final presentation

PRESENTERS
Serial
no.
NAME ROLL
1. Md. Rakibul islam 21073
2. Md. Imtiaj Hossain 21097
3. Sifat Ara Saba 21103
4. Md. Shakil Ahmed 21106
5. Tania Akter 21118
6. Keya Datta 21124
7. Ayesha Akter Rani 21157
8. Md. Pappu Miah 21178

HARDWARE DEFINITION
 The mechanical devices those make up the
computer are called hardware. hardware is
any part of the computer we can touch.
 According to Tim Fasher ,’’hardware in the
computer world refers to the physical
components that make up a computer
system’’.
 According to Alan Clements,‘’Hardware
means all the parts of the computer that are
not software it includes processor its memory
,the buses that connect devices together and
peripheral’’.

BASICS HARDWARE
DEVICES
 INPUT DEVICES
 OUTPUT DEVICES
 PROCESSING DEVICES
 STORAGE DEVICES
 COMMUNICATION DEVICES

DEFINITION
 The foremost task of a computer is to
accept data. An input device is used to
accomplish this task. An input device
is used to enter the data and
instructions into the computer.

INPUT DEVICE
 Keyboard: Keyboard is the most
popular input device that allows users
to type alphabets, numbers, and
operators, and also to control the
cursor on the screen.

INPUT DEVICES
 Mouse: Mouse is a pointing device
that allows user to point to a specific
position on the screen. It has two or
three buttons on top for
selecting/executing different
operations.

INPUT DEVICES
 Microphone It is a device used to
accept audio inputs from the user.
 Scanner It is a device used to
capture digital images of printed
documents, graphics or other
printed media.
 Touch Screens It is a display
device, which is touch-sensitive and
allows user to interact with the
computer system by touching an
area on the screen.
 Bar Code Reader It is used to
accept barcode inputs. A barcode is
a series of vertical bars representing

INPUT DEVICES
 Joy Stick It is a device used to control cursor on
screen. Normally it is used in Games and specially
designed simulation software.
 Light Pen It is a device used for drawing pictures and
for directly controlling screen operations.
 Web Camera It is an easy to connect lower solution
digital camera normally employed for transfer of images
on the web-based conferencing.
 Digital Camera It is a high-resolution camera, which
captures images and stores them in digital format.

DEFINITION
 Processing devices in a computer are
the processing of information within
the computer system.

SOME PROCESSING
DEVICES
 CPU
 MOTHERBOARD
 SOUND CARD
 VIDEO CARD
 NETWORK CARD

CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT
 A central processing unit component
of a computer that interprets the
computer instruction and process
data.

PARTS OF CPU
 CONTROL UNIT: It controls all the
functions of CPU besides processing
time for all the parts of CPU.
CONTROL
UNIT
ALU
PRIMARY
MEMORY
FUNCTIONS OF CPU

ARITHMATIC AND LOGICAL
UNIT
Performs arithmetic computations
including addition
 1. Subtraction, multiplication, division,
comparison.
 2.Performs logical information
including OR, AND, NOR, NAND.

REGISTER
 A special, high-speed storage area
within the CPU. All data must be
represented in a register before it can be
processed.
VARIOUS REGISTER
 Memory address register
 Memory buffer register
 Program counter register
 Accumulator register
 Instruction register

PROCESSING DEVICES
 MOTHERBOARD: A motherboard is the
physical arrangement in a computer that
contains the computer's basic circuitry
and components.
 SOUND CARD: A sound card is
an expansion card or IC for producing
sound on a computer that can be heard
through speakers or headphones.
 VIDEO CARD: A video card connects
to the motherboard of a computer
system and generates output images to
display. Video cards are also referred to
as graphics cards.

DEFINITION
 An output device is any piece of computer
hardware equipment used to communicate the
results of data processing carried out by
an information processing system (such as
a computer) which converts the electronically
generated information into human-readable form.

OUTPUT DEVICES
 Monitor: A monitor or
a display is an electronic visual
display for computers. A monitor
usually comprises the display
device, circuitry, casing, and
power supply.

OUTPUT DEVICES
 Printers : In computing,
a printer is a peripheral which
makes a persistent human
readable representation of
graphics or text on paper or
similar physical media.

OUTPUT DEVICES
 Projector : A projector or image
projector is an optical device
that projects an image (or
moving images) onto a surface,
commonly a projection screen.
 Speakers: A hardware device
connected to a
computer's sound card
that outputs sound generated by
the computer.

OUTPUT DEVICES
OTHER OUTPUT DEVICES
 LCD Projection Panels
 Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
 Headphones
 Voice output communication aid
 Automotive navigation system
 Braille embosser
 Plotter
 Television
 Radio
 Steam
 Wireless

DEFINITION
 A communication device is
a hardware device capable of
transmitting an analog or digital signal
over the telephone, other
communication wire, or wirelessly.

COMMUNICATION DEVICES
 Bluetooth devices: A computing
and telecommunications industry
specification that describes how
devices such as mobile
phones, computers, or personal
digital assistants can
communicate with each other.
 Infrared devices: Method of
transferring data without the use
of wires.

 Modem : A Modem is
a hardware device that allows a
computer to send and receive
information over telephone lines by
converting digital data into
an analog signal used on phone
lines.
 Network card: It is an expansion
card that enables a computer to
connect to a network; such as a
home network, or the Internet using
an Ethernet cable with an RJ-
45 connector.

 Wi-Fi device: A home wireless
network uses a wireless access
point or router to broadcast a
signal
using WAP or WEP encryption
to send and receive signals
from wireless devices on the
network.
 Smart phones: can browse
the Internet and run basic
software programs like a
computer and the user often
interacts with the smart phone
by using their finger on
the touch screen.

DEFINITION
 A storage device is used in the
computers to store the data. it
Provides one of the core functions of
the modern computer.

PRIMARY STORAGE
Primary storage device is a medium
that holds memory for short periods of
time while a computer is running.
 Types of primary storage:
1. RAM
2. ROM

RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY
 Random Access Memory (RAM) is
a hardware device that allows
information to be stored and
retrieved on a computer. RAM is
usually associated with DRAM,
which is a type of memory module.
Because information is accessed
randomly instead of sequentially like
it is on a CD or hard drive, the
computer can access the data much
faster.
 TYPES OF RAM
1. SRAM
2. DRAM

READ ONLY MEMORY
 Read-Only Memory, ROM is
a storage medium that is used with
computers and other electronic
devices. As the name indicates, data
stored in ROM may only be read; it is
either modified with extreme difficulty
or not at all.
 TYPES OF ROM
1. PROM
2. EPROM

DEFINITION
 Alternatively referred to as external
memory, secondary memory,
and auxiliary storage, a secondary
storage device is a non-volatile
device that holds data until it is
deleted or overwritten.

TYPES OF SECONDARY
STORAGE
SECONDARY
STORAGE
DEVICE
SEQUENTIAN
STORAGE
DEVICE
MAGNATIC
TAPS
DIRECT
STORAGE
DEVICE
MAGNICAL
DISK
FLOPPY DICS HARD DISK
ZIP DISK DISK PACK
OPTICAL DISK
CD ROM WORM DISK

VARIOUS SECONDARY
MEMORIES
 HARD DISK: A hard disk drive is a device
used to permanently store and also retrieve
information.
 FLOPPY DISK: A floppy disk is a type of disk
storage composed of a disk of thin and
flexible magnetic storage medium.
 USB FLASH DRIVES: USB flash drive is a
portable storage device. It connects to a
computer via a USB port.
 MEMORY CARDS: Memory cards are a type of
storage media that is most commonly used to
store pictures, videos, music, and other data.

CACHE MEMORY
 Cache memory is random access
memory that a computer
microprocessor can access more
quickly than it can access regular
RAM. SECONDARY
MEMORY
RAM
CACHE
MEMORY
CPU

WHAT IS PROBLEM?
 If the loss of programs or data on your
computer is going to make you upset, it is
recommended that you take some
precautions. Your computer may be
protected against viruses and such, but
100% protection is never guaranteed.

FACTORS THAT CAN
DAMAGE COMPUTER
 Hardware faults that may occur:
Computers produced for personal use have a
certain lifespan.
 Electricity interruptions and failures:
sudden and large changes in voltage in the
computer can cause damage to data.
 Overheating: Perhaps most importantly one
of the factors that shorten the life of
computers is the warm-up problem.
 Attack by hackers. Any computer connected
to an Internet network cannot be one hundred
percent guaranteed to be protected.

FACTORS THAT CAN
DAMAGE COMPUTER
 Viruses and other malicious
programs: Viruses are a nuisance,
whether they damage or slow Internet
connections or as a simple example
‘Spam’ can in fact cause irreparable
damage to computers deleting data
that cannot again be restored.
 Errors in the software or the
operating system installed.

USEFUL MEASURES THAT
CAN BE TAKEN.
 Unplug the computer when installing new hardware, ground yourself.
 While the Computer is running do not plug in or unplug mouse, serial
port, parallel port, keypad, etc.. (Except for the USB and Ethernet).
 Protect against computer viruses and attacks and follow the
recommendations previously proposed .
 If you are unsure of how exactly to do what you want on the
computer, do not go to hardware and software changes.
 If possible, install up to date software that comes with the computers
motherboard, displaying information boards showing computer warm
up and from time to time check the internal temperature status of the
device.

USEFUL MEASURES THAT
CAN BE TAKEN.
 Make sure your building and the room you are using
has grounding.
 Try not to touch computers, which install your body with
a static electric charge.
 Do not unnecessarily leave your computer switched on.
 When turning off your computer be sure to do it
according to the rules.
 Never move your computer jolt the table it is on or
shake it while it is turned on.

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