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European union
The European Union is a politico-economic union consisting of 28 member states located primarily in Europe. It operates through supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by member states. Major milestones in the development of the EU include the establishment of the European Economic Community in 1957 with six founding members, successive expansions adding new members, and agreements that increased cooperation and integration, such as the Maastricht Treaty.
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European union
- 1. E U RO P E A N U N I O N T H E E U R O P E A N U N I O N I S A P O L I T I C O - E C O N O M I C U N I O N O F 2 8 M E M B E R S T A T E S T H A T A R E P R I M A R I L Y L O C A T E D I N E U R O P E . T H E E U O P E R A T E S T H R O U G H A S Y S T E M O F S U P R A N A T I O N A L I N D E P E N D E N T I N S T I T U T I O N S A N D I N T E R G O V E R N M E N T A L N E G O T I A T E D D E C I S I O N S B Y T H E M E M B E R S T A T E S . EUROPEAN UNION
- 2. Member states ofEU Austria(1995) Belgium (1952) Bulgaria (2007) Croatia (2013) Cyprus (2004) Czech Republic (2004) Denmark (1973) Estonia (2004) Finland (1995) France (1952) Germany (1952) Greece (1981) Hungary (2004) Ireland (1973) Italy (1952) Latvia (2004) Lithuania (2004) Luxembourg (1952) Malta (2004) Netherlands (1952) Poland (2004) Portugal (1986) Romania (2007) Slovakia (2004) Slovenia (2004) Spain (1986) Sweden (1995) United Kingdom (1973)
- 3. The European Union: 500million people – 28 countries Member states of the European Union Candidate and potential candidate countries
- 4. 1945 - 1962 1948 – Under the MARSHAL PLAN the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation(OEEC) was established 1949 – The Council of Europe was established 1957 – European Economic Community (EEC) was established Founding Member States: Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. 1962 -The EU starts its ‘ common agricultural policy ’ giving the countries joint control over food production. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF EU
- 5. 1973 - 1992 1973 - The six become nine when Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom formally enter the EU 1974 - To show their solidarity, EU leaders set up the European Regional Development Fund. 1979 - EU citizens directly elect the members of the European Parliament for the first time. 1981 -Membership of the EU reaches double figures when Greece joins. 1986 - Spain and Portugal enter the EU, bringing membership to 12. 1992The Treaty on European Union is signed in Maastricht. It is a major EU milestone, setting clear rules for the future single currency as well as for foreign and security policy and closer cooperation in justice and home affairs. Under the treaty, the name ‘European Union’ officially replaces ‘European Community - HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF EU
- 6. 1993 - 2002 1993 - The single market and its four freedoms are established: the free movement of goods, services, people and money is now reality. 1995 - Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU. The 15 members now cover almost the whole of western Europe. 1999 -The euro is introduced in 11 countries (joined by Greece in 2001) for commercial and financial transactions only. 2002 - Euro notes and coins arrive. Printing, minting and distributing them in 12 countries is a major logistical operation HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF EU
- 7. 2004 - 2007 2004 - Eight countries of central and eastern Europe — the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia. Cyprus and Malta also become members. 2007 - Two more countries from eastern Europe, Bulgaria and Romania, now join the EU, brining the number of member states to 27 countries. 2007 -The 27 EU countries sign the Treaty of Lisbon, which amends the previous Treaties. It is designed to make the EU more democratic, efficient and transparent, and thereby able to tackle global challenges such as climate change, security and sustainable development. The Treaty of Lisbon is ratified by all EU countries before entering into force on 1 December 2009 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF EU
- 8. The EU symbols TheEuropean flag The European anthem Europe Day, 9 May The motto: United in diversity The EU symbols The European flag The European anthem Europe Day, 9 May The motto: United in diversity
- 9. EU population inthe world Population in millions, 2012 508 1343 127 143 314 EU China Japan Russia United States 1205 India
- 10. The area ofthe EU compared to the rest of the world Surface area, 1 000 km² EU China Japan Russia United States 16 889 9327 9159 4290 365 India 3287
- 11. How rich isthe EU compared to the rest of the world? EU China Japan Russia United States EU China Japan Russia United States 12 600 5 200 4 200 1300 10 800 25 200 5 800 26 300 12 000 37 100 Size of economy: 2011 gross domestic product in trillion of euros Wealth per person: 2011 gross domestic product per person India India 26001 200
- 12. The EU –a major trading power % of global exports, goods, 2012 Others 55% EU 15% United States 11% Japan 5% China 14% % of global exports, services, 2012 Others 42% EU 25% United States 18% Japan 4% China 6% India 5%
- 13. The EU isthe biggest provider of development aid in the world Official development assistance per citizen, 2011 € 110 € 60 € 70 EU Japan United States The EU provides over half of all development aid
- 14. 2014 EU budget:€ 142.6 billion = 1.06% of gross national income How does the EU spend its money? Global Europe: including development aid 6% Other, administration 6% Smart and inclusive growth: jobs, competitiveness, regional development 45% Security and citizenship, justice 2% Sustainable growth – natural resources: agriculture, environment 42%
- 15. The European Parliament– voice of the people 4 Decides EU laws and budget together with Council of Ministers 4 Democratic supervision of all the EU’s work Number of members elected in each country United Kingdom11 21 74 73 13 Italy Ireland 21Hungary Greece 96Germany France Finland 6Estonia 13Denmark 21Czech Republic 6Cyprus 11Croatia 18Austria 21Belgium Total 751 73 20Sweden 54Spain 8Slovenia 13Slovakia 32Romania 21Portugal 51Poland 26Netherlands 6Malta 6Luxembourg 11Lithuania 8Latvia Bulgaria 17
- 16. Europe 2020 –Europe's growth strategy EU leaders agreed in 2010 the overall strategy to get out of the economic crisis by means of: 4Smart growth Better education, more research, greater use of communication technologies 4Sustainable growth A resource - efficient, greener and more competitive economy 4Inclusive growth More and better jobs, investment in skills and training, modernisation of the labour market and welfare systems, spreading the benefits of growth to all parts of the EU 4Good economic governance Better coordination of economic policy
- 17. The five targetsfor the EU in 2020 Agreed in the Europe 2020 strategy: 4Employment 75% of 20-64 year-olds to be employed 4Research and innovation 3% of the EU's GDP to be invested in research 4Climate change/energy Greenhouse gas emissions 20% lower than 1990 20% of energy from renewables 20% increase in energy efficiency 4Education School drop-out rates below 10% 40% of 30-34–year-olds completing third-level education 4Poverty 20 million fewer people in, or at risk of, poverty and social exclusion
- 18. The euro –a single currency for Europeans EU countries using the euro EU countries not using the euro Can be used everywhere in the euro area 4Coins: one side with national symbols, one side common 4Notes: no national side
- 19. Beating inflation European Economicand Monetary Union: stable prices Average annual inflation in the 17 EU-countries that used the euro in 2013 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
- 20. The single market:freedom of choice Four freedoms of movement: 4 goods 4 services 4 people 4 capital ©GettyImages The single market has led to: Significant reductions in the price of many products and services, including airfares and phone calls More choice for consumers 2.8 million new jobs
- 21. Free to move “Schengen”: 4No police or customs checks at borders between most EU countries 4 Controls strengthened at EU external borders 4 More cooperation between police from different EU countries 4 You can buy and bring back any goods for personal use when you travel between EU countries ©Corbis
- 22. Improving health andthe environment Pollution knows no borders – joint action needed EU action has helped bring: 4 Cleaner bathing water 4 Much less acid rain 4 Lead-free petrol 4 Free and safe disposal of old electronic equipment 4 Strict rules on food safety from farm to fork 4 More organic and quality farming 4 More effective health warnings on cigarettes 4 Registration and control of all chemicals (REACH) ©VanParysMedia
- 23. Going abroad tolearn Every year, more than 400 000 young people study or pursue personal development in other European countries with support from EU programmes: 4 Comenius: school education 4 Erasmus: higher education 4 Leonardo da Vinci: vocational training 4 Grundtvig: adult education 4 Youth in Action: voluntary work and non-formal education ©GettyImages
- 24. The European Commission– promoting the common interest 28 independent members, one from each EU country 4Proposes new legislation 4Executive organ 4Guardian of the treaties 4Represents the EU on the international stage
- 25. COMPILED & DESIGNEDBY JOSE FRANCIS ISAAC