English language - the-passive-voice_158874.pptx

English language - the-passive-voice_158874.pptx

• 1.
  PASSIVE VOICE (1) Form:verb to be + past participle of the active verb (regular / irregular) When we change an active sentence into a passive, we have to observe this rule: the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. This way the information we think is more important comes at the beginning of the sentence: Active: Pupils do the final exams in the Assembly Hall. (Here the subject of the sentence, pupils, is important) Passive: The final exams are done in the Assembly Hall. (In this case, it’s the object, the final exams, that is important)
• 2.
  (2) The tense ofthe main verb(1) in the active sentence informs us of the tense we must use in the passive with the verb ‘to be’(2) before the past participle. You must also pay a lot of attention to the concordance between the verb tense and the subject, either in the active or in the passive sentence. (1) (present simple or past simple) (2) (am, is, are or was, were) Present Simple: am played is played are played am written is written are written Past Simple: was played were played was written were written
• 3.
  (3) Present simple: Active: Astronomersfind new planets in our solar system every day. Passive: New planets are found in our solar system every day. Active: Channel 9 transmits the football match. Passive: The football match is transmitted by Channel 9. Active: The pupils don’t study German in this school. Passive: German isn’t studied in this school. Active: The teacher doesn’t correct the exams without names. Passive: The exams without names aren’t corrected. Active: Do they speak Italian in Switzerland? Yes, they do. Passive: Is Italian spoken in Switzerland? Yes, it is. Active: Does the teacher explain the Grammar rules in class? Yes, ... Passive: Are the Grammar rules explained in class? Yes, ...
• 4.
  (4) Past simple: Active: Someof the pupils wrote the play for the school party. Passive: The play for the school party was written by some of the pupils. Active: The teacher revised all the exams. Passive: All the exams were revised. (by the teacher) Active: They didn’t buy the computer in the new shop. Passive: The computer wasn’t bought in the new shop. Active: The new doctor didn’t operate the injured people. Passive: The injured people weren’t operated by the new doctor. Active: Did you send the invitations last Sunday? Yes, we did. Passive: Were the invitations sent last Sunday? Yes, they were. Active: Did they bring the candidate on time for the interview? Yes, ... Passive: Was the candidate brought on time for the interview? Yes, ...
• 5.
  (5) PASSIVE VOICE. THEAGENT: It is the person or thing that performs the action. The agent with by: Active: R. L. Stevenson wrote Treasure Island. Passive: Treasure Island was written by R. L. Stevenson. (In this sentence the agent is R.L.Stevenson) Active: All the pupils decorated the classroom. Passive: The classroom was decorated by all the pupils. The agent with with:Active: We used a magnetic card to open the room door. Passive: A magnetic card was used to open the room door. But… Passive: The room door was opened with a magnetic card. (In this sentence the instrument of the action is a magnetic card) The agent is unknown: Active: .................... stole all my jewels last night! Passive: All my jewels were stolen last night! (We don’t know who did it, so the AGENT is omitted)
• 6.
  (6) PASSIVE VOICE. THEAGENT: The agent isn’t important: The castle of the Alhambra was built in the 8th century. Romeo and Juliet was written / published in 1595. (In these examples, only the date is important. So, the AGENT is omitted) The agent is understood: A great amount of money was stolen in the bank yesterday. An ancient tomb was discovered in Egypt last week. (You can see it is not necessary to express the AGENT because you know that banks are usually robbed by thieves, and that Egyptian tombs are usually discovered by archaeologists) but… The money was stolen by robbers wearing masks. or... The tomb was discovered by British archaeologists. (In these examples, it is important to know who did the action) Impersonal agent: The rock concert was cancelled. All the roads were closed yesterday in the north of the country. (We don’t know or we don’t mention who did the action. So, again the AGENT is omitted) In conclusion: most of times the AGENT is not used.
• 7.
  Match the beginningsand endings. (7) If you don’t know the answer, look on the internet. 1. Tea was invented a) by Henry Cavendish. 2. The euro is used b) on Mars. 3. Hydrogen was discovered c) in the nineteenth century. 4. The woman’s football world cup is held d) by over 300 million people. 5. The Fiat car company was created e) in a theatre. 6. Dracula was written f) every four years. 7. Most coffee beans are grown g) in New York. 8. President Lincoln was killed h) in China. 9. The original hamburgers were cooked i) by Giovanni Agnelli. 10. In 2002 water was found j) in Africa. Write the letter: 1……… 2……… 3……… 4……… 5……… 6……… 7……… 8……… 9……… 10………
• 8.
  Choose the correctform of verbs passive form. (8) Choose the right option in these sentences: Last year more than a million cars were stolen / was stolen. Helen was asked / were asked to write a poem. America is visited / was visited by the Vikings. The missing boy is not found / was not found by the police. Many interesting facts are discovered / is discovered every year. The match are played / was played in the new stadium. The last meeting were held / was held on 14 December. Two men was arrested / were arrested in the street.
• 9.
  Complete the sentenceswith the passive form (present or past) of (9) the verbs in brackets. • 1. The Olympics ……………………………………. by billions of people today. (watch) • 2 . Nowadays the work ………………………………. by a computer. (do) • 3. Now, prizes ……………………………………. very week. (give) • 4. The course ……………………………………. two years ago. (start) • 5. In Europe, most food ……………………………………. in supermarkets. (buy) • 6. ……………………….. Latin still ……………………………………. in schools today? (learn) • 7. Gold ……………………………………. in California in the 19th century. (discover) • 8. Cars ……………………………………. all over the world nowadays. (produce) • 9. ……………………. you ……………………………………. any information about it? (send) • 10. Radio ……………………………………. by Marconi. (invent)
• 10.
  Complete the followingsentences with the passive verbs: (10) 1) The police arrested fifteen people. Fifteen people ................................................ by the police. 2) They found little Jimmy safe and well. Little Jimmy ............................................... safe and well. 3) We plant hundreds of trees every year. Hundreds of trees ........................................... every year. 4) They sell most tickets on the day of the match. Most tickets ......................... the day of the match. 5) They took the injured people to the hospital. The injured people .................................... to hospital. 6) The scientists discover new drugs every day. New drugs .............................................. every day. 7) They grow coffee in Brazil. Coffee .................................................. in Brazil. 8) A famous journalist wrote the book. The book ........................................ by a famous journalist.
• 11.
  Complete the sentencesusing the passive voice. Use by or with: (11) • A friend gave Tina a special gift yesterday. (*) Tina ................................................................................ • Leo DiCaprio plays the part of Romeo. The part of Romeo ........................................................... • They used a screwdriver to open the window. (*) The window ............................................................... • Our dog bit a lot of people. A lot of people ......................................................................................... • A ball broke one of the windows of the house. One of the windows of the house .............................. • The police used a special key to open the door. The door ................................................................... (*) • An American millionaire bought the palace. The palace ..................................................................... • Matt Groening created the first Simpsons cartoon in 1989. The first Simpson cartoon ..................... • About 500 million people watch TV every day. TV ........................................................................... • They used a camera to film the wedding. (*) The wedding ......................................................................
• 12.
  Complete sentence Bso that it means the same as sentence A. (12) Use no more than 3 words. • 1 a. John took Cindy to the cinema. • 1 b. Cindy ……………………… to the cinema. • 2 a. The cat ate the cheese. • 2 b. The cheese …………………………… the cat. • 3 a. The shop was opened by the Queen. • 3 b. ………………………………………………………… the shop. • 4 a. Somebody called the police immediately. • 4 b. The police ……………………………………………………… . • 5 a. Was this written by him? • 5 b. ……………………………………………………………. it? • 6 a This computer does not accept my password. • 6 b My password ……………………………………………… this computer.
• 13.
  PRACTICE: Turn intothe PASSIVE: Present and Past Simple affirmative. (13) 1 Some scientists compare our brain to a computer. 2 Two French brothers invented the cinema. 3 The workers built the new hotel in just a few months. 4 They sell expensive cars at low prices in this shop. 5 A thief stole some jewels in the corner shop. 6 One Direction sings the pretty song You’re crazy, girl! 7 The young writer Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein.
• 14.
  PRACTICE: Turn intothe PASSIVE : Present and Past Simple negative. (14) 8 They don’t speak English in this restaurant. 9 The teacher doesn’t write the sentences on the board. 10 Spielberg didn’t direct the film Troy. 11 Does the new waiter serve the food? 12 Do you play games in Physical Education? 13 Does Jane pay the flat rental weekly?
• 15.
  PRACTICE: Turn intothe PASSIVE: Present and Past Simple interrogative. (15) 14 Did the same player score the six goals? 15 Did the two policemen help Paul? 16 Did they finally sell their country house? 17 When does the school term finish? 18 Why did they throw the books to the litter? 19 Why do they close the shops on Sundays? 20 Where did the team play their last match?
• 16.
  In English youcan frequently make a double passive. (16) Look at the examples: When an active sentence has two objects (direct and indirect), we can make two passive sentences: indirect direct complement His friends gave Andrew a lot of birthday presents. 1 A lot of birthday presents were given to Andrew. 2 Andrew was given a lot of birthday presents. indirect direct complement The teacher gave the students the exam results yesterday. 1 The students were given the exam results yesterday. 2 The exam results were given to the students yesterday.
• 17.
  Now practise thedouble passive. (17) The teacher gives the pupils the exam results after the test. The pupils are given the exam results after the test. The exam results are given to the pupils after the test. Microsoft sent the customers an e-mail last week. They gave the little girl a small cat. Somebody recommended me another dentist. They offered Jenny a bigger salary last month. Carol teaches Geography to small children. His parents promised Adam a new computer. Someone wrote Susan a lovely poem. Does the new waiter serve the food to the customers? Somebody sent an anonymous letter to Susan.
• 18.
  Complete with thepassive of these verbs in the right tense. (18) had been given had been told had never been taught was shown was sent was given X2 was offered wasn’t going to be paid was promised I’ll never forget my first day at that office. I ……………………………. to arrive at 8.30, but when I got there the whole place seemed to be empty. I didn’t know what to do, because I …………………… no information about the building or where I was going to work, so I just waited around until some of the secretaries began to turn up. Finally I ……………………… a dirty little office on the fifth floor, where I …………………………… a desk in a corner. Nothing happened for an hour; then I ………………………….. Some letters to type on a computer by one of the senior secretaries. This wasn’t very successful, because I ……………………………. how to use a computer. (In the letter I …………………………. when I ……………………………. the job, I …………………………… computer training, but they had obviously forgotten about this.) By lunchtime things hadn’t got any better, and I decided that I …………………… enough to put up with this nonsense, so I walked out and didn’t go back.