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Equitable 'Net Zero' for Buildings
The document discusses frameworks for equitably assessing net zero buildings and prioritizing renewable energy. It proposes a new Primary Energy Renewable (PER) framework that would give accurate credit to renewable electricity sources based on regional grids. The PER framework aims to incentivize demand reduction, fuel switching to electric heat pumps, and optimize building design for renewable generation potential without penalizing tall or shaded buildings. It also accounts for local and off-site renewable energy credits. The presenter advocates for this new framework to more equitably assess net zero buildings and maximize renewable energy sources.
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Equitable 'Net Zero' for Buildings
- 1. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Equitable ‘Net Zero’ for Buildings Bronwyn Barry, RA, CPHD North American Passive House Network & Passive House California
- 2. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Is all ’Net Zero’ created equal? Image credit: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- 3. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Can we ‘equalize’ for tall? Image credit: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- 4. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Can we ‘equalize’ for cold climates? Image credit: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- 5. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Can we ‘equalize’ for challenging use types? Image credit: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- 6. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Can we address ‘Zero’ equitably? BASIC PRINCIPLES 1. Manages ‘Loss’ 1. Driven by: Comfort Quality Durability 3. Credits renewables separately SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD
- 7. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Can we address ‘Zero’ equitably? BASIC PRINCIPLES 1. Manages ‘Loss’ 1. Driven by: Comfort Quality Durability 3. Credits renewables separately SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD
- 8. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Which ‘Zero’ is our real goal? Source: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/63492 The Palo Alto Report….
- 9. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE How do we use energy? Source: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/63492 Starting with current data…. Space Heating Interior Lighting Water Heating Cooking Cooling Refrigeration Ventilat… Office Eqpt Misc Exterior LightingMotors ProcessAir Compressors Water Heating Space Heating Lighting Refrigerators and Freezers Plug Loads Cooling Pools and Spas Dishwasher and Cooking Laundry Misc Pools, Spas, Miscellaneous Residential Buildings 30% Commercial Buildings 70%
- 10. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE What needs to shift? Source: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/63492 (52%)
- 11. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE 41% 20% 2% 37% 18% 1% 15% 9% 4% 0% 7% 14% 0% 15% 28% 0% 8% 14% 0% 6% 14% Emissions Energy Use Electricity Use Annual Energy Use as a Percentage of Total Palo Alto Building Energy Use Space Heating Water Heating Cooking Cooling Lighting Refrigeration Plug Loads Source: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/63492 78%! What needs to shift?
- 12. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Current energy accounting SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
- 13. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use What’s a utilization factor for electricity?
- 14. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE SOURCE: Image - http://www.theenergycollective.com/aqgilbert/2322195/us-electricity-system-15-maps, Data: Passive House Academy kWh of Source Energy per kWh of delivered electricity (2004) National: 3.315 Western: 2.853 ERCOT: 3.574 Alaska: 3.568 Hawaii: 3.1917 Eastern: 3.394 Does this change regionally?
- 15. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE How is each grid different? Nuclear North East Hydro North West Windy Great Plains Coal Midwest Solar Coasts Gas Everywhere! Solar Coasts Gas Everywhere!
- 16. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE How do we design this new framework? SOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use
- 17. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use How do we design this new framework?
- 18. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use ✕ How do we design this new framework?
- 19. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use þ ✕ How do we design this new framework?
- 20. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use þ ✕ Renewables 3x better site utilization How do we design this new framework?
- 21. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use þ ✕ Renewables 3x better site utilization But non-Renewables look equally good How do we design this new framework?
- 22. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment, Can we optimize for renewables?
- 23. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment, Can we optimize for renewables?
- 24. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment, Can we optimize for renewables?
- 25. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment, Can we optimize for renewables?
- 26. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment, Can we optimize for renewables?
- 27. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCESOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment, New R-E Framework Needed Can we optimize for renewables?
- 28. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Heating/Cooling Demand: Peak Heat Load: Air-tightness: Total Primary Energy: 15 kWh/m2yr or 4.75 kBTU/hr.ft2 10 W/m2 or 3.2 BTU/hr.ft2 n50 < 0.6 ACH Primary Energy Renewables (PER) Factors 3 Certification Levels Incentivizes RENEWABLE ENERGY sources SOURCE: Image – Team Germany 2009 Solar Decathlon Passivhaus supplies 200% of it’s energy via renewable energy. Creates a CARBON EMISSIONS focus Cooling Limits adjusted for Humid Climates: Setting an energy use budget
- 29. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Three certification levels Energy Supply from Renewable Resources Final Energy Demand at the Building PER = INCENTIVIZES: 1. Total Demand Reduction & Peak Load Shifting 2. Fuel switching to all-electric with heat pumps 3. Regional renewable grid efficiencies 4. Allows local and off-site renewable credits 5. Seasonal storage of renewables at utility scale 6. Urban density & equitable renewable credit for all buildings SOURCE: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment
- 30. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE SOURCE: Illustrations by Bronwyn Barry, info: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment 1. Total Demand Reduction Separated into: § Electricity § Hot Water § Heating § Cooling § Dehumidification 2. Seasonal Energy Demand 3. Regional Grid Renewable Supply Account for: § Wind § Solar PV & HW § Hydro ~ Biomass ~ District Heat 4. Building Site & Size 6. Renewable Storage Calculated kWh of: § Short-term & § Long-term energy 5. Regional Peak Load Considers localized use: § Demand Type § Daily Peak Use § Seasonal Peak 7. Appliance Energy Source Incentivizes fuel switching Factor & incentivize: § Local renewable availability § Building size vs roof area § Supply vs Demand balance § Viable short- vs long-term storage Basic framework overview:
- 31. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE 5. Regional Peak Load How this works in California…
- 32. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE 5. Regional Peak Load How this works in California…
- 33. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE 5. Regional Peak Load How this works in California…
- 34. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE 5. Regional Peak Load How this works in California…
- 35. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE 5. Regional Peak Load SOURCE: PHPP v.9.7 IP What about the Tri-State region?
- 36. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE 5. Regional Peak Load SOURCE: PHPP v.9.7 IP What about New England?
- 37. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE BASIC PRINCIPLES 1. Manages ‘Loss’ 1. Driven by: Comfort Quality Durability 3. Credits renewables separately PRIORITIZES DEMAND REDUCTION Renewable sources given beneficial ‘Primary Energy Renewable’ factors Credits allocated by: On-site generation Off-site generation Green Roofs (Regional grid supply factored into this calculus.) SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD A quick summary…
- 38. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE BASIC PRINCIPLES 1. Manages ‘Loss’ 1. Driven by: Comfort Quality Durability 3. Credits renewables separately SOURCE: Image – California’s All Renewable Energy Future by Bronwyn Barry, CPHD • Gives renewable electricity accurate credit • Accounts for local renewable generation potential • Does not penalize tall/shaded • Drives climate-appropriate design to maximize renewable sources How is this more equitable?
- 39. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE http://www.naphnetwork.org Where can I learn more? http://www.naphnetwork.org
- 40. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE October 17-21st, 2018 Keynote Presenters: Hubert Rhomberg – CREE Scott Foster - UNECE Join us in Pittsburgh for NAPHN18 https://naphnconference.com/
- 41. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Or meet us in China in 2019! https://passivhaustagung.de/en/
- 42. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Thanks and credits SOURCE MATERIAL: § Passive House Institute, passivehouse.com § ‘The PER Sustainability Assessment,’ Passipedia.org RECOMMENDED READING: https://passipedia.org/certification/passive_house_categories/per#the_per_sustainability_assessment https://passipedia.org/basics/passive_house_- _assuring_a_sustainable_energy_supply/passive_house_the_next_decade SOURCE: Image: Bronwyn Barry – Cornell Tech Tower THANK YOU Bronwyn Barry, RA, CPHD Email: [email protected] Website: http://naphnetwork.org/
- 43. THE NATION’S LARGESTNET ZERO BUILDING CONFERENCE Join us next year at NZ19!