European union & regional integration: A critical approach

European union & regional integration: A critical approach

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  EUROPEAN UNION & REGIONAL INTEGRATION A CRITICALAPPROACH
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  INTRODUCTION Great Britain exited fromEUEU is one of the best practical examples of regional integration (RI) European Union (EU) is presently facing a number of crises. Greece crisis German Hagemony
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  REGIONAL INTEGRATIONREGIONAL INTEGRATION RegionalIntegration is a processRegional Integration is a process in which neighboring states enterin which neighboring states enter into an agreement in order tointo an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation throughupgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules.common institutions and rules.
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  Economies of Scale InterregionalTrade Customs Union Market Access Labor Movement Trade corridors Regional Economic Development Spreading Democratic Values Rule of Law Respect of Human Rights right of minorities Promoting Peace REGIONAL INTEGRATION BENEFITSREGIONAL INTEGRATION BENEFITS
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  TYPES OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION Preferential TradePreferentialTrade AgreementAgreement Free Trade AgreementFree Trade Agreement Customs UnionCustoms Union Common MarketCommon Market Economic IntegrationEconomic Integration Political IntegrationPolitical Integration REGIONALREGIONAL INTEGRATIONINTEGRATION
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  THEORIESTHEORIES && APPROCHEAPPROCHE SS ApproAch of ApproAch of E.B.hAAs E.B. hAAs MarxistMarxist Approach Approach
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  MITRANY'S & FUNCTIONALIST THEORY AssumptionsAssumptions politicaldivisions are apolitical divisions are a source of conflict amongsource of conflict among nationsnations in today’s world ofin today’s world of interdependence, nointerdependence, no nation state cannation state can individually solve all itsindividually solve all its economic and socialeconomic and social problemsproblems David Mitrany's Theory Through cooperation in functional areas, subsequently people will develop higher stakes in integration, and thus it will continue to be sustained. Functionalist Theory RI is a process that includes groups, which in the long run will be benefited by cooperative projects in functional areas. Note: David Mitrany was associated with functionalist school
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  APPROACH OF E.B.HAASAPPROACHOF E.B.HAAS Political involvements are alsoPolitical involvements are also essential for RI.essential for RI. Politics need not be envisaged asPolitics need not be envisaged as the crude clash of interests, eachthe crude clash of interests, each rationally conceived and defended,rationally conceived and defended, but may yield to problem solving.but may yield to problem solving. Interests need not be ‘reconciled’ ifInterests need not be ‘reconciled’ if they can be ‘integrated’ at a higherthey can be ‘integrated’ at a higher level of perception by engaging thelevel of perception by engaging the actor in a ‘working’ effort.actor in a ‘working’ effort. Regional bureaucracy in the longRegional bureaucracy in the long run develops a kind of allegiancerun develops a kind of allegiance towards the region.towards the region.
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  THE POSITIONING THEORY •“regions—like states—are not a given part of reality, but are the result of a process of social construction” Transaction amongst citizens of different countries is essential so that they can develop a community bond and subsequently have a common sociopolitical perception. A security community is possible through such transactions, and political integration should be preceded on social closeness
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  MARXIST APPROACH Regionalism asa means of accumulating capital at the regional level. Political and economic integration are methods of providing the institutional conditions for the expansion of capital, while social integration is the process of legitimating the new institutions
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  EU evolved fromthe ruins of World War II To integrate coal and steel industry To restrict possibilities of a future war between France and Germany. European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) that was established in 1951 proved a success,and also in a true functionalist description had a “spillover effect". The destruction caused by World War II compelled the European governments to work for an enduring peace agreement.
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  Immigration racial discrimination terrorism ultra-nationalism problems on the economicfront have also started haunting the EU. euro losing its lustre unemployment growing inequality United States (US) economic recession that began in 2007 economic hardship, the social and economic contradictions have now openly spilled over into the public domain. Europe is an extensively integrated region, the growing income inequality will affect the entire region. PROBLEMSPROBLEMS
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  M V SSAI HEMANTM V S SAI HEMANT BBA FOREIGN TRADEBBA FOREIGN TRADE UPES, DEHRADUNUPES, DEHRADUN UTTARAKHAND, INDIAUTTARAKHAND, INDIA