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![These are quotes from the Young Foundation’s work in Lindängen in 2012,
exploring local resilience and wellbeing
“Lindängen is like a family. Everyone is like a big family.”
“I have lived here for 35 years. I have never felt afraid of anything or anyone. I hear
so much that is negative about the Lindängen. I am going to live here until I am
carried out.”
“I have lived in Lindängen for 40 years. I have never been afraid and I am positive
about it. This is a much more open area. The community spirit has improved. People
stop and talk and it is a much friendlier place.”
“People are afraid of sticking out, they feel secure in their small world.”
“The library is a public space. The kinds of people who come to the library are
excluded from society. The newcomers [to the area] focus on the library. ... The only
human contact they have is with the library.”
Sources:
Rowing against the tide, making the case for community resilience, Lucia Caistor Arendar and Nina Mguni,
Young Foundation 2012
Report on conceptual framework to measure social progress at the local level and case
studies, Lucia Caistor Arendar and Nina Mguni 2013
http://www.eframeproject.eu/fileadmin/Deliverables/Deliverable9.1.pdf
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Uploaded bysocial_life_presentations
Placemaking & social investment in Malmö November 2013
This document presents a placemaking model for Malmö, focusing on enhancing the city’s disadvantaged ‘million homes areas’ through social investment. It discusses the innovative approach to integrating local community needs and fostering collaboration among various stakeholders to improve well-being and social cohesion. Additionally, it outlines financing requirements and strategies to regenerate areas like Lindängen while addressing issues of unemployment and social exclusion.
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Placemaking & social investment in Malmö November 2013
- 1. A Placemaking modelfor Malmö & the potential role for social investment November 2013
- 2. The Social Lifeof Cities This work is part of the Social Life of Cities collaborative: a partnership between Cisco, Social Life and the Young Foundation. Our aspiration is to work with cities to connect their strategies and programmes more firmly to the day to day experience of their residents. With the City of Malmö we are developing a new placemaking model for their “million homes areas”, and exploring how this can be supported by new sources of finance. This work is relevant to all the places that are facing the problem of how to upgrade the mass housing of the 1960s and 1970s. This builds on earlier work carried out by the Social Life team with the City of Malmö. Previous projects explored the city’s innovation story, and wellbeing and resilience in local areas. 2
- 3. We convened twoTelePresences to discuss these issues. The first TelePresence, September 26th 2013, Placemaking for disadvantaged housing estates in Malmö Second TelePresence, October 3rd 2013, New finance for regenerating Malmö Involving participants from Brussels, Chicago, Copenhagen, London, Luxembourg, New York, Seoul and Sydney 3
- 4. A Placemaking modelfor Malmö: this report brings together the materials from the two TelePresences 1 What is placemaking? 2 Malmö’s innovation story 3 Lindängen 4 The placemaking model 5 Financing placemaking 6 Meeting the need for investment 6 Our questions Building on the best of what we know about making places thrive; and the best of what we know about innovation to meet social need in local areas. 4
- 5.
- 6. “Placemaking” is atool that helps us think differently about the needs of people and of places. 6
- 7. “When you focuson place you do everything differently” Project for Public Spaces, New York Placemaking is… A process for designing, creating and managing existing and new places so they become thriving communities that support wellbeing and quality of life. Placemaking involves people who live and work in an area in creating and shaping plans and decisions. It draws on local strengths, potential and opportunities, and focuses on lived experience. There is increasing interest in the US and Europe in “placemaking” but often this is defined as focusing on public spaces only. Our definition of placemaking brings together all the different aspects that make places thrive, from public space, to housing, local retail, and how residents feel about their local areas. 7
- 8. 1 Malmö’s innovationstory 8
- 9. Malmö A city witha population of over 300,000 people. Over 40% of the population are first or second generation immigrants. The city has the highest child poverty level of all Swedish municipalities. It also has a lower employment rate and higher welfare dependency than most of Sweden. Malmö has strong links to Denmark & Europe, and is connected to Denmark by the Øresund Bridge. 9
- 10. This uses theYoung Foundation’s innovation spiral, which puts an emphasis on the importance of pressing needs in sparking innovation. Malmö’s innovation story Develop proposals: Learn from success of environmental sustainability programmes Prompt: Data/studies on social need Develop proposals: External inspiration, social design principles, co-design solutions with participants This image is from work carried out by the Social Life team in 2010-11. Slide 10 10 Prompt: Consensus about need for new approach Prompt: Disengaged communities, poor education, high levels of disadvantage Malmo is famous for innovative sustainable design, but also for urban problems
- 11. Innovating in localareas In Malmö there are five “area programmes”, which have been set up to focus on the parts of the city where social problems are most concentrated. The Area Programmes’ aim is to create a socially sustainable Malmö, to nurture innovation and break down silos. Priorities include work & economic growth; security; inclusion; better outcomes for children and adolescents; integration; and culture. The area programmers invest in new initativies and aim to develop new ways of working that help agencies to collaborate. 11 Slide 11
- 12.
- 13. Over 1 millionnew homes were built in Sweden between 1965 and 75, a third of apartments that exist today were built in this period. This is known as “the million homes programme”. Lindängen in Malmö was built in this period. 13
- 14. Lindängen Lindängen is anarea on the southern edges of the city of Malmö. Lindängen has a population of 6,700. Most housing is in apartment blocks, and there are 2,600 apartments in total. The area was created through the million homes programme, the first residents included Chilean refugees. Since then successive groups of refugees have made their home in the area. Lindängen is the focus of one of Malmö’s Area Programmes. Lindängen is mainly residential, it has several green areas and a run down shopping centre. People living in and working in the area report that it can feel very cut off from the centre of Malmö. Three main property owners own housing in Lindängen: two big companies (Stena Fastigheter & Första AP-fonden, a pension fund) and a local company (Trianon). 14
- 15.
- 16. Lindängen: Employment (2009) Employment rates are low comparedto Sweden, or the city average, but not as low as in some parts of Malmö. 16
- 17. Lindängen: working age population, actual & trends until2015 Befolkning+samt+Förvärvsfrekvens+20.64+år+ U<all+2007.2011+resp+2008.2010+.+trend+Bll+2015++ Befolkning#20664# Förvärvsfrekvens# 4#400# 60%# 4#300# 50%# 4#100# 40%# 4#000# 30%# 3#900# 3#800# 20%# 3#700# 10%# År+ 17 2015# 2014# 2013# 2012# 2011# 2010# 2009# 2008# 3#500# 2007# 3#600# 0%# Förvärvsfrekvens+20.64+ Befolkning+20.64+ 4#200# The proportion of people in work has declined, and this trend is predicted to continue.
- 18. Lindängen: number of pupils leaving elementary schoolwith qualifications 2007-2011 Gymnasiebehörighet& avser&endast&Lindängenskolan& 85%$ 80%$ 75%$ Andel& 70%$ 65%$ 60%$ 55%$ 50%$ 45%$ 40%$ 2007$ 2008$ 2009$ År& 18 2010$ 2011$ Educational achievement in high schools has declined in spite of new investment. There have been some improvements in school results in the last year.
- 19. Lindängen: 60 Year 2003* 50 40 30 20 10 0 Year 2011*** Changein numbers of people saying they feel unsafe outside in the evening 2003-2011 In Fosie, the borough that included Lindängen*, people feel more unsafe than elsewhere in the City. • until recent administrative reorganisation 19
- 20. These are quotesfrom the Young Foundation’s work in Lindängen in 2012, exploring local resilience and wellbeing “Lindängen is like a family. Everyone is like a big family.” “I have lived here for 35 years. I have never felt afraid of anything or anyone. I hear so much that is negative about the Lindängen. I am going to live here until I am carried out.” “I have lived in Lindängen for 40 years. I have never been afraid and I am positive about it. This is a much more open area. The community spirit has improved. People stop and talk and it is a much friendlier place.” “People are afraid of sticking out, they feel secure in their small world.” “The library is a public space. The kinds of people who come to the library are excluded from society. The newcomers [to the area] focus on the library. ... The only human contact they have is with the library.” Sources: Rowing against the tide, making the case for community resilience, Lucia Caistor Arendar and Nina Mguni, Young Foundation 2012 Report on conceptual framework to measure social progress at the local level and case studies, Lucia Caistor Arendar and Nina Mguni 2013 http://www.eframeproject.eu/fileadmin/Deliverables/Deliverable9.1.pdf 20
- 21. Lindängen centrum citizens’dialogue 2012 Like = Uppskattar Dislike = Ogillar This mapping exercise was carried out by the Lindängen area programme. The area that was most disliked includes the shopping centre, plans are being put in place to develop it 21
- 22. Social Life’s placemaking workshop STRENGTHS REPORTEDBY WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS Openness Good services: a progressive library, breakfast club, “school after school”, multi-ethnic health centre February 2013 WEAKNESSES THAT EMERGED IN DISCUSSIONS Courage: “movement against violence” started by local couple Weak NGOs Campaign for Muslim fathers to spend more time with their children Stronger “bonding” than “bridging” social capital Co-operation: municipality and NGOs working together Council services now more integrated Open air swimming pool and the amphitheatre. 22 Barriers between different groups, few places for people from different backgrounds to meet Some immigrant families struggle to navigate Swedish systems Education system seen failing non-Swedes Some Muslim women are isolated Despair, little trust in change, poor education, skills, low self-esteem Lindängen poorly connected to Malmö
- 23.
- 24. How can weput people in the centre of placemaking in Lindängen? 24
- 25. We drew onwhat is known, and identified four key sources of evidence and expertise Promise Neighbourhoods, US (2010 on) Knight Foundation, Soul of the Community, US (2010 on) New Deal for Communities England (2000–10) Four key learning points 25 Communities that care, US & UK (early ‘90s on) 1. We need to build the capacity of individuals - their wellbeing, resilience and capacity to act – as well as tackling deficits like unemployment and crime 2. How people feel about places – their attachment – is critical 3. We need to start from the assets that already exist in local communities – and take time to identify these 4. It is important to avoid silos and over rigid processes.
- 26. From our placemakingrapid review: six principles for placemaking in Malmö Context: a detailed understanding of places is the starting point. Not linear: innovation is neither smooth nor linear – we need to take account of the complexity of how people live and how systems work. Start small and learn: prototype, use expert & user feedback before moving to scale, embed learning and review in delivery. People centred: communities are experts of their environment. Asset based: success is most likely if it builds on the strengths and assets of a community as well as tackling problems and deficits. Placekeeping: consider how will interventions be sustained in the long run from the outset. 26
- 27. What will bemost effective to tackle Lindängen’s multiple problems is unclear, and we do not know what will work best. We have therefore based our approach on an innovation model Understand A placemaking model for Malmö: the starting point Ideation cycles Imagine Prototype Feedback loops between stages An incremental model based on what we know about how local areas innovate 27 Implement
- 28. Underpinned by communitydividends to share the rewards with local people. 28
- 29. How community dividendscould work… State saves x Euro, gives half share to community The Problem Community Dividend This is a model where a community works with agencies, and shares the savings of any actions that reduce costly problems. 29 One example: stopping graffiti The Agreement Local Action Agencies will clean walls, community will stop people doing graffiti Work with young people, create sanctioned graffiti wall
- 30. Where to startinnovating in placemaking? Some possibilities: • • • • • 30 Activating public spaces: focus on the shopping centre Build on strong services that are working across divides: library, GPs, extended school Build on assets and strengths: identify and recognise local networks Exploit international links with the Arab world amongst Muslim communities Use physical investment to create jobs.
- 31.
- 32. Accross Malmö, €65,000investment is needed per home to meet physical and environmental standards, and to fund a full programme of social renewal. The City of Malmo has set up its “Regeneration Dialogue” programme, a new approach to regeneration and investment. €110m investment is needed for the properties identified as falling within the remit of the Regeneration Dialogue in Lindängen. 32
- 33. The costs of disadvantagein Lindängen Direct costs for each unemployed adult: €75,000 each year Total income support paid by city (2012): €110 million 350 unemployed (2009) ≈ €26 million/year, €130 million/five years Two Swedish economists, Ingvar Nilsson and Anders Wadeskog have worked with the city and have estimated the costs of social exclusion in Lindängen. 33
- 34. Nilsson & Wadeskogestimate that a reduction in the costs of social exclusion, equivalent to the €60m needed to comprehensively regenerate Lindängen (without sharp increases in rent), could be generated if 138 people currently dependant on welfare become fully employed for eight years, and stop having any need for support from the state. 34
- 35. Average direct costsfor unemployment in Lindängen divided between agencies Local Source: Ingvar Nilsson 35 gover n me n t
- 36. Costs of unemployment Source:Ingvar Nilsson 36
- 37. What does theCity of Malmö want? Less than half of the costs – €50m - of the programme to holistically regenerate Lindängen can be funded through rent increases - the public sector cannot fill the remaining gap. The city wants more investment overall for deprived areas, to fund regeneration and avoid sharp rent increases. The city also wants to be able mainstream a new approach, to move away from the current situation where holistic regeneration can only be funded through short term initiatives. And to develop new structures that break down silos and rigid ways of working and enable agencies to work together more effectively and creatively. 37
- 38. The global pictureof costs and savings ignores many complex issues that need to be considered before developing a complex social investment proposition. It is necessary to identify the high cost individuals/families, the points where improvements in how services are delivered could reduce costs, then analyse use of services to find the key intervention points where costs of failure can be released. Some questions to start a discussion about the potential of social investment Who are the potential investors? Who is the target of a new programme? How to measure impact? How to invest in innovation? … how can savings be cashed? … how can savings be shared? 38
- 39. 1 Who arethe potential investors? Institutions: Scandanavian insurance companies, pension fund managers and equity investors who are looking at broadening their base eg SBP (Norwegian owned pension fund), Skandia, Swedbank Public sector City of Malmö: regional health trust and national employment agencies, other national actors Property owners: including landlords in Lindängen Crowdfunding: drawing on Malmö’s own resources, including those of its high net worth individuals. 39
- 40. 138 people no longerdependent on state welfare programmes 2 Who are the target group? If 138 people are to stop dependency on the welfare state, what wider support would be needed to achieve this? 280 people in full-time work, partially dependent on welfare 560 people on apprenticeships & training 800 families supported to tackle wider problems NOTE: all the figures are hypothetical 2000 people invited to join wider social programmes Whole population of Lindängen given opportunity to take part in new programmes that build community and promote environmental sustainability 40
- 41. Issue #2: whoto 3 How can we focus on? measure success? 280 people in 138 people no longer dependent on state welfare programmes full-time work, partially dependent on welfare Hard outcomes & outputs: numbers in work, training places, participation rates, increase in employment rates. 560 people on apprenticeships & training 800 families supported to tackle wider problems Soft outcomes & outputs: confidence, resilience, sense of purpose, trust, community capacity and cohesion. 2000 people invited to join wider social programmes 41 Whole population of Lindängen given opportunity to take part in new programmes Is it possible to build a model with such complex multiple outcomes? Is a focus on a particular group – eg schools – more realistic? Or on green energy?
- 42. 4 Investing ininnovation? Ideation cycles Understand Imagine Prototype Implement Feedback loops between stages How can a new investment fund be developed to support innovations that will not have an evidence base, or track record? 42
- 43. 5 Investing ininnovation? One investment model Upfront investment + savings Step 1: Identify problem or challenge (eg welfare dependency) Step 2: Expand interventions that already work Step 3: Imagine and test new interventions Step 5: Establish pooled budget for large investments Time This is an incremental investment model that grows over time. There is a need for relatively low initial investment in new programmes. Initial investment generates savings. These are reinvested, alongside additional new resources. The investment pot grows as savings accrue, and as agencies learn about what works. 43 Investment Upfront investment Step 4: Measure and expand successful interventions Pool resources
- 44. Possibilities for usingnew sources of finance #1 New programmes and initiatives, supported by social investment (acting as traditional investors or providing working capital) #2 Payment by results with up front costs funded through social investment #3 Social impact bond/pay for success bond #4 Creation of new innovation fund to support new programme of action, part funded by public sector & social investors? 44
- 45.
- 46. Can we applythe methods of social innovation to placemaking? If we are bringing in new sources of finance: what should be the balance between small and large scale projects? Or starting simple versus starting with ambition and complexity? 46
- 47. More placemaking questions… How do we build wellbeing and resilience? How do we generate connections between different groups, especially between people from immigrant backgrounds and longstanding residents? How do we activate the public spaces? How do we seek out and build on local assets? How do we overcome resistance to change within local bureaucracies? 47
- 48. More finance questions… Is small and incremental the best strategy to engage new forms of investment, or is starting at scale better? Is a SIB/Pay for Success model over ambitious, or could the complexity and difficulty starting this be outweighed by real benefits in the long term? What is the best place to start to begin this new approach? 48
- 49.
Editor's Notes
- #7 Why do places matter?Places are defined by experience of people that live and work in themMany people are rooted in one place for much of their lives Places shape personal wellbeing and resiliencePlaces can amplify the effect of poverty and disadvantageParticularly important at key life stages: as parents, when young and old
- #12 Dedicated coordinators, physical infrastructure spending plus capacity building
- #14 37 million homes in Europe (EU 15 2003)30,000 apartments built in Malmö 1965-75, nearly 11 percent of city’s housing now
- #15 Housing charcterised by lack of maintenance, overcrowding, high energy costsSome of housing has recent changed handsKey priority from residents is more contact with neighboursSchool opened up morning and evening: managed by volunteers, activities based on students’ suggestionsEfforts to engage Muslim women, many isolatedProblems with weakness of local labour market, working with Arab Buisness AssociationProblems with infrastructure, especially the shopping centre
- #23 Lindängen is invisible, for example, there are were signs for Lindängen on the City’s cycle network until recently
- #25 There is a pressing need for new approaches and modelsThere is a need to better understand he lived experience of all residents… and to work with the strengths and assets within the local populationWe need to bring together what we know about how to drive local social innovation, and how to make places thrive
- #26 Knight foundation work highlights connections between attachment and gdp. Need to optimise place
- #27 Context: Detailed understanding of place-based challenges is the basis for designing appropriate interventionsNot linear: Innovation is neither smooth nor linear - need to take account of complexity in processPrototyping: Start small and learn from expert & user feedback before improving approach/deliveryPeople centred: communities are experts of their environment - a fundamental resourceAsset based: success is most likely if it builds on the strengths and assets of a community as well as tackling problems and deficitsPlacekeeping: placemaking requires consideration of how interventions will be sustained from the outset.
- #30 A way of sharing savings with residents – and signalling a wish to involve and mobilise everyone4 stages 1 residents commit to collective action to tackle a local priority, such as youth crime or poor quality open spaces• if collective action results in positive outcomes, communities are given a financial reward for their effort• the reward is invested back into the local area, through mechanisms like participatory budgeting, local community group grants or council tax rebates• the state saves money as positive outcomes reduce the demand for public services.
- #40 Foundations less likely… housing at centre, gives income stream, is fixed asset, increases attraction to investors
- #41 This involves intervening across people’s lives: the problems that trap individuals into dependency on welfare systems are complex and individualised: mental health problems, drug and alcohol abuse, low self esteem and low resilience and capacity to changeThese issues can be amplified within familiesFamily life is affected by what happens in wider communities, how neighbourhoods affect life choices and opportunities, and social normsSo delivery needs to focus on three dimensions: the whole community, families and individuals