Evaluation of Electrical Services using Energy Efficient Load
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This document evaluates the electrical services of a four-bedroom apartment in Nigeria using both conventional loads and energy efficient loads. Load analysis was conducted and results showed using energy efficient loads reduced total energy demand by 41.26% and daily energy consumption by 32.96% compared to conventional loads. Specifically, energy efficient loads saved 15,856W of maximum demand, 11,892VA of reactive power, and 85.59kWh of daily energy consumption. Additionally, using energy efficient loads reduced the daily electricity cost from ₦6,002.77 to ₦3,800.47, a savings of ₦2,202.30. Therefore, implementing energy efficient loads provides both technical and economic benefits for
![Available online www.jsaer.com
Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research
165
Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2020, 7(2):165-170
Research Article
ISSN: 2394-2630
CODEN(USA): JSERBR
Evaluation of Electrical Services using Energy Efficient Load
Banji A. Olanipekun1
*, Najeem O. Adelakun2
, Cletus U. Okoye3
Department of Electrical / Electronic Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Banji A. Olanipekun
E-mail: 1*
ufcitebanji@gmail.com, 2
adelakunnajeem@gmail.com, 3
cletusucheok@gmail.com
Abstract The energy efficient load is considered as an important tool for efficient management of available
electrical energy in Nigeria because it allows electricity utility to meet the power demand of many consumers
with little or no increase in power supply generation. This paper discusses the technical and economic benefit of
using energy efficient load for electrical services design considering a four-bedroom apartment in Nigeria as a
case study. Load analysis and evaluation were carried out using both conventional load and energy efficient load
for electrical services. The technical benefits were determined by calculating the total energy demand, apparent
power and current drawn by the four-bedroom apartment. Apparent power and current are important tools to
determine Transformer capacity, Cable capacity and Generator capacity for the apartment. The economic
benefits were determined by calculating the daily energy consumption by the four-bedroom apartment and this
is a great tool in computing the daily cost of electricity by the apartment. The result shows that 41.26% of total
energy demand is saved and 32.96% of daily energy consumption is saved if the energy efficient loads were
used as an alternative to conventional load for that four-bedroom apartment.
Keywords Energy Demand, Energy Consumption, Current, Cost of Electricity, Load Analysis
1. Introduction
Electricity is important for our Economic growth and since it cannot be stored in bulk, it should be generated,
distributed and consumed immediately [1]. The rise in population has led to an increased gap between power
demand and supply in many countries, Nigeria been the most populated country in Africa is not omitted from
this challenge. An increase in the Nigerian population has led to a corresponding increase in electricity demand
without continuous and quality electricity to meet such [2]. To meet the increase in electricity demand, the
nation need to increase the installed capacity or effective use of available capacity.
Nigeria’s government attention is focused on increasing power generation and not much attention is being given
to how the available power could be managed effectively to serve the consumers [3].
The poor and unstable electricity supply in Nigeria has forced many industries, businesses, and households to
rely on diesel and petrol generators as primary or back-up sources of power. Therefore, the utility company is
facing problems to deal with the ever-increasing electricity demand which results in load shedding and low
voltage at the consumers’ end. As a result, Energy efficient load will enhance and also go a long way to redress
the issue of power supply shortage in Nigeria [4].
This paper presents the technical and economic benefit of using the energy efficient load over the conventional
electrical loads for electrical services design of a four-bedroom apartment in Nigeria.
Methodology
After study many literature reviews on the present practice of electrical services design, the inefficient practice
was identified and an efficient method was suggested for designing electrical services. In this section of
thework, we estimate total energy demand, reactive power, apparent power, current, daily energy consumption](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/jsaer2020-7-2-165-1703-200324144229/85/Evaluation-of-Electrical-Services-using-Energy-Efficient-Load-1-320.jpg)
![Olanipekun BA et al Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2020, 7(2):165-170
Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research
169
Load evaluation of four-bedroom apartments in Nigeria with conventional load was used to estimate energy
demand, reactive power, apparent power, Current and daily energy consumption when compared with load
evaluation of the same apartment using an energy efficient load. It is observed that there is a significant decrease
in energy demand and daily energy consumption by using energy efficient load for electrical services, and result
of the analysis shows that the Total maximum demand saved 15,856W (15.86kW), Reactive power saved
11,892VA (11.89kVAR), Apparent power saved 19,820VA (19.82kVA), Current saved 27.58A and Energy
consumed per day saved 85.59kWh. The cost of electricity per day is ₦6,002.77 using conventional load and
₦3,800.47 using an energy efficient load. The energy efficient loads have saved the occupant of the apartment
₦2,202.30 electricity bill. Hence, 41.87% of total energy demand is saved and 36.69% of daily energy
consumption is saved if the energy efficient loads were used as an alternative to conventional load for that four-
bedroom apartment.
Conclusion
Evaluation of Electrical services using energy efficient load for four-bedroom apartment has been attempted and
carried out. The positive impact of using energy-efficient load will produce a very favourable result because it
reduces energy demand and energy consumption. It is an important method of using available electrical energy
in a more efficient way and it will benefit not only the consumers or Utility companies but also the nation as
well. This paper suggested proper awareness of using energy-efficient load by electricity customers because it
reduces electricity bill, it enables utility companies to meet the power demand of many consumers, it reduces the
number of blackouts due to overloading, it improves network reliability, it delays construction of new power
plant and it reduces Cable, Transformer and Generator capacity. Hence, proper energy efficient culture should
be embraced to boost the nation’s energy needs as well as provides energy independence.
References
[1]. Gaurav Gaur, Rintu Khanna, and Jaimala Gambhir. A Review on Demand Side Management Solution
to Power Utilities, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology (IJIRSET), Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2016.
[2]. Eze, C.U.; Aguw, D. D. and Uzoechi, L.O. A New Proposed Demand Side Management Technique,
International Journal of Engineering Science and Emerging Technologies (IJESET), Volume 8, Issue
6, May 2016, Page: 271-281
[3]. Adejumobi I.A.; Wara, S.T.; Adebisi, O.I.; and Akinwande, O.A. Economics of Using Energy Saving
Loads for Electrical Services, Umudike Journal of Engineering and Technology (UJET), Volume 2,
No. 1, June 2016, Page: 144-152.
[4]. Najeem O. Adelakun and Banji A. Olanipekun. Outage Analysis and System Disturbances on 330 kV
and 132 kV Transmission System in Nigeria, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science
(EJERS), Vol. 5, Issue 1. Jan 2020, Pp 100-102
[5]. Najeem O. Adelakun.; Banji A. Olanipekun. and Samuel O. Asogba. Design of an Electrical
Installation of a Storey Building, International Journal of Engineering Technology Research &
Management (IJETRM), Volume 4, Issue1, Jan 2020, Page: 28-38.
[6]. Banji A. Olanipekun and Najeem O. Adelakun. (2020) Assessment of Renewable Energy in Nigeria:
Challenges and Benefits, International Journal of Engineering Trends & Technology (IJETT), Vol. 68,
Issue 1. Jan 2020, Pp 64 - 67
[7]. Cletus U. Okoye and Najeem O. Adelakun. Design and Evaluation of Electrical Services for an Energy
Efficient Home, Iconic Research and Engineering Journals (IRE JOURNALS), Volume 3, Issue 6, Dec
2019, Page: 95-102
[8]. Abanihi, K. V.; Kokoette, E. D.; Agibodion, D. O. and Samuel, D. R. Electrical Services Design of
Energy Efficient Homes: A Case Study of Crow Estate in Igbinedion University Nigeria, Electrical and
Information Engineering Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. 2015
[9]. Theraja, B. L. and A.K. Theraja (2005). A textbook of Electrical Technology, First Multicolour
Edition, S. Chand & Company Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi, India.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/jsaer2020-7-2-165-1703-200324144229/85/Evaluation-of-Electrical-Services-using-Energy-Efficient-Load-5-320.jpg)
![Olanipekun BA et al Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2020, 7(2):165-170
Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research
170
[10]. Uppal, S.L. and Garg, G.C. Electrical wiring estimating and costing. Khanna Publishers: New Delhi,
India. 2011
[11]. Odunsi, J. A. and Babalola, J. O. Electrical installation, design and drafting, 3rd
Edition, Tony Terry
Prints, Nigeria. 2005
[12]. https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/nigeria/electricity_prices/ [Accessed February 4,2020]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/jsaer2020-7-2-165-1703-200324144229/85/Evaluation-of-Electrical-Services-using-Energy-Efficient-Load-6-320.jpg)
Evaluation of Electrical Services using Energy Efficient Load
- 1. Available online www.jsaer.com Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 165 Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2020, 7(2):165-170 Research Article ISSN: 2394-2630 CODEN(USA): JSERBR Evaluation of Electrical Services using Energy Efficient Load Banji A. Olanipekun1 *, Najeem O. Adelakun2 , Cletus U. Okoye3 Department of Electrical / Electronic Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. *Corresponding Author: Banji A. Olanipekun E-mail: 1* [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] Abstract The energy efficient load is considered as an important tool for efficient management of available electrical energy in Nigeria because it allows electricity utility to meet the power demand of many consumers with little or no increase in power supply generation. This paper discusses the technical and economic benefit of using energy efficient load for electrical services design considering a four-bedroom apartment in Nigeria as a case study. Load analysis and evaluation were carried out using both conventional load and energy efficient load for electrical services. The technical benefits were determined by calculating the total energy demand, apparent power and current drawn by the four-bedroom apartment. Apparent power and current are important tools to determine Transformer capacity, Cable capacity and Generator capacity for the apartment. The economic benefits were determined by calculating the daily energy consumption by the four-bedroom apartment and this is a great tool in computing the daily cost of electricity by the apartment. The result shows that 41.26% of total energy demand is saved and 32.96% of daily energy consumption is saved if the energy efficient loads were used as an alternative to conventional load for that four-bedroom apartment. Keywords Energy Demand, Energy Consumption, Current, Cost of Electricity, Load Analysis 1. Introduction Electricity is important for our Economic growth and since it cannot be stored in bulk, it should be generated, distributed and consumed immediately [1]. The rise in population has led to an increased gap between power demand and supply in many countries, Nigeria been the most populated country in Africa is not omitted from this challenge. An increase in the Nigerian population has led to a corresponding increase in electricity demand without continuous and quality electricity to meet such [2]. To meet the increase in electricity demand, the nation need to increase the installed capacity or effective use of available capacity. Nigeria’s government attention is focused on increasing power generation and not much attention is being given to how the available power could be managed effectively to serve the consumers [3]. The poor and unstable electricity supply in Nigeria has forced many industries, businesses, and households to rely on diesel and petrol generators as primary or back-up sources of power. Therefore, the utility company is facing problems to deal with the ever-increasing electricity demand which results in load shedding and low voltage at the consumers’ end. As a result, Energy efficient load will enhance and also go a long way to redress the issue of power supply shortage in Nigeria [4]. This paper presents the technical and economic benefit of using the energy efficient load over the conventional electrical loads for electrical services design of a four-bedroom apartment in Nigeria. Methodology After study many literature reviews on the present practice of electrical services design, the inefficient practice was identified and an efficient method was suggested for designing electrical services. In this section of thework, we estimate total energy demand, reactive power, apparent power, current, daily energy consumption
- 2. Olanipekun BA et al Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2020, 7(2):165-170 Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 166 and daily consumption costfor conventional loads and energy-efficient loads. This involves the calculation and analysis of all electrical load employed for the work by the following equations: Diversity Factor = Energy Demand 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 EnergyDemand = (Connected Load × Diversity Factor) W Active Power (𝑃) = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑊 Energy Consumption per Day = (Energy Demand × Usage Time per Day) kWh Power Factor (PF) = Cos = 0.8 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠−1 0.8 Reactive power (Q) = P × tan= 𝑃 × tan(𝐶𝑜𝑠−1 0.8) (𝑉𝐴𝑅) Apparent Power (S) = 𝑃2 + 𝑄2(𝑉𝐴) Apparent Power (S)= 3 VI(𝑉𝐴) Current I = 𝑆 3 𝑉 (A) Voltage = 415 V (Nigeria three Phase Voltage) Cost of Electricity per Day = (Energy Consumption per Day ×Nigeria Electricity Price) ₦ Nigeria Electricity Price for households = ₦25.731/kWh Table 1: Number of Points of Electrical Load for Four-Bedroom Apartment Room Type Ceiling Fan Electric Cooker Water Heater 15A Socket Outlet For AC Extractor Fan 13A Socket Outlet Indoor Lighting Outdoor Lighting Mirror Lighting Bedroom 1 1 - - 1 - 3 3 - - Bedroom 2 1 - - 1 - 3 3 - - Bedroom 3 1 - - 1 - 3 3 - - Bedroom 4 1 - - 1 - 3 3 - - Toilet 1 - - 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 Toilet 2 - - 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 Toilet 3 - - 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 Toilet 4 - - 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 Living Room 2 - - 2 - 4 5 - - Dinning 1 - - 1 - 2 3 - - Kitchen - 1 1 - 1 4 3 - - Store - - - - - - 2 - - Lobby 1 - - 1 - 2 3 - - Balcony - - - - - - 2 - - Outdoor - - - - - - - 10 - TOTAL 8 1 5 8 5 28 34 10 4 Table 2: Load Analysis Using Conventional Load S/N Load Type No Of Points Connected Load Per Points (W) Diversity Factor Energy Demand (W) Usage Time Per Day (Hrs.) Energy Consumed Per Day (kWh) 1 Ceiling Fan 8 100 0.80 640.00 8 5.12 2 Electric Cooker 1 6000 1.00 6000.00 4 24.00 3 Water Heater 5 4000 0.80 16000.00 2 32.00 4 15A Socket Outlet For Air Condition 8 1000 0.80 6400.00 12 76.80 5 Extractor Fan 5 100 0.80 400.00 3 1.20 6 13A Socket Outlet 28 300 0.80 6720.00 10 67.20 7 Indoor Lighting 34 24 0.80 652.80 15 9.79 8 Outdoor Lighting 10 100 1.00 1000.00 12 12.00 9 Mirror Lighting 4 18 0.80 57.60 1 0.06 TOTAL 37,870.40 228.17
- 3. Olanipekun BA et al Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2020, 7(2):165-170 Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 167 Table 3: Load Analysis Using Energy Efficient Load S/N Load Type No of Points Connected Load Per Points (W) Diversity Factor Energy Demand (W) Usage Time Per Day (HRS) Energy Consumed Per Day (kWh) 1 Ceiling Fan 8 80 0.80 512.00 8 4.10 2 Electric Cooker 1 3000 1.00 3000.00 4 12.00 3 Water Heater 5 2000 0.80 8000.00 2 16.00 4 15A Socket Outlet For Air Condition 8 746 0.80 4774.40 12 57.29 5 Extractor Fan 5 40 0.80 160.00 3 0.48 6 13A Socket Outlet 28 220 0.80 4928.00 10 49.28 7 Indoor Lighting 34 15 0.80 408.00 15 6.12 8 Outdoor Lighting 10 20 1.00 200.00 12 2.40 9 Mirror Lighting 4 10 0.80 32.00 1 0.03 TOTAL 22,014.40 147.70 Table 4: Comparison of Energy Demand with Conventional and Energy-Efficient Load S/N Electrical Load Type Energy Demand with Conventional Load (W) Energy Demand with Energy Saving Load (W) Energy Saved (W) 1 Ceiling Fan 640.00 512.00 128.00 2 Electric Cooker 6000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3 Water Heater 16000.00 8000.00 8000.00 4 15A Socket Outlet For Air Condition 6400.00 4774.40 1625.60 5 Extractor Fan 400.00 160.00 240.00 6 13A Socket Outlet 6720.00 4928.00 1792.00 7 Indoor Lighting 652.80 408.00 244.80 8 Outdoor Lighting 1000.00 200.00 800.00 9 Mirror Lighting 57.60 32.00 25.60 TOTAL 37,870.40 22,014.40 15,856.00 Table 5: Apparent Power, Current and Cost Analysis for Four – Bedroom Apartment Total Energy Demand (W) Reactive Power (VAR) Apparent Power (VA) Current (A) Total Energy Consumed Per Day (kWh) Daily Energy Consumption Cost (₦) Conventional Load 37,870.40 28,402.80 47,338.00 65.86 233.29 6,002.77 Energy- Efficient Load 22,014.40 16,510.80 27,518.00 38.28 147.70 3,800.47 Reduction 15,856.00 11,892.00 19,820.00 27.58 85.59 2,202.30 Percentage Total Energy Demand saved = 15414 .40 37356 .80 × 100 = 41.26% Percentage Total Energy Consumed per day saved = 71,93 218.24 × 100 = 32.96%
- 4. Olanipekun BA et al Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2020, 7(2):165-170 Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 168 Results and Discussion Figure 1: Comparison of Energy Demand with Conventional and Energy-Efficient Load Figure 2: Percentage Energy Saved by Each Electrical Load Figure 3: Comparison of Conventional Components and Energy Efficient Components
- 5. Olanipekun BA et al Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2020, 7(2):165-170 Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 169 Load evaluation of four-bedroom apartments in Nigeria with conventional load was used to estimate energy demand, reactive power, apparent power, Current and daily energy consumption when compared with load evaluation of the same apartment using an energy efficient load. It is observed that there is a significant decrease in energy demand and daily energy consumption by using energy efficient load for electrical services, and result of the analysis shows that the Total maximum demand saved 15,856W (15.86kW), Reactive power saved 11,892VA (11.89kVAR), Apparent power saved 19,820VA (19.82kVA), Current saved 27.58A and Energy consumed per day saved 85.59kWh. The cost of electricity per day is ₦6,002.77 using conventional load and ₦3,800.47 using an energy efficient load. The energy efficient loads have saved the occupant of the apartment ₦2,202.30 electricity bill. Hence, 41.87% of total energy demand is saved and 36.69% of daily energy consumption is saved if the energy efficient loads were used as an alternative to conventional load for that four- bedroom apartment. Conclusion Evaluation of Electrical services using energy efficient load for four-bedroom apartment has been attempted and carried out. The positive impact of using energy-efficient load will produce a very favourable result because it reduces energy demand and energy consumption. It is an important method of using available electrical energy in a more efficient way and it will benefit not only the consumers or Utility companies but also the nation as well. This paper suggested proper awareness of using energy-efficient load by electricity customers because it reduces electricity bill, it enables utility companies to meet the power demand of many consumers, it reduces the number of blackouts due to overloading, it improves network reliability, it delays construction of new power plant and it reduces Cable, Transformer and Generator capacity. Hence, proper energy efficient culture should be embraced to boost the nation’s energy needs as well as provides energy independence. References [1]. Gaurav Gaur, Rintu Khanna, and Jaimala Gambhir. A Review on Demand Side Management Solution to Power Utilities, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET), Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2016. [2]. Eze, C.U.; Aguw, D. D. and Uzoechi, L.O. A New Proposed Demand Side Management Technique, International Journal of Engineering Science and Emerging Technologies (IJESET), Volume 8, Issue 6, May 2016, Page: 271-281 [3]. Adejumobi I.A.; Wara, S.T.; Adebisi, O.I.; and Akinwande, O.A. Economics of Using Energy Saving Loads for Electrical Services, Umudike Journal of Engineering and Technology (UJET), Volume 2, No. 1, June 2016, Page: 144-152. [4]. Najeem O. Adelakun and Banji A. Olanipekun. Outage Analysis and System Disturbances on 330 kV and 132 kV Transmission System in Nigeria, European Journal of Engineering Research and Science (EJERS), Vol. 5, Issue 1. Jan 2020, Pp 100-102 [5]. Najeem O. Adelakun.; Banji A. Olanipekun. and Samuel O. Asogba. Design of an Electrical Installation of a Storey Building, International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management (IJETRM), Volume 4, Issue1, Jan 2020, Page: 28-38. [6]. Banji A. Olanipekun and Najeem O. Adelakun. (2020) Assessment of Renewable Energy in Nigeria: Challenges and Benefits, International Journal of Engineering Trends & Technology (IJETT), Vol. 68, Issue 1. Jan 2020, Pp 64 - 67 [7]. Cletus U. Okoye and Najeem O. Adelakun. Design and Evaluation of Electrical Services for an Energy Efficient Home, Iconic Research and Engineering Journals (IRE JOURNALS), Volume 3, Issue 6, Dec 2019, Page: 95-102 [8]. Abanihi, K. V.; Kokoette, E. D.; Agibodion, D. O. and Samuel, D. R. Electrical Services Design of Energy Efficient Homes: A Case Study of Crow Estate in Igbinedion University Nigeria, Electrical and Information Engineering Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. 2015 [9]. Theraja, B. L. and A.K. Theraja (2005). A textbook of Electrical Technology, First Multicolour Edition, S. Chand & Company Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi, India.
- 6. Olanipekun BA et al Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2020, 7(2):165-170 Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 170 [10]. Uppal, S.L. and Garg, G.C. Electrical wiring estimating and costing. Khanna Publishers: New Delhi, India. 2011 [11]. Odunsi, J. A. and Babalola, J. O. Electrical installation, design and drafting, 3rd Edition, Tony Terry Prints, Nigeria. 2005 [12]. https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/nigeria/electricity_prices/ [Accessed February 4,2020]