Family

Anshu Shukla
Assistant Professor
VKM , Kamachha
4/6/2021 1
Anshu Shukla, vkm kamachha

Family
Of all human groups the family is the most important
primary group.
It is the simplest and the most elementary form of society.
It is an outstanding primary group, because, it is in the
family that the child develops is basic attitudes.
It provides for the most enduring relationship in the one
form or other.
It is a small social group consisting ordinarily of a father,
mother, and one or more children.
The word “Family” has been taken over form the ‘Roman’
word “Famulus” means a servant.
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Definition of Family
MacIver – “Family is a group defined by a sex relationship
sufficiently precise and enduring to provide for the
procreation and upbringing of children”.
Nimkoff – “Family is a more or less durable association of
husband and wife with or without children or of a man or
women alone, with children.
Clare – “Family is a system of relationship existing
between parents and children”.
Eliott and Merrill – “Family is the logical social unit
composed of husband, wife and children”.
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Characteristics of Family
A mating relationship: A family comes into existence when a
man and woman establish mating relation between them.
A form of marriage: Mating relationship is established through
the institution of marriage.
A system of nomenclature: Every family is known by a name and
has its own system of reckoning descent. Descent may be
consider through the male or female line.
An economic provision: The head of the family carries on certain
profession and earns money to maintain the family.
A common habitation (surroundings): A family requires a home
or house-hold for its living. Without a dwelling place the task of
child bearing and child rearing cannot be adequately performed.
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Nature of Family
Universality
Emotional Basis
Limited size
Formative influence
Nuclear position
Responsibilities of the members
Social regulation
Permanent and Temporary
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Functions of Family
MacIver divides the functions of the family into Two categories:
●Essential
○ Satisfaction of sex needs.
○ Production and raring of children.
○ Provision of home.
●Non-essential
○ Economic.
○ Religious.
○ Educational.
○ Health.
○ Recreation.
○ Civic.
○ Social.
○ Role of socialization.
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Essential functions of Family
Satisfaction of sex need:
●Manu, the Ancient Indian Law-giver, regarded
sexual satisfaction as the aim of family.
●Vatsyayan also looked upon sexual satisfaction
as the primary objective of the family.
●Satisfaction of sex instinct brings the desire for
life-long partnership among male and female.
●The satisfaction of sex instinct makes for normal
personality.
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Production and rearing of children.
●The Hindu scriptures hold that the religious
activities of man cannot be consummated unless
he has a son.
●They permit a second marriage is there is no
issue from the first wife.
●Family is an institution par excellence for the
production and rearing of children.
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Provision of a home:
●The psychologist hold that probably the greatest
single cause of emotional difficulties, behaviour
problems is lack of love, that is, lack of a warm,
affectionate relationship within a small circle of
intimate associates.
●The family satisfies the need for affection by
human beings.
●Man after the hard toil of the day returns home
where in the center of his wife and children he
sheds off his fatigue.
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Non-essential functions of
Family
Economic:
●It serves as an economic unit.
●In the traditional family most of the goods for
consumption were made at home.
Religion:
●The family performs is of a religious character.
●It is the centre of religious training of the children.
Educational:
●The child learns letters under the guidance of
parents.
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Non-essential functions of Family
Health:
●A sick man was cared for in the family, by his
own kith and kin.
Recreation:
●Family provides recreation to its members.
●They use to sing and dance together and
visit the family relations.
Civic:
●The qualities of love, co-operation, toleration,
sacrifice, obedience and discipline are first
learn by the child in the family.
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Non-essential functions of Family
Social:
●Family imparts the knowledge of social, mores
etc., to the coming generation.
●Its exercises social control over its members.
Role of family in Socialization:
●The family on account of its several
characteristics is of strategic importance in
socialization.
●E.g. imitation, suggestion, language etc.,
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Types of Family
On the basis of Authority.
On the basis of Structure.
On the basis of Residence.
On the basis of Marriage.
On the basis of Ancestry.
On the basis of In-group and Out-group.
On the basis of Blood Relations.
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Types of family
On the basis of Authority:
●Patriarchal – male dominant, female subordinate.
●Matriarchal – female dominant, male subordinate.
On the basis of Structure:
●Nuclear – husband, wife with or without children.
●Join Family or Extended family – two Nuclear family.
On the basis of Residence:
●Patrilocal – wife goes to husband’s house for live.
●Matrilocal – husband goes to wife’s house for live.
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Types of family
On the basis of Marriage:
●Monogamous – one man marry one woman.
●Polygamous – one man marry two or more women.
●Polyandrous: - one woman marry two or more men.
On the basis of Ancestry:
●Patrilineal – ancestry continues through the father.
●Matrilineal – ancestry continues through the
mother.
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Types of Family
On the basis of In-group and Out-group:
●Endogamous – sanctions marriage only among
members of the in-group.
●Exogamous – sanctions marriage of members of
an in-group with members of an out-group.
On the basis of Blood Relationships:
●Conjugal family – consists of spouses, their
offspring and relatives through marriage.
●Consanguineous family – consists of blood
relatives together with heir mates and children.
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Joint Family
The family in India does not consist only of husband,
wife and their children but also of uncles, aunts and
cousins and grandsons.
This system called Joint family or extended family
system, is a peculiar characteristic of the Indian social
life.
A son after marriage does not usually separate himself
from the parents but continues to stay with them under
the same roof and holding property in common.
The earnings of all the members are put in a common
fund out of which family expenses are met.
The family in India is based on Patrilineal descent.
4/6/2021 17

Definition of Joint Family
Iravati Karve – “A Joint Family is a group of
people who generally live under one roof, who eat
food cooked at one hearth, who hold property in
common and who participate in common worship
and are related to each other as some particular
type of kindred”.
I.P. Desai – “we call that household a joint family
which has greater generation depth than
individual family and the members of which are
related to one another by property, income and
mutual rights and obligations”.
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Characteristics of Joint
Family:-
Large Size.
Joint Property.
Common Residence.
Co-operative Organization.
Common Religion.
A Productive Unit.
Mutual Rights and Obligations.
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Characteristics of Joint Family
Large size:
●Joint family consists of parents, children, grand children
and other near relatives along with their women.
Joint Property:
●The ownership, production and consumption of wealth
lakes place on a joint basis.
Common Residence:
●Joint family usually live under same roof.
Co-operative Organization:
●Joint family system is co-operation.
4/6/2021 20

Characteristics of Joint Family
Common religion:
●Joint family believe in the same religion and worship
similar deities.
A productive Unit:
●All the members work at one and the same field.
●Joint family is found among agricultural families.
Mutual Rights and Obligations:
●The rights and obligations of the members of joint
family are the same.
●If one female member works in the kitchen, the other
does the laundry work, and the third one look after the
children.
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Merits of Joint Family
System:-
Ensures Economic Progress.
Division of Labour.
Economy.
Opportunity of Leisure.
Social Insurance.
Social virtures (moral quality).
Avoids Fragmentation of Holdings.
Socialism.
4/6/2021 22

Demerits of Joint Family:-
Home for Idlers.
Hindrance in the development of
personality.
Encourages Litigation.
Leads to Quarrels.
Privacy denied.
Unfavourable to accumulation of capital.
Un-controlled procreation.
4/6/2021 23

Factors of Disintegration
of Joint Family:-
Industrialization.
Extension of Communication & Transport.
Decline of agriculture & Village Trades.
Impact of the West.
New Social Legislation.
4/6/2021 24

Nuclear Family
The individual nuclear family is a universal social
phenomenon. It also called Modern Family.
A nuclear family is one which consists of the
husband, wife and their children.
The children leave the parents as soon as they are
married.
A nuclear family is an autonomous unit free from
the control of elders.
There is minimum interdependence between them.
E.g. American family
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Blended Family
A social unit consisting of two previously married parents
and the children of their former marriages.
The term Blended family or Step Family describes
families with mixed parents: one or both parents
remarried, bringing children of the former family into the
new family
A Stepfamily is the family one acquires when a parent
enters a new marriage, whether the parent was widowed
or divorced.
For example, if one's father dies and one's mother
marries another man, the new man is one's stepfather
and vice versa.
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Extended Family
An extended family can be viewed as a merger of several
nuclear families.
An extended family may be crammed into a single house,
or it may occupy a cluster of houses within an extended
family compound.
There are two types of extended family.
●Small extended family.
○ May included an old man and his wife, their son, the son’s wife
and the son’s children.
●Large extended family.
○ May include the old man and his wives, their unmarried children
and married sons, and the son’s wives along with their unmarried
children.
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The modern Family:-
The family has undergone some radical
changes in the past half a century.
Its structure has changed, its functions have been
altered and its nature has been affected.
That is various factors – social, economic,
educational, legal, cultural, scientific,
technological etc.,
The modern family is democratic bases on
equality between husband and wife.
4/6/2021 28

Changes or features of
Modern Family
Decreased control of the marriage contract.
Changes in the relationship of man and
woman.
Laxity in sex relationships.
Economic independence.
Smaller family.
Decline of religious control.
Separation of non-essential functions.
Filocentric family.
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Changes or Features of
Modern Family
Decreased control of the marriage contract:
●The modern family people are less subject to the
parental control concerning whom and when they will
marry.
Changes in the relationship of man and woman:
●In modern family the woman is not the devotee to
man but an equal partner in life with equal rights.
Laxity in sex relationships:
●Illegitimate sex relationship of the husband and wife
too can be seen in modern family.
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Changes or Features of
Modern Family
Economic independence:
●Women in modern family have attained an increasing
degree of economic independence.
Smaller family:
●The modern family is a smaller family.
Decline of religious control:
●The modern family is secular in attitude.
●The religious rites of the traditional family such as early
prayer, yagya etc., are not longer performed in modern
family.
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Changes or Features
of Modern Family
Separation of non-essential functions:
●The traditional family functions have now been taken
over by specialized agencies.
●Hospital offers room for the birth of child.
●The kindergarten he is educated.
●The playground he recreates.
Filocentric family:
●Filocentric family is one wherein the children tend to
dominate the scene and their wishes determine the
policy of the family.
4/6/2021 32

Family

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Family