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- 1. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY TOPIC- EXCRETORYSYSTEM BY, Dr.Deepak Bhataniya Assistant Professor Department of Physiology
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- 3. Excretory System How doesthe excretory system maintain homeostasis? –It regulates heat, water, salt, acid-base concentrations and metabolite concentrations
- 4. Removal of MetabolicWaste The Kidney’s play a crucial role in removing waste, balancing blood pH, and maintaining water balance. The Liver transforms ingested toxins and hazardous products of protein breakdown into compounds that can be eliminated by the kidneys. The Lungs remove carbon dioxide.
- 5. ORGANS OF EXCRETION Skinand associated glands: Removes heat and salts Lungs: Removes carbon dioxide
- 6. Kidneys (part ofthe Urinary system): MAJOR excretory organs that excrete metabolic wastes, regulate water-salt balance and acid-base balance. Liver: Removes metabolic wastes ORGANS OF EXCRETION
- 8. Males vs. Females Male’surethra= sperm and urine Female’s urethra= urine and reproductive tract are separate.
- 9. PARTS OF THE URINARYSYSTEM Kidneys: filter blood to produce urine. Ureters: carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
- 10. PARTS OF THE URINARYSYSTEM Urinary Bladder: stores urine. Urethra: carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
- 11. IMPORTANT BLOOD VESSELS Renal Artery:carries contaminated blood into the kidney. Renal Vein: carries purified blood from the kidney and returns it back into circulation by way of the inferior vena cava.
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- 13. KIDNEY PARTS Cortex: theouter part Medulla: the middle part Pelvis: the inner cavity where urine collects
- 14. MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEYS 1.Filters blood of: Urea – formed in the liver from the breakdown of ammonia Creatinine – formed in the muscles Uric Acid – formed as a result of the breakdown of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
- 15. 2. Controls thebalance of water in our bodies 3. Regulates pH of the blood 4. Regulates the concentration of dissolved ions in the blood MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEYS
- 16. 5. Secretes ahormone that causes a production of red blood cells 6. Activates Vitamin D production in the skin MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEYS
- 17. NEPHRONS Tiny filtering unitscalled nephrons fill the cortex and medulla of the kidney. Each kidney contains 1 to 1.25 million nephrons.
- 18. Each nephron is composedof 5 main parts: Bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule & collecting duct
- 19. Nephron Afferent arteriole (bringingblood in) Glomerulus: ball of capillaries Efferent arteriole (blood out to Loop of Henle) Bowman’s Capsule: carries filtrate (filtered waste) Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle: exposed to capillaries to reabsorb water Distal Convoluted tubule Collecting duct
- 21. How urine ismade Filtration –Glomerulus to Bowman’s Capsule –Small substances pass (ions, water, glucose, amino acids) through diffusion –Large substances can’t pass (proteins, blood cells)
- 22. Reabsorption – Reabsorption fromtubules through capillaries – Salts, water, nutrients – Left over filtrate is urine. Elimination – The fluid than enters the collecting duct as urine. It passes through the pelvis into the ureter. – Most of the water, ions and useful nutrients (glucose, amino acids) have been reabsorbed. How urine is made
- 23. Secretion –To maintain pH, –H+,potassium, ammonium ions secreted into tubule How urine is made
- 24. Hormones of Kidney Vassopressin(antidiuretic hormone - ADH) –Controls volume of urine –Reabsorbs water from collecting duct –Concentrates urine if dehydrated Aldosterone –Reabsorbs sodium and water – increases blood pressure and volume
- 25. Control of WaterBalance When water levels are too low: 1) The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete a hormone called anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). ADH travels through blood to kidneys.
- 26. 2) ADH increasesthe permeability of the tubules and collecting ducts 3) More water is reabsorbed into the blood so the urine is more concentrated Control of Water Balance
- 27. When water levelsare too high: 1)Hypothalamus doesn’t stimulate ADH secretion 2)Little water is reabsorbed into the blood so the urine is more dilute. Control of Water Balance
- 28. 200mL: stretches slightly andsignals to the brain. 400mL: almost full and stretch receptors send a more urgent message. 600mL: voluntary control is lost.