Fabric Cutting
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This document provides information about different cutting methods and knives used in fabric cutting. It introduces various fully manual and computerized cutting methods, including straight knives, round knives, band knives, die cutting, notchers, drills, laser cutting, water jet cutting, and plasma torch cutting. For each method, it describes the features, working principles, advantages, and disadvantages. The document is presented by a group of students and contains their names and student IDs.
Fabric Cutting
- 1. Welcome To Our Presentation On “Cutting method & knife” Prepared For: Jenifar Amman Southeast University Prepared By: Group: 05 Batch: 13th -1 Department Of Textile Engineering
- 2. WE ARE… Name Of The Student ID. Md. Ubaydur Rahman 2010000400039 Md. Salim Azad Didar 2010000400038 Md. Foisal Mridha 2010000400037 Md. Moniruzjaman Piash 2010000400034 Md. Naimul Islam 2010000400032
- 3. FABRIC CUTTING To make a complete garments, cutting is necessary. It means to cut out the garment pieces from lays of the fabric with the help of cutting templates. In garments industries fabric is cut from lay and spreading with accuracy and properly which is termed as fabric cutting. Object: To separate fabric parts from the spread of the lay according to the dimension of the marker Requirements Of Cutting: Precession of cut Clean edge Infused edge Consistency in cutting Support of the lay
- 4. TYPES OF CUTTING METHOD Fully Manual Hand operated scissor Manually Operated Power Knife Straight knife Band knife Round knife Die cutting Notcher Drill Computerized Methods Of Fabric Cutting Computer controlled knife cutting Cutting by Laser beam Cutting by Water jet Cutting by Plasma torch
- 5. HAND OPERATED SCISSOR Features: First & oldest method of fabric cutting Used for cutting one or two plies of fabric Available to cut the fabric from left to right or right to left Can be cut by scissor Needs more time & contain high cost Used in tailoring & household purpose to cut fabric
- 6. STRAIGHT KNIFE Features: The elements of straight knife consists of: 1. An electric motor 2. Stand 3. A base plate usually on rollers 4. Handle 5. Knife 6. Knife Guard 7. Wheel Knife is driven by electric power Grinding wheel is present to sharp the knife during cutting Blade edge: straight edge, wave edge, saw edge, serrated edge Straight edge is mostly used Blade stroke 2.5 to 4.5 cm Can cut heavy fabric such as canvas & denim
- 7. STRAIGHT KNIFE Working Principal: Two kind of powers are required to operate a Straight Knife Motor power drive the reciprocating knife Operator power drives the knife through the lay The motor power needed is determined by Height of the lay Construction of the fabric Curvature of the line being cut Stroke of the blade Greater power of the motor, greater blade movement to cut the fabric
- 8. STRAIGHT KNIFE Advantage: Comparatively cheap & transferred easily from one place to another place Higher lay of fabric can be cut easily Round corner can be cut more precisely then even round knife Production speed is very good & fabric can be cut from any angle Disadvantage: Some time deflection may occur due to the weight o the motor Knife deflection is high in risk, when lay height is too high Sometime accident may happen
- 9. DIFFERENT TYPES OF KNIFE Round Knife: Straight Knife: Wave knife Straight knife Notch knife
- 10. BAND KNIFE Features: Band knife comprises a series of three or more pulleys, powered by electric motor Cutting knife is endless in shape & flexible Blade is usually narrower then on a straight knife This method m/c is stationary but fabric is moveable This is like saw mill cutter
- 11. BAND KNIFE Advantage: Used when a higher standard of cutting accuracy is required Extensively used to cut very sharp corners small parts such as collars & cuff Used more in men’s wear than ladies wear Intensively risk of accident is low Possible to cut 90˚ angle of the fabric Disadvantage: Work load is high as m/c is stationary & fabric is moveable Not suitable for cutting large amount of garments parts Not possible to cut fabric directly Fabric wastage is high Power loss is high
- 12. ROUND KNIFE Features: Element of round knife: Base plate & Electric motor Handle for the cutter to direct the blade Rotating circular blade Blade diameter varies from 6-20 cm Blade is circular Blade is driven by electric power Circular knife is driven by 1000-3500 cm
- 13. ROUND KNIFE Advantage: Suitable for single ply cutting as well as multilayers (say 20-30 layers) Suitable for small scale cutting Suitable gentle curve cutting Easy to operate Useful for cutting layer parts of a garments Disadvantage: Not suitable for cutting very curve lines in higher no. of lays Not suitable for higher production Possibility of accident is high Difficult to cut small component Needs skilled operator
- 14. DIE CUTTING Features: Mainly two types of die cuttings are available namely: Presses & Clickers Main parts of all die cutting m/c are Blade, Ram Head, Die, Motor & Operating System of Ram Die is made by metallic strip Most useful to cut sharp & small parts
- 15. DIE CUTTING Working Principal: Die is prepared with metal strip according to the shape of pattern Die press generally has a cutting die just penetrates the cutting pad in order that the fibers of the lowest ply are completely separated For die cutting, the spreader spreads a lay to the required placement of dies The spread is cut into sections to allow transport to the cutting pad The gap between two dies 2-3 mm are placed when die is taken to cut fabric lay
- 16. DIE CUTTING Advantage: Extensively used to cut sharp corners of small parts of dress accurately Most useful to cut at any shape or any angle Comparatively less time required Best method of cutting knitted fabric Disadvantage: Fabric loss is high due to the need of block of fabric lay High labor cost To change the style quickly is impossible Difficult to cut large components of dress
- 17. NOTCHER CUTTING M/C Features: Special type of cutting m/c & used in special case Used to cut notch in the edge of some components The invention of notcher m/c was done to make notch The notch can be made in U-shape or V-shape
- 18. NOTCHER CUTTING M/C Advantage: Special type of cutting m/c & used in special case Useful to cut small notch to the fabric Most useful to make consistency in notching Disadvantage: Only used to make notch Thermoplastic fiber can not cut by this m/c Time loss Use of the m/c is limited
- 19. DRILL CUTTING M/C Features: Needed to mark on the end of components of dresses especially for pocket & dart setting This m/c contains a motor, base plate, drill, & spirit level For tightly woven fabric, making of hole by drill is permanent for long In hypodermic drill some color is sprayed along with the hole so that it can easy to find the marked place
- 20. DRILL CUTTING M/C Advantage: Needed to mark on the end of components of dresses especially for setting pocket & dart Make the hole permanently for long time Disadvantage: Only used for making hole in the fabric especially for setting pocket & dart For loose woven fabric it can not make the hole permanently for long time
- 21. COMPUTER CONTROLLED KNIFE CUTTING Features: This method provide the most accurate possible cutting at high speed Marker is not necessary to put over the fabric lays during cutting Cutting knife is oval shaped & very hard. Sharpness is also high & blade is made of stainless steel Cutting knife itself moves according to the direction of computer memory This m/c is CAM system m/c & works through CAD system
- 22. COMPUTER CONTROLLED KNIFE CUTTING Advantage: Very fast cutting operation Very active cutting by computer controlled system Suitable for very large scale production Speed of can be controlled Intensity of accident is low No need of marker Fabric can be cut 6-8 times than manual method Less labor cost Disadvantage: Very expensive m/c Higher maintenance cost Skilled manpower is required If correct disc is not loaded in the computer, error will be indicated
- 23. CUTTING BY LASER BEAM Features: This method, fabric is cut by a ray of light in a very fine spot using a laser Radius of spot of light is 0.25 mm & high powerful When the ray falls on a material, it generates heat on the material & cutting is done by vaporization Fabric is cut at a speed of 13 meter per min Cutting head is controlled by computer
- 24. CUTTING BY LASER BEAM Advantage: Very fast cutting operation Can be cut in a proper line as the cutting head is controlled by computer As the fabric is cut by ray off high so that no need of sharpening operation Disadvantage: Not suitable for cutting of multi-layer of fabric For thermoplastic fabric the cutting edge should be fused Very expensive cutting method
- 25. CUTTING BY WATER JET Features: This system, thin jet of water is passes through a nozzle in a very momentum Pressure of water is 60,000 pounds per square inch Water is worked as like as hard & sharp knife which can easily cut the fabric A catcher in the bottom of fabric lays & it used with the same speed & the same direction of water jet
- 26. CUTTING BY WATER JET Advantage: Higher cutting speed There is no need of knife to cut fabric so that no need of sharpening operations Better to cut hard material Disadvantage: Not suitable for higher depth of lay of fabric Cutting edge of fabric is wetted by water Sometimes water spot should be seen in the fabric Need of filtering & deionization of water Need of controlling the sound of jet
- 27. CUTTING BY PLASMA TORCH Features: This system, fabric are cut by a thin through the nozzle which is made by Argon gas One or more fabric plies can be cut Most useful for cutting single ply of fabric Fabrics are cut by placing in a table, the surface (85%) of which must be place in a perforated blanked place Still now, this system is under research
- 28. CUTTING BY PLASMA TORCH Advantage: Automatic torch height control system Automatic oxy-fuel gas control system Automatic torch explosion system Pneumatic band clamping Standard auto-nesting package Easily networked Disadvantage: Synthetic fiber not cut Higher number of fabric lay is not cut Need higher skill operator Costly