English Language Teaching Methodology (Review Literature: The Use of a Short Movie to Teach Writing a Descriptive Text)

English Language Teaching Methodology (Review Literature: The Use of a Short Movie to Teach Writing a Descriptive Text)

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  ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHINGMETHODOLOGY (The Use of A Short Movie to Teach Writing a Descriptive Text) Emeral (17716251014) PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA 2017
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  Introduction A. The Importanceof Writing  Writing is one of the four macro skills which has always formed part of the syllabus in the teaching of English, (Harmer, 2004).  According to the syllabus of Curriculum 2013 for senior high school, students’ writing skill is assessed in the end of the meeting.  In addition, writing skill is not only beneficial for students’ academic, but also for their professional future career, (Hinkel, 2004).
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  B. Main Focus& Scope of Paper:  However, due to the importance of writing, the teachers should play a part to increase students’ writing ability by using appropriate teaching media.  This paper is focusing on how the use of a short movie as a medium contributes to teach writing a descriptive text.
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  C. Descriptive textin the syllabus of Curriculum 2013 :  Regarding to the syllabus of Curriculum 2013 for tenth grade students of senior high school, in learning a descriptive text, there are several indicators that students must achieve. D. Problem in Writing a Descriptive Text:  Based on microteaching experience: There are, however, some problems occur in writing a descriptive text, especially on the tenth grade of senior high school in Palangka Raya: poor grammar mastery, incomplete generic structure, and especially difficult in generating idea.
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  E. How didproblems occur?  The cause of problems in writing descriptive text of the tenth grade students of a senior high school in Palangka Raya was the English teacher did not use interesting media in teaching writing a descriptive text.  As result, students tend to be less participative, had a conversation and made some noise, and looked discomfortable in observation because of the gaps between them
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  F. How toovercome problem?  The use of a short movie as a suitable medium for teaching writing a descriptive text.  Advantages of A Short Movie: A short movie which consists of story and music at the same time will motivate students in learning and writing a descriptive text by catching their attention and providing friendly atmosphere.
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  Review Literature A. Writing a.Definitons of Writing  Harmer (2004) writing is a means of reinforcing language knowledge that has been taught.  Rijlaarsdam, et al. (2005) state that writing is a complex activity as it involves deciding information, organizing the information and expressing it linguistically.  In accordance with Harmer and Rijlaarsdam, et. al., Haven (2015) mentions that writing is a means to an effective communication as writer convince, persuade, inspire, entertain, and teach through his writing.
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  b. Writing Process: Writing process is divided into some stages, they are prewriting, drafting, revising and publishing, (Graves in Johnson Andrew P., 2008).  Prewriting: to generate idea through brainstorming , mind-mapping, or free writing.  Drafting: the first attempt to capture ideas on paper.  Revising and editing: content and mechanical aspects such as spelling, grammar, vocabulary and punctuation are corrected.  Publisihing: writing is shared with audience.
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  B. Descriptive Text a.Definition of Descriptive Text  Stanley in Syahputra, et al., (2013) state that a descriptive text presents the appearance of object, people, buildings or cities.  Besides, Wardiman et. al., (2008) define a descriptive as a text which function is used to describe the features of someone, something, or a certain place.
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  b. Generic Structureof Descriptive Text  Identification is a part of paragraph that is used to introduce the object described, whereas the description is a part of paragraph that describes characteristics of the object (Wardiman ,et al., 2008). c. Language Features of Descriptive Text  The language features of a descriptive text consists of: (1) Focus on specific participants. (2) The use of adjectives and compound adjective. (3) The use of linking verbs (4) The use of attributive (5) The use of simple present tense, (Syahputra, et al., 2013).
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  C. Media inEducation a. Definition of Media in Education  According to Chan W. M. (2011) media have always been strongly related to the processes of teaching and learning as the teachers have always used various tools to represent the knowledge or to demonstrate the skills they would like their students to acquire.  Also, medium refers to a means of transmitting and receiving information including all aids which can be used by teachers and learners in the classroom, (Hyun Lee, 1997).  As stated by Parker David (1999), media can be used to facilitate development in students’ abilities to speak, listen, read and write.  Similarly, Cheung (2009) believes that media can empower students to be more participative, and motivated to learn.
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  b. Types ofMedia in Education  Regarding to Ohm in Chan W. M. (2011) media can be classified into auditive media (e.g. piece of music, radio programme etc.), visual media (e.g. picture, silent film etc.), audiovisual media (e.g. sound film, TV programme etc.).  Smaldino, et al. (2008), mention that media can be categorized into six types, they are text, audio, visuals, video, manipulatives and people.  Media means not only electronic communication instruments but also simpler devices such as charts, photographs, slides, etc. (Romiszowski in Hyun Lee, 2007).
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  D. Short Movie a.Advantages of Short Movie  Rao (2014) states the use of movie can be entertaining and motivating tool for learners because movie provides real-life language input.  Lan Hsieh, et. al. (2010) say that movies provide exposures to the real language used in authentic settings and the culture in which the foreign language is spoken.  Moreover, Kusnierek (2016) believes that music (a part of movie) in a classroom is a good idea to make students enjoy learning.
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  b. Teaching Usinga Short Movie  Since a short movie is categorized in audiovisual medium, teacher should be concerned on how to teach it in teaching that a medium can run its function. A teacher may refer to audiovisual method. In audiovisual method, there are several main steps to follow.  Stern in Madya (2013) suggests, “Pertama, pelajaran dimulai dengan filmstrip dan presentasi pita. Kedua, guru menjelaskan makna ungkapan dengan menunjuk, mendemonstarsikan, penyajian bahasa lisan selektif (mendengarkan), dan tanya-jawab. Ketiga, filmstrip dan dialog diputar ulang beberapa kali agar siswa dapat mengulangi dan menghafalkannya. Keempat, siswa secara bertahap dipajankan pada bahan penyajian pita-dan- filmstrip yang makin luas” (p.33).
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  Discussion  The teachershould consider learning objective and the duration as well. Referring to the syllabus of Curriculum 2013 for tenth grade students of senior high school, in which the objective of the study is writing a descriptive text about a person, teacher should select and prepare a short movie which represents a strong character of the object. The object’s appearance and personality must be easily understood by students.  This medium is free downloadable from internet.  Indeed, the duration of movie is important. The teacher should calculate the duration of movie referring to the time allocation in syllabus that the students will have enough time to compose the text.
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   After theshort movie is selected, teacher starts delivering the material of descriptive text in classroom. -  In prewriting, students list the words or idea refer to the character they are instructed to describe. The next step is drafting, in where the students make outline of the information they get and develop the outlines into paragraph of descriptive text. It is then important to do a proofreading on students’ work for revision. Finally, after revising, students will have their work submitted and published.  Hopefully, by the use of short movie to teach a descriptive text will make students feel unimpeded and attracted to observe and generate idea of the object they are going to describe.
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  Conclusion  Based onthe importance of writing, especially writing a descriptive text for the tenth grade students of senior high school, teacher should increase their awareness to select suitable media which can fulfill students’ need. By the use of a short movie, it is expected to motivate students by catching their attention and facilitating students’ observation in learning writing a descriptive text.
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  Suggestion  There aremany media available, however teachers should use medium which give more advantages in teaching and learning process.  The media used should bring friendly atmosphere to the classroom that students will enjoy the learning process and are encouraged to increase their achievement.  Similarly, media cannot run its function without control from the teacher. It means, in using the media, the teacher should have a proper instruction or procedure to keep class activities in control.
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  References Chan, W. M.,Nyet K. C., Nagami M., & Suthiwan T. (2011). Media in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning. (Studies in Second and Foreign Education 5). Boston: Walter de Gruyter, Inc. Harmer, J. (2004). How to teach writing. England: Pearson Product Limited. Haven, K. (2015). Writing Workouts to Develop Common Core Writing Skills. USA: Libraries Unlimited. Hinkel, E. (2004). Teaching Academic ESL Writing (Practical Techniques in Vocabulary and Grammar). Mahwah New Jersey: Lawrance Erlbaum Associates. Kim Cheung, C. (2009). Media Education in Asia. New York: Springer. Johnson, A. P. (2008). Teaching Reading and Writing (A Guidebook for Tutoring and Remediating Students). USA: Rowman & Littlefield Education. Lee, C. H. (1997). The Use of Media Technology in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning at University Level: A Study of Teacher’s Attitude in Korea. Thesis. Doctorate Program University of Newcastle. England. Parker, D. (1999). You’ve Read the Book, Now Make the Film: Moving Image Media, Print Literacy and Narrative. English in Education. 33(1): 24-35.
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  Rao, B. M.(2014). Use of Media as an Instructional Tool in English Language Teaching (ELT) at Undergraduate Level. International Journal of English and Literature. 5 (6): 141-143. Rijlaarsdam, G. (2005). Effective Learning and Teaching of Writing. (A Handbook of Writing in Education). 2nd Ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Syahputra, A. & Ardi H. (2013). The Implementation of Cmaptools Program In Teaching Descriptive Text to Junior High School. Journal of English Language Teaching. 1(2): 60-69. Silabus SMA Kurikulum 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2017, from http://www.jagoanbahasainggris.com/2017/07/silabus-bahasa- inggris- kurikulum-2013-sma-kelas-x-xi-dan-xii.html Smaldino, Sharon E., Lowther, Deborah L., & Russel, James D. (2008). Instructional Technology and Media for Learning. 9th Ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Wardiman, A., Jahur, M.B., & Djusma, M.S. (2008). English in Focus for Grade VII Junior High School (SMP/MTs). Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
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  Thank You 