Escalators

E S C A L A T O R S
SUBMITTED BY:
AKASH KUMAR
SEM-VII, SEC-A
SUBMITTED TO:
AR. GAURAV AGRAWAL
JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY

ESCALATORS
• An escalator is a moving staircase –
a conveyer transport device for
carrying people between floors of a
building.
• The benefits of escalators are many.
They have the capacity to move large
numbers of people.
• Escalators are used around the world to
move pedestrian traffic in places
where elevators would be impractical.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• Escalator = Elevator + Scala (Steps)
• Nathan Ames, Of Saugus, Massachusetts, In The US,
Invented The First Escalator In 1859.He Called His
Invention As A Revolving Stairs But In The Patent He Does
Not Mentioned The Type Of Material He Would Be Using.
Jesse Reno Patented The First Endless Conveyor Or Elevator
In 1892. He Produced The First Working Escalator, Which
He Called The Inclined Elevator. This Escalator Was
Installed Next To The Old Iron Pier On Coney Island, New
York, In 1896. The Escalator Was Later Redisgned By
Charles Seeberger In 1897 Who Created The Name
‘Escalator’ From The Word ‘Scala’, Which In Latin Means
Steps And The Word ‘Elevator’ Which Had Been Already
Invented.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ESCALATOR AND ELEVATOR
• Elevators are closed cabins inside vertical shafts that are used to transport
people between different floors in high rise buildings.
• Escalators are moving stairways that allow people to move between floors in
busy places such as shopping malls, airports, and railway stations.
• Escalators are slow moving whereas elevators are fast and can move up or down
at great speeds.

TYPES OF ESCALATORS
• 1.PARALLEL.
• 2.CRISSCROSS.
• 3.MULTIPLE PARALLEL
• 4. CURVED ESCALATORS

1. PARALLEL ESCALATORS
• Parallel up and down escalators "side by side or separated by a distance", seen
often in metro stations and multilevel motion picture theaters.

Parallel: These type of escalator go up and down simultaneously.
1 Speed: 0.5m/s
2 Inclination: 30, 35
3 Step width: 800 / 1000
4 Power: 50 Hz / 3p
5 Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel
6 Step: stainless steel
7 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel.
8 Operation: Emergency stop button/ Key switch / Inspection operation.
9 Illumination: lighting under upper and lower landing steps.
10 Indicator: Failure indicator on control cabinet.

2.CRISSCROSS ESCALATORS
• Crisscross minimizes structural space requirements by
"stacking" escalators that go in one direction, frequently used
in department stores or shopping centers.

CRISS-CROSS:
They stacks the escalators that go in single direction and reduces structural
space requirement.
1 Step width: 600 / 800 / 1000
2 Power: 300V / 50 Hz / 3p
3 Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel.
4 Step: stainless steel.
5 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel.
6 Operation: Emergency stop button / Key switch / Inspection operation.

3. MULTIPLE PARALLEL ESCALATORS
• Multiple parallel two or more escalators together that travel in one direction
next to one or two escalators in the same bank that travel in the other direction.
• Escalators are required to have moving handrails that keep pace with the
movement of the steps. The direction of movement (up or down) can be
permanently the same, or be controlled by personnel according to the time of
day, or automatically.

Multi parallel:
1 Speed: 0.5m/s
2 Inclinations: 30, 35
3 Step widths: 800 / 1000
4 Power: 50 Hz / 3p
5 Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel
6 Step: stainless steel
7 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel
8 Operation: Emergency stop button/ Key switch / Inspection operation.

4. CURVED ESCALATORS
SANGHAI HOTEL, CHAINA

SPIRAL TYPE ESCALATORS:
These are used to enhance the architectural beauty and to save the space.
1 Inclined Angle : 30
2 Number of Persons : 6300 per hour
3 Rated Speed (mtrs./sec.) :25 m/ min.
4 Vertical Rise ( m ) : 3500 ~ 6600

5. HORIZONTAL MOVING WALK ESCALATORS

COMPONENTS ESCALATORS
• Landing platforms
• Truss
• Tracks
• Steps
• Handrail
LANDING PLATFORM (machine room)
LANDING PLATFORM
(machine room)
Hand RailTRUSS
STEPS

1. LANDING PLATFORMS
• These two platforms house the
curved sections of the tracks, as
well as the gears and motors that
drive the stairs.
• The top platform contains the
motor assembly and the main drive
gear, while the bottom holds the
step return idler sprockets.

2. TRUSS
• The truss is a hollow metal
structure that bridges the
lower and upper landings.
• It is composed of two side
sections joined together with
cross braces across the bottom
and just below the top .The
ends of the truss are attached
to the top and bottom landing
platforms via steel or concrete
supports.

3.TRACKS
• The track system is built into the truss to guide the step chain, which
continuously pulls the steps from the bottom platform and back to the top in
an endless loop.
• There are actually two tracks: one for the front wheels of the steps (called the
step-wheel track) and one for the back wheels of the steps (called the trailer-
wheel track).

4.STEPS
• The steps are solid, one piece, die-cast aluminum or steel. Yellow demarcation
lines may be added to clearly indicate their edges.

4.HANDRAIL
• The handrail provides a convenient handhold for passengers while
they are riding the escalator.

STANDARDS
DIMENSION
2300
<5000<50002000 2000
30 - 35

INCLINE AND TRANSPORTATION HEIGHT
• Generally designed on an incline of
27.3, 30, 35 degrees.
• 35 degree escalator is most
effective since it requires least
amount of space. This incline is
applicable to a total transportation
height of 6m.
• If the height is more than 6m than
incline of 27.3 should be given.

ESCALATOR CAPACITY
• Most escalators are designed with 1000mm wide steps which allow passengers to move
comfortably when carrying luggage and shopping bags.
• 600mm and 800mm wide steps are also available and generally used in low traffic
areas.
• Standard transportation speed ranges between 0.5 to 0.65m/s.
• For a speed of 0.5m/s the theoretical capacity is:
600mm step width -4500 persons per hour
800mm step width -6750 persons per hour
1000mm step width -9000 persons/hour

ADVANTAGES OF ESCALATORS
It helps a large no. of people in moving from one place to another at the same time and they reduce the
need of elevator because people would not have to wait for elevator and escalator can carry a large no. of
people at the same time.
It is helpful for the people that have pain in their legs and joints i.e it provide comfort to the people
Escalators are effective when used as a mean of guidance and circulation.
Their speed can be adjusted which is helpful in managing the crowd.
When turned off they can be used a staircase.
DISADVANTAGES OF ESCALATORS
Waste of energy when not in use.
Possible injuries when stopped suddenly
Source of fear for small children

SAFETY MOMENT
• Escalator safety is a big concern, especially for children. Each year, escalator
accidents are responsible for numerous trips to the emergency room. These
accidents can occur due.
•USE care when stepping on and off.
•ATTEND small children at all times.
•HOLD the handrail.
•DO NOT run up or down the steps.
•KEEP FEET AWAY FROM THE SIDE EDGES
OF STEPS.
•TIE all shoelaces.

ELEVATOR COMPANIES IN INDIA
• Kone India
• Fujitec India
• Otis Elevator Company
• Mitsubishi Electric
• Schindler Elevators
• Thyssen Krupp Elevator India
• Kinetic Hyundai
• Hitachi Lift
• Escon Elevators
• Express lifts Ltd

Escalators

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