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Experimental Research Design
This document discusses experimental research design. Experimental research is used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships between variables by manipulating an independent variable and observing its effect on a dependent variable. There are three main types of experimental designs: pre-experimental, true experimental, and quasi-experimental. Pre-experimental designs lack random assignment and control groups. True experiments randomly assign participants to experimental and control groups. Quasi-experiments do not use random assignment. Within each type are multiple specific designs that differ in their use of pre-testing, post-testing, and control groups. Experimental methods like blinding and placebos are used to reduce bias.
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Experimental Research Design
- 1.
- 2. Learning Objectives At theend of this lesson, learners are expected to: a. identify experimental research and its designs; b. examine a sample quantitative research depicting an experimental research design;
- 3. Experimental research isone of the most known research designs mainly because it is a classical scientific experiment that is like the activities performed in science classes (Formplus Blog, 2020).
- 4. Experimental research isused to investigate the cause and effect relationship between the variables. It is also known as intervention because you do more than just observe the subject. Unlike in descriptive research, this design manipulates one variable to see if it influences the other variable. A factor treatment is introduced into the research investigation and the researcher attempt to isolate the effects of such treatment by means of control (Faltado et al. 2017).
- 5. For example, aresearcher wishes to find out if incorporating mobile games to a normal class activity could increase the class performance of the students. Since a researcher induce a certain change using mobile games, he/she is intervening with normal class activity.
- 6. Experimental research isused when: (1) There is time priority in a causal relationship (cause precedes effect); (2) to establish the existence of a cause- and- effect relationship between two variables; (3) You plan to do manipulation with the variables
- 7. Three Main Partsof Experiments Independent and Dependent Variables Pretesting and Post testing 1 2 Experimental and Control Group 3 According to Wikibooks (2019) and Colombo Plan Staff College (2018), the most customary experiments are:
- 8. ▪ Independent variable.It is a manipulated variable that incurs change in dependent variable. It is the “experimental stimulus”. ▪ Dependent variable. It is a variable being studied in the experiment. It is expected to change when independent variable is manipulated.
- 9. ▪ Pretesting. Itis the initial measurement of dependent variables among the participants of the study. ▪ Post testing. It is the re-measurement of dependent variables among the participants of the study after they have been introduced to independent variables.
- 10. ▪ Experimental group.This is the group exposed to the influence of intervention or treatment. This group was used in administering the independent variable. ▪ Control group. This group is not exposed to any intervention or treatment. ▪ It is important to keep a close look to both group during experimental period.
- 11. Types of ExperimentalResearch Design As mentioned in the works of Faltado et al. (2017) and Colombo Plan Staff College (2018), here are the types of experimental research design used in quantitative research. Pre- experimental Research Design One-shot design One group pretest- posttest design Static group comparison design
- 12. Pre-experimental Research Design. Thisis the simplest form of experimental research design and usually conducted without a control group. This research design is further divided into three types.
- 13. One-shot design This designincludes only one group (experimental group) that is exposed to treatment and sometime after, a posttest is given to determine the effects of the treatment.
- 14. One group pretest-posttestdesign This design includes only one group (experimental group) that is exposed to a treatment. The results of the pretest and posttest are compared to determine the effects of the treatment.
- 15. Static group comparisondesign This design includes two groups (one experimental group and the other is a control group). Both groups are given a posttest. The posttest results of both groups are compared to determine the effects of the treatment.
- 16. True Experimental Research Design Pre-test/Post-test Control Group Design Posttest-Only Control Group Design Solomon Four-Group Design Types of Experimental Research Design As mentioned in the works of Faltado et al. (2017) and Colombo Plan Staff College (2018), here are the types of experimental research design used in quantitative research.
- 17. True Experimental Research Design.This is the most accurate experimental research design. The distribution of samples for this design must be random. The classification of this design is divided into three types.
- 18. Pre-test/ Post-test ControlGroup Design This design requires two groups in equal standing (one control group and one experimental group). Both groups will be given a pre-test. During the experimental period, only the experimental group will receive the treatment. After the experimental period, both groups will be given a posttest. Then the researcher may now compare the result of the post-test of both groups.
- 19. Posttest-Only Control GroupDesign This design includes two groups in equal standing (one control group and one experimental group). Both groups are not given pretests but both groups are given a posttest after the exposure of the experimental group to the intervention or treatment.
- 20. Solomon Four-Group Design Itmakes use of four groups in equal standing (two experimental groups and two control groups). The first two groups are tested using the pretest-posttest method and the last two groups are tested using the posttest only method. After experimental plan, the posttest results of four groups are compared.
- 21. Quasi- Experimental Research Design Matching only design Time-series design Types ofExperimental Research Design As mentioned in the works of Faltado et al. (2017) and Colombo Plan Staff College (2018), here are the types of experimental research design used in quantitative research.
- 22. Quasi-Experimental Research Design. Thisdesign does not include the use of randomization in assigning the participants of the study. This was used when the setting of the study is impossible to involve the process of randomization. This design is divided into two.
- 23. Matching only design Theresearchers still match the subjects in the experimental group and control group on some variables but cannot be assured that they are equivalent to others.
- 24. Time-series design This designis usually an expansion of the one-group pretest-posttest design. If the group score essentially the same in the pretests and the consistently improve in the posttests, the researcher may have more confidence in claiming that the treatment causes the improvement than if only one pretest and on posttest were given.
- 25. Experimental Methods Blind Experiment.It is used to ensure the validity of the test. According to Bacli (2019), it specifically combats two internal validity threats: • Experimenter Bias – the experimenter expectation causes the study to be biased. • Participant Bias – The desire of the participants to become “good participants” causes the study to be biased.
- 26. Single Blind Experiment DoubleBlind Experiment a method where either the participants or the experimenters are blind to the manipulation being made a method where both the participants and experimenters are blind to the manipulation being made. One of the researchers act as the coordinator to the participants, but he/she cannot share the information to other researchers.
- 27. Placebo Group a groupof participants being told that they are receiving a treatment, when in fact, they are not. The result from this group will be compared to the real experimental group. So, if the experimental group shows better result compared to the placebo group, then the treatment works.
- 28. References Ballera, Charlene B.,Mary Jane A. Dalisay, Jonalyn D. Gungon, and Renee Rose C. Reyes. 2019. Practical Research 2: Learning Module for Senior High School. Unpublish. Faltado III, Reuben E., Medardo B. Bombita, Helen B. Boholano, and Angeline Pogoy. 2017 Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research for SHS), 64-68. Cubao, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing. FormPlus Blog. 2020. Experimental research designs: Types, examples & methods. https://www.formpl.us/blog/experimental-research Colombo Plan Staff College. 2018. Research in TVET Made Easy (3rd Edition). Metro Manila, Philippines: CPSC. https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/62742593/research-in-tvetmade-easy Wikibooks. 2020. Social Research Methods/Experiments. Last modified 19 January 2020. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Social_Research_Methods/Experiments
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