EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation
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The document discusses citizen science and its potential synergies with Earth observation (EO) data. It describes OpenStreetMap as an example of citizen science, noting its open data license and global community of contributors. The document advocates cross-fertilization between citizen science and EO to better leverage billions of intelligent sensors. It also discusses recent EO developments like the Digital Earth concept, geospatial web, big data platforms, and the potential of artificial intelligence to harness these new capabilities for studying the Earth.
![EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018
Citizen Science
Quality (examples)
• OSM Building footprints Lombardy (Italy): the spatial accuracy is
comparable to the authoritative dataset at scale 1:5000
• Streets in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda: comparison OSM and UNECA (United
Nations Economic Commission for Africa); the latter dataset is based on the
Digital Chart of the World
Country OSM [m] UNECA [m] OSM/UNECA
Kenya 165842875 37107320 4,5
Tanzania 426683257 55336417 7,7
Uganda 148997450 18545031 8,0](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mariabrovellipres-181113090652/85/EO-in-Society-Open-Science-and-Innovation-7-320.jpg)
EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation
- 1. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation Maria Antonia Brovelli Politecnico di Milano – Milano - Italy Advisory Committee for Earth Observation (ACEO) Frascati (Italy) 30-31 Ottobre 2018 Frascati, 13-16 November 2018
- 2. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Citizen Science • The appearance of “new” human actors – Citizen science: set of practices in which citizens participate in data collection, analysis and dissemination of a scientific project (Cohn 2008) – citizen cyberscience: use of computers, GNSS receivers and mobile phones – Enabling factors: • Geolocation sensors and handheld sensors. Space products and services (success of GNSS) • Web2.0 technologies • Collective Intelligence
- 3. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Citizen Science OpenStreetMap (OSM) The OSM project was born in 2004 to encourage the creation of geo data that is free to use and shareable with anyone (licensed under the Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL)) by the OSM Foundation (OSMF).
- 4. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 OSM Ecosystem Citizen Science
- 5. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Citizen Science
- 6. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Citizen Science OSM Ecosystem Commercial OSM Software and Services
- 7. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Citizen Science Quality (examples) • OSM Building footprints Lombardy (Italy): the spatial accuracy is comparable to the authoritative dataset at scale 1:5000 • Streets in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda: comparison OSM and UNECA (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa); the latter dataset is based on the Digital Chart of the World Country OSM [m] UNECA [m] OSM/UNECA Kenya 165842875 37107320 4,5 Tanzania 426683257 55336417 7,7 Uganda 148997450 18545031 8,0
- 8. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Citizen Science A GROWING GLOBAL COMMUNITY "No PhDs needed: how citizen science is transforming research” Nature 23 October 2018
- 9. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 EO and Citizen Science • What is missing? How to elicit the exploitation of EO products different from simple optical HR imagery? • There are potentially billions of intelligent sensors!! • There is a need of cross-fertilization for synergizing the two worlds (EO4CS).
- 10. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 • The Digital Earth “a multi-resolution, three-dimensional representation of the planet that would make it possible to find, visualise and make sense of vast amounts of georeferenced information on the physical and social environment. Such a system would allow users to navigate through space and time, access to historical data as well as future predictions based for example on environmental models, and support access and use by scientists, policy-makers and children alike” Gore, A., 1998. The Digital Earth: Understanding our planet in the 21st Century.
- 11. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 • The Geospatial Web
- 12. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 The Geospatial Web • Geo Web Services (Catalogues, Data, Processing) • Clients (Web Mapping, Mash-up, Web2.0) • Interoperability
- 13. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Dealing with Big Data • Over 10 Petabyte/year of new data with just Sentinels-1,-2 and -3 fully operational • immediately consumable for users (even if Big Data) – WCS: Web Coverage Service • Cloud Processing representations of space/time varying phenomena: regular and irregular grids, point clouds and general meshes Datacubes: multidimensional arrays is a subset of coverages that focuses on regular and irregular spatio-temporal grid
- 14. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Dealing with Geo IoT → Sensors everywhere → Internet of Things (connected devices)
- 15. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 ESA Thematic Open Exploitation Platform DP – Data Provider: user providing data PI - Expert user: software development and integration
- 16. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 ESA Thematic Open Exploitation Platform
- 17. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Data and Information Access Service (DIAS)
- 18. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 • From the web of people to the web of data/information: intelligence by connecting data and information (Web3.0) • A great and praiseworthy effort has been made for giving birth to such infrastructures. • From the industrial point of view (in Europe, fragmented and mainly micro-small sized companies): “around 10 % of the overall sector revenues are driven by free data” and there is optimism with respect to a future grow, in the new era of platforms (EARSC) • Openness has been a winning choice. Data and Information Access Service (DIAS)
- 19. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 • How to make these platforms pervasive (at least) in the education and research domain and make them competitive with respect to other solutions? – Researchers need to be aware and understand the added value of these solutions. But these solutions need to be sustainable for researchers – Educators have to be “educated” in order to introduce these topics in their courses (secondary and higher education) – Cross-fertilisation between GEO (Geospatial science and Earth Observation) and Informatics → GEO Informatics no more seen as a niche subject Data and Information Access Service (DIAS)
- 20. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Artificial Intelligence • Going to machines … AI has reached a historical moment • Big Data • Processing Power • Collective Intelligence • Open Software and Open Data • Improved Algorithms • Accelerating Returns → AI4EO (AI4GEO) Harnessing AI for the Earth, PwC, World Economic Forum WEF, 2018
- 21. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 Artificial Intelligence What do we need? • DATA (good quality data) • TOOLS AND INFRASTRUCTURES • AI4GEO ECOSYSTEM: – Researchers – Citizen Scientists – Private Sector – Investors – Potential Users
- 22. EO in Society: Open Science and Innovation. M. A. Brovelli, The ESA Earth Observation Φ Week – 13 Nov 2018 CONCLUSIONS • Citizen Science is a pivotal element in sensing and monitoring the Earth. How to elicit more participation? (EO4CS) • We have been experiencing many advancements in a short time: OSM (2004), Sentinels (2014), DIAS (2018): free and open data and free and open source software have proved to be effective for innovation. Let us go ahead in this direction. Will the new platforms be sustainable (and of interest) for educators, researchers and in general? • AI is opening unprecedented ways of studying the World. How to elicit more research on AI4EO in Europe? • We have today definitely more possibilities of sensing and monitoring our planet (and beyond); the step between monitoring and controlling is very short; the prevention against a society of control is participation and openness.