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EUROPE DAY (9th May)
implements policies and manages EU funds 4Guardian of the treaties 4José Manuel Barroso, President 4Jean-Claude Juncker, President-elect from 1 November 2014 4Divided into departments (Directorates-General) 4Over 33 000 staff 4Based in Brussels and Luxembourg 4Independent from national governments 4Appointed for 5 years 4Accountable to Parliament ©EuropeanUnion
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EUROPE DAY (9th May)
- 1. The European Union: 500million people – 28 countries Member states of the European Union Candidate and potential candidate countries
- 2. Founders New ideas forlasting peace and prosperity… Konrad Adenauer Robert Schuman W inston Churchill Alcide De Gasperi Jean Monnet
- 3. The EU symbols TheEuropean flag The European anthem Europe Day, 9 May The motto: United in diversity
- 4.
- 5. Enlargement: from sixto 28 countries 1952 1973 1981 1986 1990 1995 2004 2007 2013
- 6. The big enlargement: healingthe division of Europe Fall of Berlin Wall – end of Communism EU economic help begins: Phare programme Criteria set for a country to join the EU: • democracy and rule of law • functioning market economy • ability to implement EU laws Formal negotiations on enlargement begin Copenhagen summit agrees enlargement 10 new EU members: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia 41989 41992 41998 42002 42004 42007 Bulgaria and Romania join the EU ©Reuders 42013 Croatia joins on the 1st of July
- 7. Candidate and potentialcandidate countries Area (1000 km²) Population (million) Wealth (gross domestic product per person) Bosnia and Herzegovina 51 3.8 7 300 Montenegro 13 0.6 10 500 Iceland 100 0.3 29 500 Kosovo under UN Security Resolution 1244 11 2.2 : The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 25 2.1 9 200 Albania 27 3.2 7 300 Serbia 77 7.3 8 400 Turkey 770 73.7 13 600 The 28 EU countries together 4 290 508 25 700
- 8. The treaties –basis for democratic cooperation built on law 1952 The European Steel and Coal Community 1958 The treaties of Rome: The European Economic Community The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) 1987 The European Single Act: the Single Market 1993 Treaty of European Union – Maastricht 1999 Treaty of Amsterdam 2003 Treaty of Nice 2009 Treaty of Lisbon
- 9. The EU charterof fundamental rights Binding for all the EU's activities 54 articles under 6 titles: 4 Dignity 4 Freedoms 4 Equality 4 Solidarity 4 Citizens' rights 4 Justice
- 10. A transparent Unionat your service The website of the European Union europa.eu One and a half million documents available to the public Europe Direct contact centre Answers your questions: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 Europe Direct Information Centres 500 EU Info Points across the EU European Union Documents Access to internal documents upon request The European Ombudsman Deals with complaints over EU administration Emily O’Reilly, the EU ombudsman
- 11. EU population inthe world Population in millions, 2012 508 1343 127 143 314 EU China Japan Russia United States 1205 India
- 12. The area ofthe EU compared to the rest of the world Surface area, 1 000 km² EU China Japan Russia United States 16 889 9327 9159 4290 365 India 3287
- 13. How rich isthe EU compared to the rest of the world? EU China Japan Russia United States EU China Japan Russia United States 12 600 5 200 4 200 1300 10 800 25 200 5 800 26 300 12 000 37 100 Size of economy: 2011 gross domestic product in trillion of euros Wealth per person: 2011 gross domestic product per person India India 26001 200
- 14. How big arethe EU countries? Surface area in 1000 km² France Spain Sweden Germany Poland Finland Italy UnitedKingdom Romania Greece Bulgaria Hungary Portugal Austria CzechRepublic Ireland Lithuania Latvia Slovakia Estonia Denmark Netherlands Belgium Slovenia Cyprus Luxemburg Malta 544 506 410 357 313 305 295 244 230 131 111 93 92 83 77 68 63 62 49 43 43 34 30 20 9 3 0.3 Croatia56
- 15. How many peoplelive in the EU? Population in millions, 2012 508 million total 81.8 65.4 63.0 60.8 46.2 38.5 21.4 16.7 11.3 10.5 11.0 10.5 10.0 9.5 8.4 7.3 5.6 5.4 5.4 4.6 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.4 France Spain Sweden Poland Finland Italy UnitedKingdom Romania Greece Bulgaria Hungary Portugal Austria CzechRepublic Ireland Lithuania Latvia Slovakia Estonia Denmark Netherlands Belgium Slovenia Cyprus Luxemburg Malta Germany Croatia4.4
- 16. GDP per inhabitant:the spread of wealth Lithuania 2012 GDP per inhabitant Index where the average of the 28 EU-countries is 100 Luxembourg Ireland Netherlands Austria Denmark Belgium Sweden Finland Germany France Italy Spain EU-28 Cyprus Greece Slovenia Malta Portugal Estonia Hungary Slovakia Latvia Poland Romania Bulgaria UnitedKingdom CzechRepublic Croatia
- 17. Europe 2020 –Europe's growth strategy EU leaders agreed in 2010 the overall strategy to get out of the economic crisis by means of: 4Smart growth Better education, more research, greater use of communication technologies 4Sustainable growth A resource - efficient, greener and more competitive economy 4Inclusive growth More and better jobs, investment in skills and training, modernisation of the labour market and welfare systems, spreading the benefits of growth to all parts of the EU 4Good economic governance Better coordination of economic policy
- 18. The five targetsfor the EU in 2020 Agreed in the Europe 2020 strategy: 4Employment 75% of 20-64 year-olds to be employed 4Research and innovation 3% of the EU's GDP to be invested in research 4Climate change/energy Greenhouse gas emissions 20% lower than 1990 20% of energy from renewables 20% increase in energy efficiency 4Education School drop-out rates below 10% 40% of 30-34–year-olds completing third-level education 4Poverty 20 million fewer people in, or at risk of, poverty and social exclusion
- 19. Europe's response tothe economic crisis 2008: Worldwide financial crisis starts in the United States Coordinated response from the EU's national governments, the European Central Bank and the European Commission: 4Commitment to the euro and to financial stability 4New crisis management tools and reforms of rules: European Stability Mechanism: fund to help extraordinary economic difficulties EU-wide financial supervisory authorities, new laws for stability of banks 4Better economic governance: European Semester: annual procedure to coordinate public budgets Euro+ pact, "Fiscal compact treaty” : mutual commitments to sound public finances
- 20. 2014 EU budget:€ 142.6 billion = 1.06% of gross national income How does the EU spend its money? Global Europe: including development aid 6% Other, administration 6% Smart and inclusive growth: jobs, competitiveness, regional development 45% Security and citizenship, justice 2% Sustainable growth – natural resources: agriculture, environment 42%
- 21. Climate change –a global challenge To stop global warming, EU leaders decided in 2007 to: 4 reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020 (30% if other developed countries do likewise) 4 improve energy efficiency by 20% by 2020 4 raise the share of renewable energy to 20% by 2020 (wind, solar, hydro power, biomass)
- 22. Energy sources ina changing world Fuel used in EU in 2010, as share of total Oil 35% Gas 25% Nuclear 13%Coal 16% Renewables 10% 39% 84% 62% 100% 53% OilCoal Gas Nuclear (uranium) Renewables All types of fuel 0% Share of fuel imported from outside the EU in 2010
- 23. Research - investingin the knowledge society Spending on research and development in 2010 (% of GDP) 2.0% 3.0% 1.5% 2.9% 3.4% EU EU objective 2020 China Japan United States
- 24. Solidarity in practice:the EU cohesion policy 2007-2013: €347 billion invested for infrastructure, business, environment and training of workers for less well-off regions or citizens 4 Regional fund 4 Social fund 4 Cohesion fund Convergence objective: regions with GDP per capita under 75% of the EU average. 81.5% of the funds are spent on this objective. Regional competitiveness and employment objective.
- 25. The euro –a single currency for Europeans EU countries using the euro EU countries not using the euro Can be used everywhere in the euro area 4Coins: one side with national symbols, one side common 4Notes: no national side
- 26. Beating inflation European Economicand Monetary Union: stable prices Average annual inflation in the 17 EU-countries that used the euro in 2013 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
- 27. The single market:freedom of choice Four freedoms of movement: 4 goods 4 services 4 people 4 capital ©GettyImages The single market has led to: Significant reductions in the price of many products and services, including airfares and phone calls More choice for consumers 2.8 million new jobs
- 28. Free to move “Schengen”: 4No police or customs checks at borders between most EU countries 4 Controls strengthened at EU external borders 4 More cooperation between police from different EU countries 4 You can buy and bring back any goods for personal use when you travel between EU countries ©Corbis
- 29. Going abroad tolearn Every year, more than 400 000 young people study or pursue personal development in other European countries with support from EU programmes: 4 Comenius: school education 4 Erasmus: higher education 4 Leonardo da Vinci: vocational training 4 Grundtvig: adult education 4 Youth in Action: voluntary work and non-formal education ©GettyImages
- 30. Improving health andthe environment Pollution knows no borders – joint action needed EU action has helped bring: 4 Cleaner bathing water 4 Much less acid rain 4 Lead-free petrol 4 Free and safe disposal of old electronic equipment 4 Strict rules on food safety from farm to fork 4 More organic and quality farming 4 More effective health warnings on cigarettes 4 Registration and control of all chemicals (REACH) ©VanParysMedia
- 31. An area offreedom, security and justice 4 Charter of Fundamental Rights 4 Joint fight against terrorism 4 Police and law-enforcers from different countries cooperate 4 Coordinated asylum and immigration policies 4 Civil law cooperation ©EuropeanUnionPoliceMission
- 32. The EU: anexporter of peace and prosperity 4 World trade rules 4 Common foreign and security policy 4 Development assistance and humanitarian aid EU runs the peacekeeping operations and the rebuilding of society in war-torn countries like Bosnia-Herzegovina.
- 33. The EU –a major trading power % of global exports, goods, 2012 Others 55% EU 15% United States 11% Japan 5% China 14% % of global exports, services, 2012 Others 42% EU 25% United States 18% Japan 4% China 6% India 5%
- 34. The EU isthe biggest provider of development aid in the world Official development assistance per citizen, 2011 € 110 € 60 € 70 EU Japan United States The EU provides over half of all development aid
- 35. Three key players TheEuropean Parliament - voice of the people Martin Schulz, President of of the European Parliament The European Council and the Council - voice of the Member States Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council The European Commission - promoting the common interest José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission
- 36. European Parliament The EUinstitutions Court of Justice Court of Auditors Economic and Social Committee Committee of the Regions Council of Ministers (The Council) European Commission European Investment Bank European Central BankAgencies European Council (summit)
- 37. How EU lawsare made Citizens, interest groups, experts: discuss, consult Commission: makes formal proposal Parliament and Council of Ministers: decide jointly Commission and Court of Justice: monitor implementation National or local authorities: implement
- 38.
- 39. The European Parliament– voice of the people 4 Decides EU laws and budget together with Council of Ministers 4 Democratic supervision of all the EU’s work Number of members elected in each country (July 2013) United Kingdom12 22 74 73 13 Italy Ireland 22Hungary Greece 99Germany France Finland 6Estonia 13Denmark 22Czech Republic 6Cyprus 12Croatia 19Austria 22Belgium Total 766 72 20Sweden 54Spain 8Slovenia 13Slovakia 33Romania 22Portugal 51Poland 26Netherlands 6Malta 6Luxembourg 12Lithuania 9Latvia Bulgaria 18 * * This figure will be reduced to 751 at the 2014 elections.
- 40. The European politicalparties Greens/European Free Alliance 58 European Conservatives and Reformists 55 Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe 85 European People’s Party (Christian Democrats) 275 Non-attached members 28 Total : 766 Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats 196 European United Left - Nordic Green Left 34 Europe of Freedom and Democracy 35 Number of seats in the European Parliament per political group (July 2013)
- 41. Council of Ministers– voice of the member states 4One minister from each EU country 4Presidency: rotates every six months 4Decides EU laws and budget together with Parliament 4Manages the common foreign and security policy
- 42. Council of Ministers– number of votes per country 352Total: 3Malta 4Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Luxembourg and Slovenia 7Croatia, Denmark, Ireland, Lithuania, Slovakia and Finland 10Austria, Bulgaria and Sweden 12Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary and Portugal 13Netherlands 14Romania 27Spain and Poland 29Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom “Qualified majority” needed for many decisions: 260 votes and a majority of member states From 2014: 55% of the Member States with 65% of the population
- 43. Summit at theEuropean Council Summit of heads of state and government of all EU countries 4Held at least 4 times a year 4Sets the overall guidelines for EU policies 4President: Herman Van Rompuy
- 44. A high representativefor foreign affairs and security Catherine Ashton Double hat: chairs the Foreign Affairs Council meetings + Vice-president of the European Commission Manages the common foreign and security policy Head of European External Action Service
- 45. The European Commission– promoting the common interest 28 independent members, one from each EU country 4Proposes new legislation 4Executive organ 4Guardian of the treaties 4Represents the EU on the international stage
- 46. The Court ofJustice – upholding the law 28 independent judges, one from each EU country 4Rules on how to interpret EU law 4Ensures EU countries apply EU laws in the same way
- 47. The European Courtof Auditors: getting value for your money 28 independent members 4Checks that EU funds are used properly 4Can audit any person or organisation dealing with EU funds
- 48. 4Ensures price stability 4Controlsmoney supply and decides interest rates 4Works independently from governments The European Central Bank: managing the euro Mario Draghi President of the Central Bank
- 49. The European Economicand Social Committee: voice of civil society 353 members 4Represents trade unions, employers, farmers, consumers etc 4Advises on new EU laws and policies 4Promotes the involvement of civil society in EU matters
- 50. The Committee ofthe Regions: voice of local government 353 members 4Represents cities, regions 4Advises on new EU laws and policies 4Promotes the involvement of local government in EU matters
- 51. Civil servants workingfor the EU 4Permanent civil servants 4Selected by open competitions 4Come from all EU countries 4Salaries decided by law 4EU administration costs €15 per EU citizen per year 4EU staff will be reduced by 5% between 2013-17 Commission employs about 23 000 permanent civil servants and 11 000 temporary or contract workers Other EU institutions: about 10 000 employed