Narratives can be combined with facts or statistics to make them even more compelling.

1: EVOKE IN THE MINDS OF YOUR
AUDIENCE
 Aim to create an image or stimulate the senses in some keyway.
 Really effective storytelling allows the audience to put
themselves into a situation that you’re describing.
 If they can’t see it or touch it or taste it, then your story won’t be
as effective because they won’t be as interactive with the
information you’re providing them with.
 Think of it as showing the audience versus telling.
 You could say “He wasn’t a very nice man.”
 Or… you could show them by saying “He stormed out, slammed
the door, and kicked the cat.”
 “Show” the audience and they'll fill in the rest of the details from
their own life experience.

2. SPEAK FROM WITHIN THE
EXPERIENCE.
 Let’s say you’re talking about a dramatic experience you had
travelling in India.
 You wouldn’t LEARN those lines. You wouldn’t need to.
 You would hop into your jeep, heart
pounding, fumbling with your keys, palms
sweating as a tiger tries to attack you and
your trusty jeep just simply doesn’t want to
start.
 As you tell your story you bring your audience with you on
your trip… experiencing the three dimensions together as if
they were just happening.

3: START WITH THE END IN MIND.
 Great storytelling has a purpose.
 It’s not just telling stories for the stories sake, it has an end point
that means something for the audience.
 Don’t just tell a story because you think it’s fascinating for
yourself, always ask yourself “What is it that I want my audience
to get out of this story by the end of it?”
 Work your way to the end point of your story from its very
beginning.

9 STORYTELLING APPROACHES
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

1. MONOMYTH – THE HERO’S JOURNEY
In this structure a hero goes on a challenging and adventurous
journey– moves from certainty to uncertainty– and returns home with
newly found wisdom.
Why does it work?
 It engages the audience by accessing their imagination and
making them a part of the journey
 Demonstrates the benefits of risk-taking behaviour
 Evokes a sense of empathy in them
 Deciphers the importance of learning new lessons and gaining
wisdom
 Finally, your audience sees the value of your product or service

2. RAGS TO RICHES
 Rags to Riches is a story structure that is
built on the basis of how a person from an
oppressive and poor background–
struggles– attains wealth and status.
Why is it beneficial?
 It provides a sense of hope
 It is relatable, as all of us have faced
difficulties

3. THE MOUNTAIN
 It follows the shape of a mountain, meaning it works linearly
and allows you to build tension as you head towards the
climax at the peak of your talk – i.e. the top of the mountain –
before then relieving the tension and coming to an end.
 It is somewhat similar to the Monomyth technique; however,
the only difference is that the ending has a bit more freedom.
 For instance, after the climatic challenge, it is not necessary to
have a happy ending.
Why is it impactful?
 Emphasizes on how you overcame challenges
 Builds suspense that keeps the audience curious
 Provides satisfying conclusions to make your audience take a
desirable action


4. NESTED LOOPS
 Nested Loops is a classic way to make stories more
hypnotic.
 Psychologists believe that people remember interrupted
tasks better than the complete ones.
 In this framework, you don’t finish any of these
narratives, by breaking the end and starting the next
story. Once you’ve given the gist of all the narratives,
you start to close your loops in the reverse order- i.e. the
last story is finished first.
Why does it work?
 Portrays how you obtained your wisdom/knowledge
through various interactions
 Explains how you arrived at a conclusion or inspired to
achieve something


5. SPARKLINES
 Sparklines technique shuttles between hope and reality,
where you and your brand promises to bridge the gap
between the ideal and contemporary situations.
 Basically, you provide a ray of hope towards all the
problems that we have in our society, personal lives and
businesses. The presenter makes an emotional appeal,
fueling a desire for change in the audience.
 Example- Martin Luther King’s speech, “I have a dream” is
very famous as he visualizes a society without racism and
intolerance.
How does it help?
 Emotional appeal is a secret weapon to getting into the
hearts and minds of your audience and it works the best
 Evokes a sense of hope for a better tomorrow
 Prompts an action

6. IN MEDIAS RES (INTO THE MIDDLE OF THINGS)
 As the name suggests, you begin your narrative in the heat of the
action rather than starting from the beginning.
 The Odyssey is the best example of this structure, as it starts with
most of Odysseus’ journey already finished. The story up to that
point is then told through flashbacks as we learn about the
fantastic characters he met along the way.
Why is it impactful?
 It is attention grabbing because you start your story with the
most fundamental part
 Suspense adds onto keeping the audience hooked
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

7. FALSE START
 You start with a false/predictable story and then
unexpectedly reveal something before starting the
story with an altered perspective.
 You try to lure your audience by an untrue story and
then ball them over by turning the tables. This
technique is used best to describe a failure– how you
dealt with it, your learning experience, etc.
Benefits
 It relates to the audience when you talk about failure
 Displays problem solving

8. PETAL STRUCTURE
 Just like a flower that has a lot of petals, this
framework consists of a lot of speakers around
one concept/message.
 It is useful to connect unconnected stories that
relate back to the same message. The petals
(people) can overlap, but each of them need to
complete their respective narratives.
Why does it work?
 Provides a lot of narratives and emotional appeal
around the same message
 The audience comprehends the importance of
your message via a series of stories

9. CONVERGING IDEAS
 You use this technique when you want to tell your
audience a story of how several branches of
thoughts came together in a single idea. It is a
wonderful tool to show your audience how great
minds came together and solved a problem.
 It is somewhat similar to the Nested Loops
structure; however, instead of framing one story
with complementary stories, it can show how
several equal stories come to a single strong
conclusion.
Why does it work?
 Demonstrates how development occurred
 Showing how symbiotic relationships have formed
 Explains how to deal with problems

KEYS TO GREAT STORYTELLING (TEDTALKS)
1. Be vulnerable to make yourself relatable. (The Power of Vulnerability, Brene Brown)
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=The+Power+of++Vulnerability%2C+Brene+Brow
n
2. Give well known examples to illustrate your point. (How Great Leaders Inspire Action, Simon
Sinek) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp0HIF3SfI4
3. Answer your audience’s questions with anecdotes. (The Game that Can Give You 10 More
Years of Life, Jane McGonigal) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfBpsV1Hwqs&t=1s
4. Reinforce your narrative with a visual story. (This is what happens when you reply to spam
email, James Veitch )
5. Hold something back to draw your audience in. (The Clues to a Great Story, Andrew Stanton}
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxDwieKpawg

KEYS TO GREAT STORYTELLING (TEDTALKS) CON’T
6. Focus your theme with props. (The Mystery Box, JJ Abrams) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKs-
sTZLPKs
7. Make your brand story personal. (Theranos CEO at TEDMED 2014, Elizabeth Holmes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho8geEtCYjw&t=1s
8. Master writing to master speaking. (Inside the Mind of a Master Procrastinator, Tim Urban)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arj7oStGLkU
9. Break the ice with an amusing personal story. (The Happy Secret to Better Work, Shawn Achor)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fLJsdqxnZb0]
10. Compare what is to what could be. (The Power of Introverts, Susan Cain)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0KYU2j0TM4
11. Uncover the interesting through research. (Your Elusive Creative Genius, Elizabeth Gilbert)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86x-u-tz0MA

WEEK 2 ASSIGNMENT
Record a TWO-minute Inspirational story telling embedding any of the topics below. Select ANY of the 9 story
approaches. Use narratives or story telling in developing your speech. Use TIME/SPACE order signal words and
the Elements of Narration. Your response to this task weighs 80% and your comments to other posts weigh 20%.
BE CREATIVE!
1. Relationship
2. Sexuality
3. Travel
4. Personal Growth
5. Online Learning
6. Language Learning
7. University Life
8. COVID-19
9. Others
Due: Sunday, 11:59 p.m. Comment to THREE other posts.

ENG366 Week 2 Narratives_Updated.pptx

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