Environmental pollution

ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION AND CONTROL
Dr. P. KALAISELVI
Assistant Professor
Department of Environmental Sciences
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Coimbatore
11/8/2021 Dept. of ENS, TNAU, CBE 1

OVERVIEW
• Definition of Pollution.
• Types of Pollution.
• Air Pollution.
• Water Pollution.
• Noise Pollution.
• Land Pollution.
• Radio Active Pollution.

POLLUTION
• When Harmful Substances Contaminate the
Environment, it is Called Pollution.
• Pollution refers to the very bad condition of
environment in terms of quantity and quality.
• damage to ecosystem and aesthetics of our
surrounding

A Broader View of Pollution

AIR POLLUTION

• Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals,
particulate matter, or biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort to humans or other
living organisms, or cause damage to thenatural
environment or built environment , into the
atmosphere.
• A substance in the air that can cause harm to
humans and the environment is known as an air
pollutant.
• Air is considered safe when it contains no
harmful dust and gases.
Air Pollution

Causes of Air Pollution
Major sources of Air Pollution:
• Industries.
• Automobiles and Domestic fuels.
• High Proportion of undesirable gases, such as
sulphurdioxide and carbon monoxide
• Dust(e. g. cement dust, foundry dust and windblown
solid dust)
• Mist.
• Smoke.
• Carbon black.
• Aerosols.

Effects of Air Pollution
• Air Pollution affects???
• Human health.
• Animals.
• Plants.
• The atmosphere as a whole.
• Global warming.
• Ozone depletion (Ozone hole).
• Acid Rain.
• Various respiratory iallnesses.

How to Avoid Air Pollution
• Yes , we can avoid pollution As Follows:
• Use natural Gases, like LPG
(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) autos.
• Do not Burst Crackers.
• Use less Amount of Fuel for Vehicles.
• Avoid using and use electric stoves (biogas).
• The gasoline must have anti knocking agents..
• The mining area should be planted with trees

Acid Rain

Water Pollution…
• Water pollution is the contamination of water
bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and
groundwater).
• Water pollution occurs when pollutants are
discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies
without adequate treatment to remove harmful
compounds.
• Any physical (temperature, oxygen), chemical
(mercury), or biological (disease, sewage) change
to water that adversely affects its use by alive
beings. 11/8/2021 Dept. of ENS, TNAU, CBE 12

SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
• Most of Water Pollution is man made It may also occur
• naturally by addition of soil particles through erosion
animal
• wastes and leaching of minerals from rocks
• The sources of water pollution can be classified as
• Municipal WasteWater
• Industrial Waste
• Inorganic Pollutants
• Organic Pollutants
• Agricultural Wastes
• Marine Pollution
• Thermal pollution

Effects of Water Pollution
• Diseases like Cholera.
• Malaria.
• Typhoid(spread during the rainy season).
• Aquatic life gets destroyed

How to Avoid Water Pollution
• Rivers should not be used for washing clothes
or bathing animals .
• Harvesting of Rain water to meet water
requirements.
• Dams & embankments must be created.
• The rivers must not be contaminated.
• In rivers the dead bodies shouldn’t thrown.

Treating Polluted Water...
• Suspended, solid particles and inorganic
material can be removed by the use of filters.
• Use of biological filters and processes can
naturally degrade the organic waste material.
• After above two steps chemical additives are
supplied to get rid of any left-over impurities.

Treating Polluted Water...

MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER

INDUSTRIAL WASTE
• The major source of water pollution is the
waste water discharged from industries and
commercial bodies, these industries are
chemical, metallurgical, food processing
industries, textile, paper industries. They
discharge several organic and inorganic
pollutants. That prove highly toxic to living
beings.

INORGANIC POLLUTANTS
They include fine particles of different metals,
chlorides, sulphates, oxides of iron, cadmium, acids
and alkalies.

ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
They Include oils, fats, phenols, organic acids grease
and several other organic compounds

AGRICULTURAL WASTES`
Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have
become essential for present day high
yielding crops.
Consequently , they have become a
potential source of water pollution.
These fertilizers contain major plants
nutrients mainly
nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium.
Excess fertilizers may reach the ground
water by leaching or may be mixed with
surface water of rivers, lakes and ponds
by runoff and drainage

MARINE POLLUTION
Ocean are the final sink of all natural and manmade
pollutants. Rivers discharge their pollutants into the sea.
The sewage and garbage of costal cities are also dumped
into the sea. The other sources include, discharge of oils,
grease, detergents, and radioactive wastes from ships.

THERMAL POLLUTION
Thermal Pollution of water is caused by the rise in
temperature of water. The main source of thermal
pollution are the thermal and nuclear power plants. The
power generating plants use water as coolants and
release hot water into the original source. Sudden rise in
temperature kills fish and other aquatic animals.

NOISE POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION
• Noise can be simply defined as unwanted sound.
• The sound is pleasant or not depends upon its
loudness, duration, rhythm and the mood of the
person.
• Noise pollution not only results in irritation and
anger.
• Noise Levels: Decibels(dB)
• Intensity
• Frequency
• Periods of exposure and
• Duration

Sources of Noise Pollution…
• Machines.
• Transportation systems.
• Motor vehicles.
• Aircrafts.
• Trains.
• Poor urban planning
• Hearing Loss.
• High Blood Pressure.
• Stress.
• Sleep Disturbance.
• Colour Blindness.

How to Avoid Noise Pollution
• The Government should ensure the new machines
that Should be noise proof.
• Airports must be away from residential area.
• The Sound horn symbol is to be in School Roads.
• Control noise at source by proper choice of
equipment, design modification, mounting and
proper layout.
• Isolation or use of baffles.
• Use of ear protection devices
• Planting bushes and trees in and around sound
generating sources is an effective solution for noise
pollution. 11/8/2021 Dept. of ENS, TNAU, CBE 28

Controlling noise..

LAND POLLUTION

LAND POLLUTION
• One fourth of are a is covered by land.
• Land is a earth which is occupied by people
for shelter, occupation, etc...

Causes of Land Pollution
• We can classify major sources in the following
Categories:
• Mining, Erosion and quarrying.
• Household Garbage.
• Urbanization and Concentration of Population.
• Municipal Solid Waste.
• Industrial Waste and Hazardous Waste.
• Uncontrolled Land Treatment.
• Burning open dumps and forest fires.
• Deforestation.

Effects of Land Pollution
• The Land Can not use to build houses.
• Man can not be farming.
• Ground water will gets Affected.
• Death of the animals that in habit the land.

Prevention of Land Pollution
• More and more land should be brought under
farming.
• Trees should be planted everywhere.
• Waste matter should be disposed immediately.
• Avoid drilling the Land for more under ground water.
• Avoid using more fertilizers and Pesticides.
• Integrated Solid Waste Management.
• Good agricultural practices.
• Remediation of polluted soils.
• Prevention of erosion and silting.
• Containment of hazardous waste and waste water
treatment using land treatment techniques.

TYPES OF LAND POLLUTION
• Construction
• Agriculture
• Domestic waste
• Industrial Waste

CONSTRUCTION
• Buildings take up resources and land, the
trees are chopped down and used to make
buildings.
• Takes away the places for animals and other
organisms to live.

AGRICULTURE
• As there are more and more people
inhabiting the earth, food is in higher
demand and so forests are chopped down
and turned into farmland
• In addition, herbicides, pesticides, artificial
fertilizers, animal manure are washed into
the soil and pollute it.

DOMESTIC WASTE
• Tons of domestic waste is dumped every
day. Some waste from homes, offices and
industries can be recycled or burnt in
incinerators .
• There is still a lot of garbage, such as
refrigerators and washing machines that are
dumped in landfills simply because they
cannot be reused in anyway, nor recycled .

INDUSTRIAL WASTE
• Plastics factories, chemical plants, oil
refineries, nuclear waste disposal activity,
large animal farms, coal-fired power plants,
metals production factories and other heavy
industry all contribute to land pollution.

RADIO ACTIVE POLLUTION
• Despite the Advantage of nuclear as a clean
energy, the big concern is the resulted from
nuclear reaction, which is a form of pollution
called Radioactivity.
• Radiation(Laser Rays)will from Radioactive
Pollution.

Causes of Radioactive Pollution
• Nuclear power plants (Ex: Neyveli,
Kalpakkam).
• Nuclear Weapons (Ex: Missiles).
• Disposal of Nuclear Waste.
• Uranium Mining.

Effects of Radioactive Pollution
• The Diseases include blood in cough.
• Ulcer.
• Swelling of bone joints.
• Cancer.
• Lung Cancer.
• Skin Cancer.
• Bone Cancer.
• Eye Problems.

How to Prevent of Radioactive
Pollution
• Avoid Constructing Nuclear Power Plants.
• Avoid Using Nuclear Weapon.
• Have Proper Treatment for Nuclear Waste.
• Avoid mining for Uranium to a minimal

Soil Pollution..
• Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused
by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made)
chemicals or other alteration in the natural
soil environment.
• It is typically caused by
• industrial activity.
• agricultural chemicals.
• improper disposal of waste.

Soil Contaminating Chemicals…..
• Petroleum hydrocarbons.
• Poly nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
Pesticides
• Lead and Other heavy metals.

How to control soil pollution?
• Limit the use of fertilizers and pesticides
• Awareness about biological control methods and
their implementation
• The grazing must be controlled and forest
management should be done properly
• The afforestation and reforestation must take place
• Proper preventive methods like shields should be
used in areas of wind erosion and wind
breaksTreating Wastes of industries.
• Treating nuclear waste.
• Proper disposing of plastics and other garbage
materials

LIGHT POLLUTION

Light Pollution
• Light pollution, also known as photo
pollution or luminous pollution, Is excessive,
misdirected, or obtrusive artificial light.
Pollution is the adding of/ added light itself,
in analogy to added sound, carbon dioxide,
etc.

Light pollution Causes..
• Degradation of photic habitat by artificial
light.
• Alteration of natural light levels in the
outdoor environment.
• Due to Indoor light pollution human health is
compromised.

Controlling Light Pollution..
• Excessive lighting should be avoided.
• For Lighting an applicable design should be
followed.
• Light engineering should be applied for
streets.

WAYS TO STOP POLLUTION
• We believe that it is the responsible thing to
do to increase recycling.
• It is just like doing laundry and separating
blacks and colors.
• The residents of the country should also try
and do their part and put in at least one day
of litter picking up.

GLOBAL WARMING AND THE
GREENHOUSE EFFECT

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLOBAL
WARMING AND THE GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
• Global warming refers to a rise in the
temperature of the surface of the earth.
• The Greenhouse Effect is a process by which
thermal radiation from a planetary surface is
absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,
and is re-radiated in all directions.

SOME PROOF OF GLOBAL WARMING
PORTAGE GLACIER ALASKA THEN
PORTAGE GLACIER ALASKA NOW

POLLUTION IN GENERAL
• Most Polluted World Cities..
• Cairo, (Egypt)
• Delhi, (India)
• Kolkata, (India)
• Tianjin, (China)
• Chongqing, (China)
• Kanpur, (India)
• Lucknow, (India)
• Jakarta, (Indonesia)
• Shenyang, (China)

Environmental pollution

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