FINAL PPT OF NANOSENSOR
- 1. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN SENSOR Presented by:- NISHANTKUMAR SONY 8TH SEMESTER REG. NO. – CUJ/I/2012/INT/017 CENTER FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY 13/04/2016 Centre For Nanotechnology, CUJ 1
- 2. Content • What isa Nanosensor? • Why produce Nanosensors? • Manufacturing method? • Blue Crab Nanosensors • Applications of nanosensors • The Future of Nanosensors • Challenges of mass production 2
- 3. What is aNanosensor ? • Biological, chemical, or physical sensory points used to convey information about nanoparticles to the macroscopic world Why produce Nanosensors ? • Smaller • Require less power to run • Greater sensitivity • Better specificity 3
- 4. Manufacturing method of nanosensors•Top-down lithography Starting out with larger blocks and carving out the desired form • Bottom – up assembly Starting with components such as molecules and atoms and placing them one-by-one into position to create the desired form • Molecular Self-Assembly Using a piece of previously created or naturally formed nanostructure and immersing it in free atoms of its own kind, making it more prone to attract more molecules and captures free atoms and continue creating more of itself, thus larger components of nanosensors Starts with a complete set of components that would automatically assemble themselves into a finished product 4
- 5. Blue Crab Nanosensors •A substance found in the shell, called chitosan, is a key component used in a nanosensor, a “system on a chip” at the nanoscale. It was developed at the University of Maryland. • Detects minute quantities of explosives, bioagents, chemicals, and other dangerous materials in air and water. • This could lead to security and safety developments for airports, hospitals, etc. 5 What is Chitosan? •A biological compound that readily binds to negatively charged surfaces. •Chitosan is a polymer of the chitin monomer. It is biodegradable and less toxic in nature •It can interact with a wide variety of substances and works well in complex, sensitive devices, such as nanosensors. •Commonly used in weight loss supplements.
- 6. How the BlueCrab Sensor Works • Multiple mini vibrating cantilevers, which resemble diving boards, are coated with the chitosan. • Optical sensing technology is used to see when the cantilevers vibrations change. Different cantilevers detect different substances and concentrations. • When the targeted substance enters the device from the air or water, the chitosan on a specific cantilever interacts with the substance and causes that cantilever’s vibration to change. The optical sensing system sees the vibration change and indicates that the substance has been detected. 6
- 7. Types of Sensors Electrometer: •Consistsof a torsional mechanical resonator, a detection electrode, and a gate electrode used to couple charge to the mechanical element. Chemical Sensor: •Incorporates capacitive readout cantilevers and electronics for signal analysis •sensitive enough to detect single chemical and biological molecules. 7
- 8. Applications • Transportation • Communications •Integrated Circuits • Building and Facilities • Medicine • Safety • National Security • Aerospace 8
- 9. Biosensors • Nanowire sensorscan detect chemicals and biologics. Biologics are defined as any therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, vaccine, virus, blood, blood component or derivative, allergenic product, or analogous product, or derivatives applicable to the prevention, treatment, or cure of injuries or diseases of man. • Intra-cellular devices to sense pre-malignant cancerous changes in living cells. The devices are created from synthetic polymers, called dendrimers, that are made layer-by-layer into spheres with diameters of less than 5nm • Nanosensor to detect asthma attacks up to 3 weeks in advance. 9
- 10. Biosensors 10 •DNA molecules attach tothe ends of vertical carbon nanotubes that are grown on a silicon chip •These detect specific types of DNA in an analyte •DNA and other biomaterials can be sensed using encoded antibodies on Nanobarcode particles
- 11. Military or NationalSecurity • A lightweight, portable chemical detection system combines a nanomaterial for sample collection and concentration with a MEMS based “chemical lab-on-a-chip” detector. • Most likely to be used in defense and homeland security. • The SnifferSTAR is a nano-enabled chemical sensor that is integrated into a micro unmanned aerial vehicle. 11
- 12. Aerospace • Nanosensors canpass through membranes and into white blood cells, called lymphocytes, to detect early radiation damage or infection in astronauts • May be able to eventually be administered through the skin every few weeks, avoiding injections or IVs during space missions • This eliminates the need to draw and test blood 12
- 13. The Future • Couldlead to tiny, low power, smart sensors manufactured cheaply in large quantities. • Service areas could include: Situ sensing of structural materials. Sensor redundancy in systems. Size and weight constrained structures Satellites and space platforms 13
- 14. Challenges • Reducing thecost of materials and devices. • Improving reliability. • Packaging the devices into useful products. • Mass-producing Methods are typically incompatible with those used in making electronics that amplify and process the signals the nanowires generate. 14
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Editor's Notes
- #4 A Nanosensor is a sensor created on the atomic scale that obtains information about nanoparticles and translates it to a scale we can easily analyze. There are a number of advantages to using nanosensors: The most obvious is that their smaller scale allows them to go places that sensors didn’t have the ability to before They require less power to operate They have a higher sensitivity than previously as well as better specificity
- #5 There are three main methods of creating nanosensors: The first is the top-down method, where you start out with a larger piece of the material and carve out what you want The second method is the bottom-up method of assembly where you start with atom sized components and place them one by one to create the sensor The third method actually consists of 2 methods, its called molecular self-assembly The first of these is by using a piece of a previously created nanostructure and immersing it in free atoms of its own kind, this makes it more prone to attracting more molecules and assembling itself The second of these methods starts with a complete set of components that then assemble themselves into a finished product, -this is a method that is currently used to create micro-scale computer chips and has yet to be mastered on the nanoscale, but would be more efficient and cheaper to produce in mass quantities
- #6 One of the more interesting things that I came across in my research was something called Blue Crab Nanosensors. These are sensors that use a substance called chitosan (kite-o-san) which is found in the shells of many crustaceans as a key component. Chitosan is a biological compound which can easily bind with negatively charged surfaces and works well in complex, sensitive devices. These sensors can detect minute quantities of explosives, bioagents, chemicals and other dangerous materials in air and water and could lead to major safety developments for airports hospitals, and any other major public places.
- #7 The way the sensor actually works is they consist of mini vibrating cantilevers which are coated with the chitosan, and using optical sensing technology, vibrations in the cantilevers can be seen. When the chemical enters the sensor, the chitosan on a cantilever interacts with the substance and causes a change in the vibration that is then detected by the optical sensing system.
- #9 Some of the major applications of nanosensors are in Medicine, Safety, National Security, and Aerospace
- #10 Applying nanosensor in the biological field is becoming one of the most funded fields of research. They can be used to detect chemicals and biologics in the body. Which consists of any types of medications, vaccines, toxins, antitoxins, or viruses Researchers are developing intra-cellular devices that sense pre-malignant cancerous changes within living cells these devices are created layer by layer into spheres with a diameter of less than 5 nanometers There has also been some research into a nanosensor that could detect asthma attacks up to 3 weeks early by testing regularly, as diabetic patients do using a handheld device. The sensor would detect the level of nitric oxide in your breath and alert you if it was too high.
- #11 These are just a couple of images of a couple of different types of biosensors used for detecting DNA
- #13 The major development that has been made in aeronautics, is the development of sensors that can pass through membranes into the white blood cells of astronauts to detect early radiation damage that could be potentially cancerous. In the future they may be able to be administered through the skin every few weeks, eliminating the need to draw and test blood and avoiding injections or IVs during space missions.
- #14 The future of nanosensors could lead to tiny, low power, smart sensors that could be manufactured cheap and made in mass production.
- #15 Major challenges that are encountered in commercially producing nanosensors are -reducing the cost of the materials and devices as well as improving reliability -actually packaging the devices into a product that is useful to consumers -the largest challenge is in actually mass producing them since the methods typically used aren’t compatible with those used in the making of the electronics that amplify and process the signals that the nanowires and nanosensors generate.