Environmental engineering thermal pollution ppt1- new.pptx

Environmental engineering thermal pollution ppt1- new.pptx

• 1.
  Presented by S .M. Agilan
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  CONTENT ⯈ Introduction ⯈ Explanation ⯈Sources 1.Nuclear power plant 2.Coal fired power plant 3.Hydro electric power plant 4.Thermal shock 5.Industrial effluent 6.Domestic sewage 7.Deforestation 8.Soil erosion ⯈ Effects ⯈ Biotic effects ⯈Thermal pollution in streams by human activities ⯈ Control measures ⯈ Conclusion
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  •Thermal pollution isthe degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. •It is the harmful increase in water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes, or occasionally, coastal ocean waters. •A temperature increase as small as 1 or 2 Celsius degrees (about 2 to 4 Fahrenheit degrees) can kill native fish, shellfish, and plants and species, often with undesirable effects.
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  The major sourcesof thermal pollution are discharge of heated water or hot waste material into water bodies from ⯈ Nuclear power plant ⯈ Coal fired power plants ⯈ Hydro electric power plant ⯈ Thermal shock ⯈ Industrial effluents ⯈ Domestic sewage ⯈ Deforestation ⯈ Soil erosion
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   Nuclear powerplants use water as a cooling agent. After the water is used, it is put back into a water supply at 9-20oC warmer . Emission from nuclear reactors increase the temperature of water bodies.
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   Coal isutilized as a fuel. Condenser coils are cooled with water from nearby lake or river. effluents water. marine The heated decrease the DO of  Damages the organisms.
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  Generation electric power of hydro sometimes resultsin negative thermal loading in water systems. Creates less heat on water sources less than nuclear power plant.
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   When apower plant first opens or shuts down for repair or other causes, fish and other organisms adapted to particular temperature range can be killed by the abrupt change in water temperature known as "thermal shock."
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  Discharged water from steam-electricpower industry using turbo generators will have a higher temperature ranging from 6 to 9˚C than the receiving water. In modern stations, producing 100 MW, nearly one million gallons are discharged in an hour with increase in temperature of the cooling water passing by 8 to 10 ˚C .
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  Sewage is commonly dischargedinto lakes, canals or streams. Municipal sewage normally has a higher temperature than the receiving water. Increase in temperature of the receiving water decreases the dissolved oxygen of water. The foul smelling gases increased in water resulting in death of marine organisms.
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   Streams andsmall lakes are naturally kept cool by trees and other tall plants that block sunlight. People often remove this shading harvest the wood in vegetation in order to the trees, to make room for crops, or to construct buildings, roads, and other structures.
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  Removal of vegetationfar away from a stream or lake can contribute to thermal pollution by speeding up the erosion of soil into the water, making it muddy, which increases the light absorbed .
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   Reduction indissolved oxygen: Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) decreases with increase in temperature.  Interference in reproduction: In fishes, several migration and reproduction depend on activities like nest building, spawning, hatching, optimum temperature. directly  Direct mortality: Thermal pollution is responsible for mortality of aquatic organisms.  Increase in toxicity: The rising temperature increases the toxicity of the poison present in water.
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  Thermal pollution instreams by human activities  Industries and power plants use water to cool machinery and discharge the warm water into a stream.  Stream temperature rises when trees and tall vegetation providing shade are cut.  Soil erosion caused due to construction also leads to thermal pollution  Removal of stream side vegetation  Poor farming Practices also lead to thermal pollution
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   Desalination plants Less nuclear power  End shoreline deforestation  Prevent soil erosion
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  Artificial lakes: These arehuman – made water bodies Which gives a potential alternative for colling of power plant The discharge of warmed effluents at one end of lake and withdrawing cooling water from another end of the lake. The heat of artificial lake is finally dissipated through the evaporation. C00LING TOWERS In this technique, a condenser is used for cooling of heated effluents at the time of returning to the water bodies
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  CONCLUSION  Ensure touse 100% renewable sources  This pollution negatively affect the yield and quality of crops  The plant can be considered at most important modes to use solar thermal and biomass power in future….