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Federalism and Power sharing for Teacher training.pdf
The document outlines a capacity building program focused on social science, particularly on federalism and power sharing in India, targeting Class 10 students. It emphasizes inquiry-based learning, critical thinking, interdisciplinary approaches, and the importance of understanding the Indian Constitution and democracy. The document also details pedagogical strategies for teaching federalism, challenges to Indian federalism, and recent developments in cooperative federalism.
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Federalism and Power sharing for Teacher training.pdf
- 1. CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAM TGTSOCIAL SCIENCE SCERT DELHI POWER SHARING AND FEDERALISM
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- 3. AIMS OF SOCIALSCIENCE (NCF-2023) Critical Thinking and Reflection Inquiry-based learning Interdisciplinary approach Use of diverse resources and methods Contextual and localised learning LO C A L - REGIONAL- N AT I O N A L -GLOBAL Promoting empathyand values AssessmentFor Learning Focus on active Citizenship Colaborative learning environment Use of Technology
- 4. ACCORDING TO NCF2023, COMPETENCIES Inquiry-based learning: students will ask questions, explore multiple perspective Critical Thinking and Reflection: analyse, critique and engage with different interpretations of historical events, social language it helps them to see structure etc Interdisciplinary approach: use of different subjects like science, mathematics, the interconnection between different domains of knowledge, fostering more holistic understanding of social issues and events. Use of diverse resouces and methods: maps, textbooks, infographics, documentaries, local case studies, field visits, and digital content.
- 5. ACCORDING TO NCF2023 SOCIAL SCIENCE CONTD. ❑Promoting empathy and values: It aims to develop empathy in students by helping them understand and respect the lives, struggle and aspirations of different communities. ❑Contextual and Localised learning: Local-Regional-National-Global ❑Focus on active citizenship Colaborative learning environment: students will work together on projects, case studies, group discussion, learn each others perspectives, build comunication skills. Use of technology: integration of digital tools and technology, use of multimedia presentation, online resources, interactive maps, digital story telling ❑Assessment for learning: formative assessments, reflective journals, project presentations, quiz, etc.
- 6. FEDERALISM संघवाद 01 Content: Federalism 02 Curricular goals: Understands the IndianConstitution and explores the essence of Indian democracy and the characteristics of a democratic government 03 Competency: Appreciates fundamental Constitutional values and identifies their significance for the prosperity of the Indian nation. 04 Learning outcomes: Infer and appreciate how federalism is being practised in India. Analyse and infer policies and politics that has strengthens federalism in practice. 05 Suggestive Pedagogical process: Group discussion on power distribution, presentations. Debate on policies and politics that strengthens Federalism in practice and present through mind map
- 7. INTRODUCTION TO FEDERALISM संघवादका परिचय Definition: Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units of the country. Key Features: ❑Division of powers ❑Dual government system ❑Written constitution ❑Independent judiciary
- 8. WHY FEDERALISM ININDIA? ❑ Diverse Society: India has linguistic, cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity. ❑ Large Geography: To govern effectively over large areas with regional differences. ❑ Ensuring Unity: While respecting regional autonomy and diversity.
- 9. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS SUPPORTINGFEDERALISM 02 Schedule 7: Division of powers between Union and States. 01 Article 1: India is a “Union of States.” 04 Emergency Provisions: During national emergencies, the Union Government has expanded powers. 03 Article 246: Specifies Union, State, and Concurrent Lists.
- 10. TYPES OF FEDERALISM ComingTogether Federalism: Independent states come together to form a larger unit. Power is equally distributed. Examples: USA, Switzerland,Australia. Holding Together Federalism: A large country divides power between the central government and constituent units. The central government is usually more powerful. Examples: India, Spain, Belgium.
- 11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UNITARYAND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT U nitary G ovt. एकात्मक शासन • The government’s power are centralised. • If there are sub units, they are under the control of centre government. • The centre can pass orders or commands to the sub-units. • The central government is supreme and can narrow or broaden the powers of the sub-units. Federal govt. संघात्मक शासन • There are two or more tiers of govt that function independently. • The centre cannot issue commands to the state goernment. • The state governments function independently and are not answerable to the center.
- 12. KEY FEATURES OFFEDERALISM IN INDIA • Two or more levels of government: Union, State, and Local governments. • Division of Powers • Union List (97 subjects now 100 subjects) like defense, foreign affairs, currency, atomic energy etc. • State List (66 subjects now 61) like police, public health, agriculture • Concurrent List (47 subjects now 52) like education, marriage, divorce. • Residuary subjects Computer, software, e-commerce • Independent Judiciary: Supreme Court ensures the division of powers is followed.
- 13. HOW FEDERALISM PRACTISEDIN INDIA? Formation of linguistic States ➢ Since independence, several new states have been formed in india ➢ many states are created to include people who speak the same language and belong to the same region. ➢ these states are known as linguistic states. example: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka etc. Language Policy • Beside Hindi, 21languages are recognised by the constitution as Scheduled language • Hindi is recognised as the official language by the Union government states have their official language. • Govt. work in states take place in the official langugage.
- 14. DECENTRALIZATIONIN INDIA Meaning: whenpower it taken away from central and state government and given to local government. India before decentralization • Political scene was dominated by one party both at the centre and in the states. • As and when the ruling party at the state level was different from the parties the ruled at the centre tried to undermine the power of states. • The central would often misuse the constitution to dismiss the state government those were controlled by opposition parties. • federal power sharing needed another tier of government and hence the government power was decentralised upto the local level. • A major step towards decentralization was taken in 1992. the constitution was amended to make the third- tier of democracy more powerful and effective.
- 15. CENTER-STATERELATIONS AFTER 1990 •Transition from amore centralised federalism toamore decentralised and cooperative federalism • Rise of coalition politics led to increased bargaining power for states. this shift fostered • greater negotiation and collaboration between centre and states. • Economic reforms: states became more active in seeking FDI, setting up Special • Economic Zones (SEZ’s), it reduced states economic dependence on the centre. • Judicial interventions and interpretation of Federalism: landmark judgements have strengthened the federal structure by asserting that federalism is a basic feature of the constitution (S.R.Bommai case 1994). • Use of Article 356president rule became less frequent after judicial safeguards • Administrative reforms and decentralisation in 1992: 73 and 74 constitutional
- 16. • It isconstitutinally mandatory to held regular elections for local government bodies. • An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in each state to conduct panchayat and municipal elections. • Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for the SC, S T and OBC. • Atleast one-third of all position is reserved for women. • The state govts are required to share some powers and revenue with local govt bodies.
- 17. CHALLENGES TO INDIANFEDERALISM • Centralisation of power: dominance of the union government, use of article 356 • Regional Imbalances: Economic and developmental differences among states. • Inter-State Disputes: Over resources like water (Cauvery water dispute). • Role of Governor: Often seen as a representative of the Union government, sometimes causing friction with state governments. • Political differences: different party ruling in centre and states • Demands for statehood and autonomy • Cultural and linguistic diversity • Emerging issues like climate change and resource management
- 18. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ININDIAN FEDERALISM • Panchayati Raj System: Decentralization to local levels 73and 74 constitutional amendments • G S T (Goods and Services Tax): An example of cooperative federalism, with both the Union and States sharing revenues. • Coalition Governments: Encouraging more cooperation between Union and States. • Cooperative Federalism Meaning: All levels of government work togetherfor the benefit of the country. Examples:Planning Commission (now N I T I Aayog) Centrally sponsored schemes (like MGNREGA) • Regional connectivity initiatives: development of regional infrastructure through project like Bharatmala (road network), Sagarmala • Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat • Digital governance and E-Governance initiatives
- 19. CONCLUSION • Federalism allowsfor the accommodation of diversity and ensures better governance by dividing powers. However, it requires a balance between the autonomy of the states and the authority of the central government for effective functioning.
- 20. POWER SHARING सत्ता कीसाझेदािी
- 21. 1 Competency 2 Learning outcomes 3 Suggestive Pedagogical process: 4 POWERSHARING सत्ताकी साझेदािी Curricular goals
- 22. CURRICULAR GOALS OFPOWER SHARING ( CG) सत्ता की साझेदािी संबंधी ल क्ष्य ❑ To Understands the Indian Constitution ❑ To explores the essence of Indian democracy ❑ To understand the characteristics of a democratic government
- 23. COMPETENCY (दक्षता ) Analysesthe basic features of a Democracy and Democratic government Understands the history of democracy in India Compares this form of government with other form of government Understand And analyses the history of de mocracy across the world
- 24. LEARNING OUTCOMES Compare and contrastthe power sharing of India with Sri Lanka and Belgium. Enumerate the need for power sharing in democracy. Analyse the Challenges faced by countries like Belgium and Sri Lanka ensuring effective power sharing. Summarize the purpose of power sharing in preserving the unity and stability of a country
- 25. SUGGESTIVE PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS: ❑ Readrelevant Newspaper articles/ clippings on Power sharing and present the findings in the form of flow chart. ❑Socratic discussion on Power Sharing Techniques used by India, Sri Lanka and Belgium ❑ Classroom discussion on challenges faced by Belgium & Sri Lanka in ensuring effective power sharing ❑Discuss various forms of power- sharing.
- 26. POWER SHARING Important keypoints: • Definition • Why Power Sharing is Important? • Forms of Power Sharing • Power Sharing in Belgium • Power Sharing in Sri Lanka • Types of Power Sharing • Benefits of Power Sharing • Challenges to Power Sharing
- 27. THANK YOU DR SUSHMASINGH LECTURER POLITICAL SCIENCE DOE DELHI