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![Landmarks…
Occiput – it is the occipital bone {back of the head}.the part below the
occipital protuberance [landmark] is known as sub occipital region.
Sinciput – it is the forehead region of frontal head.
Parietal eminence- it is the eminence of parietal bone on either side.
Frontal eminence – it is the eminence of frontal bone on either side.
Occipital eminence – it is the eminence of the occipital bone.
Mentam- it is the chin.
Vertical points-it is the centre of the sagittal suture.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptonfetalskull-200208102119/75/fetal-skull-26-2048.jpg)
![Bibliography..
Marshall j .& Raynor M[2004] Myles textbook for midwife 16th edition London ;
Elsevier.
Verrals S. [2015]. Anatomy and physiology applied to obstetrics 3rd edition
Singapore ; Elsevier.
Winson N.V & McDonald S.2014 Illustrated dictionary of midwifery Edinburgh ;
Elsevier.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/pptonfetalskull-200208102119/75/fetal-skull-29-2048.jpg)
More Related Content
fetal skull
- 1. fetal skull ms. Yashasvikashiv msc nursing 1st year
- 2. Introduction the fetal headis large in relation to the fetal body compared with the adult . adaptation between the fetal skull and the pelvis is necessary to pass through the pelvic during labour with complication .
- 4. Objectives.. The objectives are 1.To Fetal skull molding is important for adaption of fetal head the birth canal during vagina delivery.
- 6. FETALPARTS. The fetal skullconsist of 3 major part…they are Vault – it is a quadrangular area bounded anteriorly by the bregma and coronal sutures behind by the lambda and lambdoid suture and laterally by lines passing through the parietal eminence. It is the commonest presentation. Face –it is an area bonded on one side by the root of the nose and the supra –orbital ridges and on other by junction of the floor of mouth with neck. It is composed of 14 small bone that are also firmly united and not compressed. Base/brow- It is an area bounded on one side by the anterior fontanelle and the coronal suture and on the other side by the root of the nose and
- 8. BONEOF THEVAULT The boneof the vault. Vault is consist of – 2 frontal bone 2parietal bone 1 occipital bone 2 temporal bone 2 frontal bone It separated by the frontal suture .it forms the forehead to sinciput. The ossification centre of bone is the frontal eminence. The frontal bone fuse into a single bone by age 8 years of age.
- 9. CUNT…. 2 parietal bone– Which lie on either side of skull and occupy most of the skull .the ossification centre of each of these bones is called the parietal eminences .two parietal bone separated by sagittal suture. 1 occipital bone Which forms the back of the skull and the part of its bone. The part of it contribution to the base of the skull as it contains the foramen magnum, which protects the spinal card as it leave the skull. The ossification centre is the occipital protuberance.
- 10. CUNT… The occipital boneseparated by the lambdoidal suture from the parietal bone , while the coronal suture separated the frontal form the parietal bone .Each of the two parietal bone is separated from the temporal bone on each side by the temporal suture. 2 temporal bone – On both side of head forms part of the vault.
- 11. SUTURE A suture isa type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull. Fibrous joint are connected by dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. There are 4 suture in fetal skull…. Frontal suture –it is also called metopic. It located between two frontal bone is called frontal suture. Coronal suture –It located between 2 parietal and 2 frontal bone on either side. Sagittal suture- It is also called longitudinal .It located between parietal bone. It divided the skull in two left and right halves. Lambdoid suture- It located between two parietal bone and the occipital bone.
- 14. FONTANELLES… A fontanelle isa space created by joining of two or more suture. Wide gap in the suture line is called fontanelle. In this many fontanelle {6 in number} but in obstetrical only two fontanelle are important. they are Anterior fontanelle Posterior fontanelle Anterior fontanelle- It is also called bregma. It is a diamond in shape membrane. Filled space located between the two frontal and two parietal bone of the developing fetal skull. It closes approximately at 18 to 24 month after birth. Its antroposterior and transverse diameters measure approximately 3.4cm in length and 2.3cm in width.
- 15. CUNT…. It became pathological,if it fails to close even after 24 month. Posterior fontanelle- It is also called lambda. It is a triangle shape .it lies at junction between the sagittal suture. It close approximately at 6 to 12 weeks .and diameter is 1.2cm in length and 1.2cm in width.
- 17.
- 22. DIAMETERSOF SKULL Anterior posteriorlongitudinal diameters- Suboccipito bregmatic-It measure nape of the neck {occipital protuberance} to the centre of the bregma. Diameter -9.5cm Attitude –head is complete flexion. Presentation- vertex Suboccipito frontal-it is measure from the nape of the neck to the anterior end of the anterior fontanelle or centre of the sinciput. Diameter -10cm Attitude –incomplete flexion Presentation-vertex
- 23. CUNT… Occipital frontal-itmeasure from the occipital protuberance to the glabella. Diameter -11.5cm Attitude – head extend Presentation-vertex Mentovertical- it measure from the point of the chin to the highest on the vertex. Diameter -13.5cm Attitude –partial extension Presentation –brow
- 24. CUNT… Submento vertical– it measure from the point where the chin joint the neck to the highest point on the vertex. {Sagittal suture}. Diameter -11.5cm Attitude –incomplete flexion Presentation –face Submento bregmatic-it measure from point where the chin join the neck to the centre of the bregma. Diameter -9.5cm Attitude –head complete extend.
- 25. CUNT… TRANSEVERSE DIAMETER – Biporital diameter- it extent between two parietal eminence. Diameter -9.5cm Supra sub parietal- it extent the parietal eminence to below the opposite eminence. Diameter -8.5cm Bitemporal diameter –the diameter between the two furthest point of the coronal suture at the temples. Diameter -8cm Bimastiod diameter –it located between the tips of the mastoid processes. Diameter -7.5cm
- 26. Landmarks… Occiput –it is the occipital bone {back of the head}.the part below the occipital protuberance [landmark] is known as sub occipital region. Sinciput – it is the forehead region of frontal head. Parietal eminence- it is the eminence of parietal bone on either side. Frontal eminence – it is the eminence of frontal bone on either side. Occipital eminence – it is the eminence of the occipital bone. Mentam- it is the chin. Vertical points-it is the centre of the sagittal suture.
- 27. Cunt.. Frontal points– it is the root of the nose. Sub occiput – it is the junction of fetal neck and occiput. Sub mentum-it is the junction between the neck and chin. Biparietal –it is the transverse distance between two parietal eminences. Bi temporal- it is the distance between two lower and of the coronal suture.
- 28. Conclusion… It is importantfor midwife learn about fetal skull by knowing the landmarks will enable them to estimate the program of labour. Midwife also can evaluate diameter of the fetal skull and fontenelle and sutures
- 29. Bibliography.. Marshall j.& Raynor M[2004] Myles textbook for midwife 16th edition London ; Elsevier. Verrals S. [2015]. Anatomy and physiology applied to obstetrics 3rd edition Singapore ; Elsevier. Winson N.V & McDonald S.2014 Illustrated dictionary of midwifery Edinburgh ; Elsevier.